In recent years, the cultivation of peach facilities has developed rapidly, bringing everyone a good income. With the maturity of the market, the acceleration of peach breeding speed, and consumers' increasing requirements for fruit quality, forcing greenhouse growers to renew and rejuvenate the original low-yield and low-efficiency peaches and upgrade the variety structure. The production practice technology of the renovation of the new and rejuvenated peach varieties in the facility cultivation is summarized as follows.
First, the whole garden shed renewal (variety update, to the inferior for the superior)
This update applies to older varieties planted early and older varieties with longer growing years. Here's how.
1. Replanting updates
For the greenhouse peaches with low economic benefits, extremely weak trees, serious nodules, and more than half of the peach trees in the whole garden, a one-time removal and renewal is implemented. After removal, the original stump and roots are carefully cleaned. The time can be from June to October after harvesting, deep ploughing of the soil to dry. From November to mid-March of the second year, it can be planted from ridges and disinfected at the same time. Increase the application of organic fertilizer or fully decomposed livestock and poultry manure 2 to 3 tons per mu. Or high-quality cake fat 0.5 ~ 1 ton. In order to facilitate harvest management in the greenhouse, the general east-west direction of the greenhouse is formed in rows of ridges from north to south, and the plant row spacing is 1 meter × 2 meters. The greenhouses in the north-south direction are ridged from east to west, with a row spacing of 1 meter × 2 meters.
2. Grafting, budding renewal method
Grafting update of whole garden varieties: For greenhouse varieties that are severely weakened in the whole garden, the quality of the fruit is not suitable for market demand, and the economic benefits are low, the heavy grafting method of the whole garden can be used to update. Specific methods: (1) Select the excellent varieties of scion with better benefits in the region. (2) Saw all the original living peach trees at a time at a distance of 10 to 20 cm from the ground, and use a knife to cut the saw edge, and complete the grafting within 24 hours. (3) Select scion with 2 to 3 full buds, one end is cut into a wedge, one end is closed with oil wax, and inserted into the subcutaneous layer to form a layer. Each plant is grafted with 1 to 2 scions, and tightly sealed with plastic film, which is impermeable to air and rain. The grafting time of this grafting method is generally carried out before flowering after the shed is buckled (Figure 1).
Fig. 1 One-time saw-off update grafting method
Bud connection renewal method: select a good variety of scion, select 1 to 2 years old, well-grown branches at 30 to 40 cm from the ground, and connect 1 to 4 buds per bud. The time is from mid-to-late April to the end of May before the budding, after the budding wound heals and the new sprout pieces are alive (generally 10 to 15 days), before the middle of June, the weeping branches are folded from 10 to 15 cm above the bud junction but not broken, so as to promote the growth of new sprouts. After the new sprout flake grows to a certain length, it is cut off at 3 to 5 cm above the bud flake, and the new shoot is retained to continue to grow. At the same time, do a good job in fertilizer and water management, and strengthen plant protection management.
Second, some dead trees and weak trees in the shed are renewed and rejuvenated
1. Partial dead tree update
For individual dead trees, the large tree transplant method can be updated. Method: Select large trees (preferably with soil balls) that are as old as possible in the shed for transplantation (Figure 2). Transplantation is after leaf fall to Before germination in March 2.
Fig. 2 Seedling transplantation method
2. Root tiller seedling renewal
If the aboveground part is weak or dead, and a stronger root tiller is issued at the root, you can choose one to grow to a certain extent for budding and splitting. The budding time in the greenhouse can be after April, and the specific method can refer to the above bud connection renewal method. Splitting can be performed before budding after the snap shed (Figure 3).
Fig. 3 Tiller splitting update method
3. For perennial trees with severe debilitation
A well-grown perennial branch can be selected above the graft of the original variety, and the trunk can be re-cultivated upwards without letting it bear fruit, and the management can be carried out with reference to the main trunk cultivation method of the colonized seedlings in that year. Generally, the ideal height can be reached in the current year, and the normal results can be achieved in the second year. This method is suitable for older trees that are not satisfied with the original tree shape or have weakened trees due to pests and diseases. It is also suitable for the gradual transformation of tree shapes in greenhouses. The time is after the budding of the buckle shed can be noted for culture renewal and rejuvenation (Figure 4).
Fig. 4 New branch renewal method of severely weakened trees
Third, after the update management
1. Cultivation management
Renew the park and apply sufficient base fertilizer before germination. Generally, it is 1 to 2 tons per mu of high-quality bacterial fertilizer or fully decomposed livestock and poultry manure that has been harmlessly treated. Topdressing is performed when the new shoots grow to 15 cm. Before the middle of July, high-nitrogen and low-potassium composite fast-acting fertilizers should be selected at 60-100 kg per mu. After mid-August, apply potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 to 100 kg. Foliar topdressing, before mid-July, with urea 300 times plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times liquid mixture 2 to 3 times applied. After mid-August, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times liquid is administered once every 15 days, twice in a row. Pay attention to drought resistance and drainage throughout the growing season, and keep the soil moisture content normal.
2. Plant protection management
The renewed orchard should actively control diseases and insect pests to ensure the robust growth of the renewed tree. The main diseases are perforation disease, brown rot disease, scab disease, glue flow disease and so on. The control method refers to the open field peach tree disease control method, and the corresponding agents such as 80% (mass fraction, the same after the same) daisen manganese zinc 800 to 1000 times liquid, 70% methyl tolbuzin 1000 to 1200 times liquid, 10% phenyl ether methylcyclophine 2000 to 3000 times liquid, 50% gram fungus dan 700 times liquid and other effective agents.
The main pests are: aphids (peach aphids, peach mealy aphids, peach tumor aphids), red and white spiders, peach leafminer moths, pear small heartworms, peach shell worms, red-necked celestial bulls, tea winged aphids and other pests. The corresponding agents for the prevention and control are 10% imidacloprid 2000 times liquid, 3% aymite 3000 times liquid, 20% butyrofen mite 5000 times liquid, 40% chlorpyrifos 1000 to 1500 times liquid, 22.4% spironoid ethyl ester 5000 times liquid, 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin 1500 to 2000 times liquid, etc. The green prevention and control technology measures of insect pests can promote the application of technical measures such as sexual attractants, misty silk, and insecticidal lamps.
Author: Guo Yongtao
Source: Friends of Growers Magazine
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