Meet the world's heritage | Huang Rong: the first descendant of Zhu Xi's science

Huang Yu: The first descendant of Zhu Xi's science

Zheng Liming

Huang Yu (1152 ~ 1221), zi zhiqing, number Mian Zhai, Changle Qingshan people. He studied under Zhu Xi and later became his son-in-law, and was regarded by Zhu Xi as the heir of the Taoist system. It is known that Xingan County, Hanyang Army, Anqing Province, etc., have many good governance. The final shi of Dali Cheng's transfer to Lang. He was given to the emperor. Try to teach the White Deer Cave Academy, and the students and disciples are widespread. When raising the hunan xuezheng, he asked the imperial court to use the 350 acres of yicha lingtian as the shigu academy to feed all the students. During his lifetime, he wrote a lot of works, and his considerable monographs include "Lecture Notes on the Five Classics", "Four Books chronicles", "Jie Jian Ya", "Zhu Zi Xingzhi" and so on. In the Ming Wanli Dynasty (1587 ~ 1598), together with Li Kuan, Han Yu, Li Shizhen, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu Xi, and Zhang Yu, the Seven Sages of shigu academy, known as the "Seven Sages of Shigu".

The mission consciousness of "inheriting the study for the sake of the saints" makes Huang Yu take the inheritance of science as his responsibility, and articles, morality, and integrity have become his life goals. He unswervingly inherited zhu xi's thought, so that the academic spirit full of life wisdom, such as reasoning, truth-seeking, distress, practice, morality, and openness, which is contained in it, is deeply embedded in the tradition of national culture.

Waiting for March

In the winter of the second year of Chunxi (1175), The village of Wufu in Chong'an (present-day Wuyishan City) was heavily snowed.

Huang, 23, has been hanging out at the inn for days. The person he had to wait for was Zhu Xi, who was already famous at that time, but this gentleman shenlong never saw the beginning and the end, and never disappeared. Huang Yu decided to wait until he saw him.

A few months earlier, he had followed his second brother, who was an official, to Jizhou (吉州, in modern Ji'an, Jiangxi) to study with Liu Qingzhi, a famous scholar from Luling. Liu Qing, one of whom saw Huang Yu, thought that he was a very strong person with a strong understanding of Taoism, afraid of misleading people's children, and strongly suggested that he return to Fujian to study from his teacher Zhu Xi, and repair a letter of recommendation to bring to Zhu Xi.

Huang Yu trekked all the way, facing the wind and wearing snow, full of dust and frost, and came to Zhu Xi's residence in Wufu Village, but Zhu Xi had just returned to Wuyuan to visit the ancestral tomb, and he did not know when he would return. In order to wait for Zhu Xi, Huang Yu, who lived in the inn, did not even dare to take off his clothes when he slept at night, so he waited to be summoned by Zhu Xi at any time. Such a day lasted for three months, and in the spring of the following year, the spring flowers bloomed, and Zhu Xi returned from Shi Ran.

At that time, it was also such a heavy snow day, and two Fujian compatriots Yang Shi and You Shu went to ask Cheng Yi for advice. Just happened to catch Cheng Yi to nap in the house, so the two had to stand quietly at the door, until Cheng Yi woke up and found two "snowmen" outside the door.

Zhu Xi certainly knew the inspirational stories of his ancestors. Seeing this young man, he actually prayed here for three months, which was quite praised.

The ambitious Huang Yu cherished the opportunity to study under Zhu Xi and did not waste a minute or a second reading and doing learning. The "Biography of Song Shi Huang Yu" records: "Yu sees himself, does not set up a bed at night, does not untie the belt, and sits slightly when he is tired, leaning on one or reaching dawn." Zhu Xi was very attached to this high disciple. Zhu Xi wrote in a letter to Liu Gongdu: "Zhiqing Zhizhi is very helpful in thinking hard and suffering. In order to broaden Huang Yu's horizons, Zhu Xi also asked him to consult Lü Zuqian, and asked him to read the books written by Zhang Yu to compare the academic views of the Zhu, Lü, and Zhang families who were standing on their feet at that time.

In the sixth year of Chunxi (1179), the eldest brother Huang Gao died, and Huang Yu returned to Fuzhou to be mourned. The following year, zhu Xi still did not return, which made Zhu Xi very depressed, and he lamented in his reply to Huang Rong's letter: "My path is lonely, and friends are rare... The hope for the sages is not light. "He is bored with old illness and tired of leaning over, but he thinks of lying in the mountains and forests and talking with one or two people like Zhiqing, so as to end up with his karma." This shows that a deep relationship has been established between Zhu Xi and Huang Rong, not only the relationship between teachers and students, but also a confidant.

