China UnionPay produced an advertisement that was "comparable to a movie" - "The Last Transfer of Datang Mobei".
The story takes place in the sixth year of the Tang Dynasty (790ad), when the Uighur Khaganate and the Tubo Empire fought in the western region, resulting in the defeat of the Uighurs. The Northern Tingdu Protectorate, allied with the Uighur Khaganate, and the Shatuo chieftain Zhu Weizhong were forced to surrender to Tubo. This means that the Tang Dynasty in the Western Regions is only left with the two cities of Guizi and Xizhou under the administration of the Anxi Capital. An Anxi Army squad escorting military salaries was ambushed halfway through and died with the enemy. At this time, a former soldier of the Tang Xuanwei Army, Lu XIV, who had become a tramp, planned to take the opportunity to steal some goods, but was captured by Guo Yuanzheng, the captain of the Ninth Cavalry Team of the Xuange Battalion of the Tang Wuwei Army, who had fainted before. Therefore, Captain Guo escorted the deserter Lu XIV on a journey to escort the military pay, and the story began...
The first batch of only square hole coins with the national name was minted, and then the Southern Ming Dynasty Emperor (Lu Jianguo) once cast the "Daming Tongbao".
Thirteen years of Datang Tianbao.
An Lushan, stationed in the northeastern frontier region of the Tang Dynasty, rebelled against the Tang And set off an unprecedented civil war. As a result, the main force of the Tang army stationed in longyou province in the western region was transferred back to the central plains to suppress the rebellion, and the historical records record that 7,000 people of Sima Li Qijun of the Anxi march; 5,000 people of the hussar general Li Siye; and 3,000 people of the general Ma Phosphorus of the Left and Right JinWuwei were transferred out of Longyou Province in three batches to aid the Central Plains. The Anxi army, which originally had 20,000 people, was left with only a few thousand soldiers under the command of Guo Xin, the fourth town of Anxi, with Guizi City as the main front, and stayed on the western frontier of the Tang Dynasty. This garrison must not only face the western region, which is complicated and changeable with the military situation, but also face a million strong enemies and fight alone in the face of the fact that the Hexi Corridor has been occupied by Tubo... Ten years later, the territory of the Anxi garrison was only two places, the four towns of Anxi and the North Garden, and it was also an "enclave" outside the isolated territory. In the third year of the Gregorian calendar, the anxi lone army had to attach itself to the Uighur Khaganate, an ally of the Tang Dynasty, and the Old Book of Tang and Geographical Records recorded:
"The old general Li Yuanzhong guarded the Northern Court, Guo Xin guarded Anxi, and relied on Shatuo and Uighurs, and Tubo attacked it for a long time, and did not go down."
Fortunately, at this time, the Tubo Empire was in a state of exhaustion, busy with the Uighurs, black-clad food, and the wheel war of the Northern Tianzhu kingdoms, and the Anxi lone army was able to hold low with the help of friendly troops. This should be explained by the fact that the Uighur Khaganate also fulfilled its friendly responsibilities and repeatedly sent elite cavalry to help anxi to resist Tubo.
In the second year of Emperor Dezong's reign (781ad), Guo Xin sent a false Uighur to Chang'an to report for duty. Tang Dezong was greatly touched by the loyalty of Anxi's lone army, so he ordered zhongliang to be sealed -- on the first day of July in the second year of Jianzhong (781ad), the imperial court appointed Guo Xin as the protector of The Great Capital of Anxi and the envoy of the Four Towns Jiedu; in May of the first year of the Xingyuan Dynasty (784ad), guo Xin was also named the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, the Shangshu Left Servant and the Imperial Historian, the Inspector Of the Right Scattered Horse ChangShi and the Envoy of the Four Towns Jiedushi, and the title of King of Wuwei County. And then... And that's it. Although the Anxi generals worked hard to get in touch with the imperial court, in the face of the western regions far away in the sky, the Tang court, which had long been a headache and a pain in the foot, was really beyond the reach of the whip. That is to say, except for the "jiaguan jinjue", the imperial court could not give any actual support to the Anxi lone army.
The Tang generals Guo Yuanzheng and Lu Xiv looked at the Tang dynasty who had come to support the army.
