On November 3rd, the project "Theory, Key Technologies and Applications of Multi-scale Protection of Chinese Urban Architectural Heritage", led by Academician Wang Jianguo and Academician Cui Yu, and jointly completed by Southeast University, China Academy of Architectural Design and Research, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Palace Museum, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Construction Eighth Bureau and Zhejiang University, won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, which is the first time that the first prize of the National Science and Technology Award has been produced in the field of architecture in China.
Academician Wang Jianguo's team went to Beijing to attend the meeting
The Science and Technology Progress Award usually focuses on rewarding innovative contributions in the ontology of science and technology. Slightly different from this, "Theories, Key Technologies and Applications of Multi-scale Protection of China's Urban Architectural Heritage" not only has the scientific connotation of technological innovation, but also reflects the major concerns of the party and the state in increasingly attaching importance to the protection and inheritance of historical and cultural heritage.
Urban development is always "in progress"
Cities are always faced with the dual challenges of rebirth and decay, protection and development. On the one hand, cities are always in the process of modernizing their metabolism. On the other hand, historical and cultural inheritance must also be adhered to, which is a major event of national identity. As Academician Wang Jianguo said, the project mainly solves two problems. The first is to find a multi-scale overall inheritance path of architectural culture in the context of today's times, and the second is to deal with the relationship between protection and development. "The architectural heritage of towns is an important part of cultural heritage," he said. The architectural heritage of the town constitutes a real living environment, which is one of the most important components of Chinese culture that we can experience today. How to deal with the relationship between protection, inheritance and development is the first problem we have to solve. ”
Academician Cui Yu led the team at the project site
Academician Wang Jianguo said: "It is impossible for today's cities not to build high-rise buildings. What we can do is to reasonably maintain and guide the annual gradient of urban growth, and handle the relationship between protection, inheritance, abandonment and development. For towns such as Dali, Pingyao, Tongli, Wuzhen and other towns in Yunnan, which are not very large, generally within 5 square kilometers, suitable for walking and slow traffic, they can be protected and retained as a whole, and even "original". But the big city is different, 42 square kilometers of land within the city wall of Nanjing, 62 square kilometers within the second ring road of Beijing, for such a historical city, the situation to consider has become very complicated. For most cities, cities need to protect and inherit historical culture, but also have the functions and population agglomeration that modern cities must have, and they must also have new tall buildings.
Wang Jianguo said: "We should read in the city the witness of the architectural heritage that time and years sometimes pass, sometimes freeze, and the historical inheritance and modernization shine together, not only to inherit the culture, to do a good job today, but also to embrace the future." ”
To solve the nostalgia, we must also see the future
The project team believes that because the construction of the city in the past few decades has been mainly determined by economic orientation, our old city has been demolished on a large scale. Today, we have entered a stage of new urbanization, and we should advocate "full protection" in the city on the basis of the determination of heritage value. But it can't be said that a new house can't be built. In other words, not all old buildings in a city have to be preserved "one size fits all."
Why should urban architectural heritage be protected on multiple scales? For ontological architecture, we should study the "longevity" of the building, consider the structural durability and reinforcement repair technology, the degradation mechanism of housing materials, and carry out the necessary preventive intervention and protection of "treating small diseases and preventing major diseases". For historical and cultural blocks and architectural complexes, the scale is different, we also have to consider the use of contemporary people, we must include the living social state into the object of protection. At the level of the city, there is more to consider, even the competitiveness of the city on a global scale.
Taking Nanjing as an example, the first thing we must protect is the urban landscape pattern and the spatial structure of the capital city of "Zhongshan Longpan and Shicheng Tiger", and no matter how Nanjing changes, the pattern of the city cannot change. The relationship between the pattern of the ancient city and the Qinhuai River cannot be changed, and the style of the historic district should maintain relative integrity and gradual optimization. For example, Confucius Temple, Mendong and Menxi maintain the architectural style since the Ming and Qing dynasties until the 1950s and 1960s, but they cannot let a city be full of the style of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and some representative commercial buildings, cultural buildings, industrial buildings, and public residences in the urban development of modern Nanjing also need to be included in the objects of protection and adaptive reuse.
The project team has completed the overall urban design of the old city of Beijing, the overall urban design of Nanjing, the protection plan of the Ming Palace in Nanjing, the restoration and restoration of the scenic spots in Nanjing Yuyuan, the protection plan of the Dongguan Historical and Cultural Block in Yangzhou, and the renovation of Zhongshan Road in the Quanzhou Historical and Cultural Block.
Solve the "package" problem in the protection of ancient settlements
The protection and regeneration of historical and cultural blocks is a hierarchical content in the multi-scale protection of urban architectural heritage. The project team has carried out targeted scientific and technological research and engineering practice research in many cities across the country, and developed a new workflow for the "Dynamic Decision Support System" (DDSS) and multi-scale protection of urban architectural heritage for the evaluation of block-building multi-scale protection objects.
Academician Wang Jianguo's team in Gu'nan Street, Yixing
For example, in the case of protection and regeneration of the Dingshu Gunan Street Historic District in Yixing City, the project team has carried out nearly 20 years of continuous scientific research in view of the current situation of the block houses in disrepair, lack of facilities, chaotic style, and out-of-control cultural inheritance, and has developed a series of innovative technologies such as performance-oriented planning and design methods for the integrity of the block style, joint-symbiotic structure protection technology for residential buildings, physical environment improvement, and integrated design of brick and wood buildings and equipment systems The guidelines for the renovation of traditional residential buildings in GunanJie were formulated for residents' independent reference in the transformation of the built environment; through the renewal mode of light intervention, micro-renewal and backward progress, the purple sand craft inheritance that has been continued since the Ming and Qing dynasties in the neighborhood has been revived as a whole, and has become a typical example of the complementarity of tangible heritage and intangible cultural heritage protection, historical protection and social development in China's historical districts. The project has won the Asian Association of Architects Historical Heritage Conservation Award and related important awards in China, as well as national invention patents, maintenance and construction methods and other achievements, and was invited to participate in the International Construction Association (UIA) Architectural Exhibition the year before.
Correspondent Don
Yangtze Evening News/Purple Cow News reporter Cai Yunqi
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Source: Purple Cow News