Later, when Huang Rong recalled the scene when he first studied under Zhu Xi, he said: "In the spring of The Shen Dynasty, the shimen began to ascend, the language was pure, and the love was like a father and brother. Spring mountain chaorong, autumn hall night qing, or the sutra in the corner, or scattered in the forest, or talk about laughter cloth, or cut to and ding. "The teachers and students are deeply affectionate and overflowing with words.

Many people think that the story of Huang Rong's "Waiting For The Master in March" is more than that of "Cheng Men Lixue", and some people praise it:

Yichuan Province was a foot in front of the snow, and the senior brother of the Cheng clan was called You Yang Zai Dao Nanyi;

In March, when I praised Zhu Zimen and Yan Zeng, he continued to rule the Northern Yan.

Onion soup and rice are suitable for both

In the ninth year of Chunxi (1182), Huang Yu was 31 years old and had been under Zhu Xi for eight years. This elderly young man, bent on reading only the books of the sages, did not hear anything out of the window. In his view, "the knowledge is endless, and it is not possible to be frivolous and shallow." Zhu Xi "understands every word with the will of moral life." Huang Yu's peaceful and happy character, pure heart, and determination to seek knowledge finally impressed Zhu Xi, and he gladly married his fourth daughter, Zhu Dui, who was most pitiful, to Huang Yu.

At that time, Zhu Xi was famous, "the famous secretary of state was admired, and he wanted to propose marriage with his sons", and he favored Huang Yu, who had no background and a poor family, and it was Precisely because of Huang Rong's wisdom of being dedicated to the Tao, determined to think hard, and inspired as a Confucian. Choosing Huang Yu as his son-in-law is actually choosing the heir to his academics and careers.

Two years later, Huang Yu had his first son, Huang Rong. In order to pursue higher Taoist ideals, Huang Rong, as a father, could not take care of his livelihood, and his life became increasingly poor, but he still did not change his mind. His friend Mei Yu once visited his home and saw that his "disciples are surrounded by walls, and the daily vegetables are right", but "the guests sit upright and talk until Da Dan does not sleep".

One summer, Zhu Xi came to visit Huang Rong's family. The daughter wanted to treat her old father well, but because of her family's poverty, she couldn't really serve any decent dishes. In desperation, the daughter had to run to the vegetable garden behind the house to pick a few chives to make a clear soup, and then cooked a pot of wheat rice.

When Zhu Dui brought out the onion soup and rice from the kitchen, his face was ugly and embarrassed. Zhu Xi, who is well aware of the dilemma of his daughter's family, did not blame at all, but comforted: "Living frugally is a good family style for our family." Such a meal is already good, not only delicious to eat, enough to eat, but also nourish the body, what am I not happy about? ”

On the occasion of parting, Zhu Xi dipped in thick ink and wrote a poem with a stroke of his pen: Onion soup and wheat rice are suitable for both, and onion supplements Dantian wheat to supplement the spleen. Mo Dao has little taste in this, and the former village is still unwashed.

This inscription poem of his father-in-law, Huang Yu respectfully pasted between the walls, as a motto and family training. Huang Yu also inscribed a poem on the side of the wall: "Fools are full of death, and heroes are often hungry." But if you can keep the scoop, what can't be done? "It shows that it is the wind of poverty and happiness."

Daofu Cangzhou continued to study

In the southern Song Dynasty Jiading Decade (1217), Huang Yu knew Anqing. The Jin people in the Gwangju area in northern Anhui province caused a series of uprisings, and the capital of the Anqing Army was in Qianshan, not far from Gwangju, and there was no barrier, so it was easy to be captured. The relocation of the city is imminent.

Huang Yu asked the imperial court to move the city on the grounds that "the Jin people broke Gwangju", and at the same time led the civil and military officials to the Yangtze River to investigate the address of the new city. The whole process of building the city mobilized nearly 10,000 officers and soldiers, which took more than 250 days, and the most arduous was the prefect Huang Yu. Two years after the completion of Anqing City, the Jin soldiers broke through the surrounding Huangzhou Shawo Pass, and huaidong and west were shaken, but Anqing was safe and sound. Then in the summer, the river flooded and flooded for more than a month, and Anqing City was still safe.