The last fortress, Kamezi City.
In the fourteenth year of the Zhen Dynasty (798ad), the new lord of Tufan, Song Dezan, ascended the throne, and the history is called abandoning songzan. During his reign, this person tried his best to ease relations with the Tang Dynasty, and from the twentieth year of Zhenyuan to the early years of Xianzong Yuan and the early years, the emissaries of the two sides looked at each other with crowns and did not stop at the age of each other. And the day when Tang and Fan reconciled the soldiers, that is, when the Tubo and Uighurs were in the Western Regions. The land under the jurisdiction of the lone army in Anxi naturally became a place where soldiers and families had to fight.
In front of you are the enemies of a lifetime, and behind you are loyal allies. As a military general, Guo Xin made his own choice in his twilight years, and he and his white-haired remnants did not abandon the last land of the Tang in the western region. In the winter of the third year (808ad) of Tang Xianzongyuan and the third year (808ad), in the face of the 100,000 people who abandoned the hunting songzan, Tang Anxi Dadu Protector, the four towns jiedu envoy, the king of Wuwei County, Guo Xin, and his generals were all killed. Tubo's history books characterize this unusually tragic skirmish as the "demise" of the Tang Dynasty.
General Anxi held the Western Regions alone for forty-two years.
The demise of the Anxi Lone Army meant that the Tang Dynasty completely lost control and even influence over the Western Regions. Long before Guo Xin sent his troops into the hunt, most of the cities in Longyou Province had already been captured by the Tubo Empire, and millions of Tang people had been reduced to captivity. There is a fragment in "The Last Transfer of the Great Tang Dynasty": several Han Merchants dressed in Beard sent water and dry food to the two veterans, and eagerly inquired when the Tang Dynasty Master would be able to recover Longyoudao. This description can be said to be very touching, but also very true. At that time, the Tubo Empire's rule in Longyou was very absurd and corrupt -- seeing all Tang people as potential enemies, not only forcibly cutting off the connection between longyou Tang and the Central Plains, but also forcing The Tang people to wear Tubo-style hu costumes. It is said that the Tang people under high pressure can only secretly put on the costumes of their ancestors during the festival and weep in front of their homeland. As early as the first year of Jianzhong (780ad), the Tang envoy Wei Lun on the way back from the alliance with tubo, passing through the land of Helong, the local scholars heard about the envoys from the homeland and came to see them, according to Wei Lun's recollection, there were also veterans who had gone out with the Wang Shi in the early years and were defeated and exiled here, and they pulled the envoys of the homeland to inquire:
"Ask Tianzi ann?" The present generation has not forgotten the Tang costume, and the imperial court still thinks about it? ”
And most of its younger generation of Tang People are also ambitious:
"All are furry furry heads, peeping at the gaps in the walls, or beating their hearts and weeping, or dancing in the east, and the secret passages are sparse, the falsehood of words, and the hope of the king and the master."
In addition, during the occupation of the Long right, the Tubo Empire, which called itself the "Great Fan Kingdom", abolished the local administrative system of the Tang Dynasty on the one hand, and forced the Tubo serf system on the other hand, often equating the Tang people with the parts of the magnates. According to Zhao Xuan's "Records of The Sayings of the Cause", tubo monarchs:
"Every Chinese man, who is incompetent, is filled with envoys and disgraced, and those who are coarse and literary are nibbled in their arms, waiting for Zampu's orders." Those who have been made up as officials by the Chinese are called sheren. ”
Even so, many Tubo people were still very hostile to the Tang, and in the Dunhuang testament "Book of Shangzanpu", the remarks of the Tubo magnates who were unfriendly to the Tang people were recorded:
"What is the use of the prisoner of the otherworld?" That is, please lower the silk to punish it. ”
And these Tang people, who served as Tubo She, also dared to be angry and did not dare to speak out, so they often called themselves "broken officials". Compared with ordinary people, the situation of these "broken officials" is no better than that of ordinary Tang people. For being forced out of the court is not only a moral torture; it also carries a real danger of being targeted at any time.