Huang Yu chose Anqing to build a city, and his wisdom and hard work created the history of the city, making it have the reputation of "the throat of the Yangtze River, the first state of Wuchu and Chujiang" and the reputation of "Tongjin in eight provinces", and later became the capital of Anhui. Today, this hometown of Huangmei opera has eternally remembered this local official who loves the people and fulfills his duties with a classic Huangmei opera "Prefect Huang Yu" that is often performed.

When Huang Yu's career was smooth and his reputation was growing, he chose to retire from the rapids and resigned from his official position. Pastoral will be Wu, Hu will not return? His greater mission was not yet completed, and he could never forget Zhu Zi's deathbed instructions. At that time, when Zhu Xi was dying, he entrusted his uniform and the books he wrote to Huang Yu, and said in a handwritten farewell: "The trust of my way is here, and I have no regrets." ”

After returning to his hometown, Huang Yu had the unshirkable responsibility to assume the responsibility of "leader ZhuMen", and the number of students was increasing, and people from Bashu, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Jinghu all came to study. He edited etiquette, wrote books, lectured with his disciples on the classics, expounded on reason, worked tirelessly, came and went day and night, questioned and asked for advice, just like when Zhu Xi lectured.

In 1220, 20 years after Zhu Zi's death, Huang Yu's several repeated revisions of the Zhu Wen Gongxing Zhi were finally finalized, but his greatest wish was fulfilled. In March of the following year, Huang Yu left unexpectedly, and he had no regrets. At that time, "more than 200 disciples of the disciples of the disciples were sent off, and all of them were in decline and walked more than thirty miles to the mountains."

Later generations commented that Zhu Ximen's disciples were intelligent and excellent, but they asked them to be unswerving, old and miserable, only Huang Yuye. Fan Shoukang, in his General Treatise on the History of Chinese Philosophy, called Huang "a scholar with both bones and flesh."

As Zhu Xi's protégé and son-in-law, Huang Yu studied Zhu Xi for 25 years, accompanied by attendants, and played an extremely important role in the construction of Zhu Xi's theoretical system, laying a solid foundation for the popularization and dissemination of Zhu Zixue after Zhu Xi's death.

Huang Rong regarded "inheriting the Daoist system" as Zhu Xi's greatest achievement, and gave Zhu Xi a high evaluation of "Shao Dao unification, establishing a human pole, and being a master of all generations", thus establishing Zhu Xi's status as a "Daoist system".

After Huang Rong's subtle elaboration, Zhu Zixue finally broke through the confinement of "pseudoscience" and became the orthodox thought after the Southern Song Dynasty. From then on, Zhu Xi's analysis of Confucianism was considered to be the authentic interpretation of Confucianism, and in the yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties that followed, it occupied an unshakable dominant position. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Luxiang honored Zhou Dunyi as the founding master of science in the Lianluo Fengya, and took Zhou Dunyi - Ercheng - Yang Shi - Luo Congyan - Li Tong - Zhu Xi - Huang Yu - He Ji - Wang Bai as the orthodox lineage of the science tradition.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Zi's works, which were compiled and edited by Huang Chao, were also widely circulated in Europe by missionaries and had a far-reaching influence.

Around 1700 AD, a French missionary named Bai Jin gave his German friend Leibniz a gift. This is a book by Zhu Xi, Zhou Yi Benyi, in which several "Yi Tu" were intrigued by the man nicknamed Lovenix, who believed in nothing. Leibniz thought left and right in the Fuxi Bagua diagram, and finally realized the true meaning of binary numbers. In admiration and excitement, Leibniz wrote to the Chinese emperor at the time, Kangxi, who praised Kangxi for his reverence for Confucianism, and for advocating Cheng Zhu, the most rational emperor, and asked to become a Chinese citizen.

In Leibniz's view, the "reason" of Chinese Song Confucian thought and the Christian "God" are simply the same concept, and this "reason" transcends wisdom and is a kind of super-wisdom. It was also from the wisdom of Chinese theologians that he was inspired to systematically propose binary algorithms, laying a solid foundation for the modern development of computers. Through the introduction of Leibniz and the enlightenment of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot and other sages, Zhuzi's theoretical thought has been organically integrated into modern civilization, rejuvenating vitality and vitality. Huang Rong preached Zhu Zi's theory of science, and his contribution was indispensable.

"Ask the canal to be as clear as promised, for there is a source of living water." The tree of science is evergreen, and history has given Huang Rong, the praise of the first generation of Zhu Zi's science, and he is well-deserved.

(Excerpt from Mindu Culture, No. 1, 2017)

Source: Straits Network