The dark rule of the Tubo Empire turned the once prosperous and rich Longyou into a hell on earth where the people did not care about life, compared with the "Zhumen wine and meat smelly road with frozen bones" before the Anshi Rebellion. A song popular in Tang Xianzongyuan and the Tenth Year (815ad) of the "Song of the Unknown" vividly reveals the Long right society under tubo rule:
"The world is boiling over the years, and the rice is a thousand people who have lost their counts." Attached to guo planted two acres of land, abrasion does not charge eleven taxes. ...... The dancers were tired of wine and meat in front of the court, and did not know that the people were sleeping hungry. Jun did not see the empty wall frame of the city, and the general just planted flowers and bamboo. Jun looked at the place outside the city and bet that the taro flowers were like willows. The petrel mud wanted to make a nest, but no one in the empty hall flew away. ”
Hyperinflation, heavy taxes without conscience, corrupt bureaucracy, a people's livelihood... The problems of the Great Tang Dynasty cannot be reduced, and they must be intensified! The person who copied this "Anonymous Song" was a teenager who was only seventeen years old at the time, and his name was Zhang Yichao.
Zhang Yichao played a sparse draft.
The Three Banners of the Rebel Army, sometimes fantasizing: Zhang Xiaojing, a Long right soldier from Chang'an, would have anything to do with Zhang Yichao.
Zhang Yichao's life is not recorded. It is only in the "Yuangui of the Book of Fortunes" that "after the fall of Shazhou, there is a record of Zhang Shishi as a state general", but whether this Zhang clan is Zhang Yichao's family is also difficult for historians to judge.
Zhang Yichao's niece and granddaughter", "Epitaph and Preface of the Lady Zhang Clan of Nanyang County, Zhou Dynasty", records Zhang Yichao's ancestral hometown: "In Chang'an Wannian County, the descendants of the family were officials and lived in Shazhou, so they became Dunhuang people. Gao Zu was humble and humble, and gave the Ministry of Works Shangshu. ”
Zhang Qianyi mentioned here is Zhang Yichao's father, a "broken official" who has lived under tubo rule all his life. To be sure, Zhang Qianyi was one of the most disadvantaged of the broken officials under Tubo, who was able to give these broken officials the highest positions when the "Southern Dynasty" at that time was given the highest position by the Tang Dynasty.
Although Zhang Qianyi was an extremely popular subject, in the eyes of the Tubo magnates, he was still "not of my race and his heart must be different", according to a volume of Tibetan literature preserved in Dunhuang, Zhang Qianyi once went to Lhasa to meet the "Southern Emperor", that is, Tubo Zampu, but on the way back inexplicably died... According to the Tubo official system: "His officials, the father dies and the son dies, and the heirs are closely inherited", the Tubo monarch allowed Zhang Yichao to inherit all the inheritance of his father "naturally" - the Tubo people will regret it sooner or later...
Soon, the Tubo Empire, which had decayed to the extreme, had a fierce court struggle, and all kinds of magnates were biting each other to death, and the former power collapsed in an instant. Taking this opportunity, Zhang Yichao, together with An Jingmin (a Sogdian), the deputy governor of Shazhou, and Yan Yingda (a branch of Tubo), the deputy governor of Shazhou, joined forces in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (848ad) to return to the rebel army. He immediately recaptured the prefectures of Gua and Sha, and sent his subordinate officials Gao Jinda and others to the capital Chang'an to report victory.
By the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (851ad), in addition to Guazhou (Anxi) and Shazhou (Dunhuang), more than ten prefectures, such as Yizhou (present-day Hami), Xizhou (present-day Turpan), Hezhou (present-day Linxia), Ganzhou (present-day Zhangye), Suzhou (present-day Jiuquan), Lanzhou, Yanzhou (present-day Ledu), Kuozhou (present-day Hualong), and Minzhou (present-day Min County), were also restored one after another, and the generals of the Gui rebel army opened up territory for the Tang Dynasty for more than 4,000 miles, and finally completed the long-cherished wish of returning to the Tang Dynasty for the lone army of Anxi forty years ago.
In the movie "Dunhuang", the rebel army Jiedufu.
Return to the Great Seal of the Rebel Army.
Later, it was attributed to the portrait of the leader of the rebel army.