48.MYSQL的主從與讀寫分離

linux企業級知識點總結

Mysql主從複制與讀寫分離原理圖 

Mysql的主從複制：從伺服器在主伺服器上自動同步資料。

Mysql的讀寫分離：通過amoeba伺服器控制使用者讀資料在從伺服器上進行，寫資料從主伺服器上進行，這樣可以做到負載均衡。

搭建mysql主從複制：

v 建立時間同步環境

#yum -y install ntp

#vim /etc/ntp.conf

修改相關内容：

Server  127.127.1.0

Fudge   127.127.1.0  stratum  8

#service ntpd restart

#yum -y install ntpdate

#/usr/sbin/ntpdate  1.1.1.1

v 安裝mysql資料庫

# yum -y install ncurses-devel

# yum -y install cmake

# tar xzvf mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.22

#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all  -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc

#make && make install

#useradd  mysql  -s  /sbin/nologin  -M  -g  mysql

# chown -R mysql.mysql  /usr/local/mysql/

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/

# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile

# . /etc/profile

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig mysqld on

#service mysqld start

# mysqladmin -u root password  123

v 修改master主伺服器配置檔案

#vim /etc/my.cnf

server-id  =  11

log-bin=master-bin

log-slave-updates=true

v 重新開機服務

#Service mysqld restart

v 登陸mysql資料庫，給從伺服器授權

#mysql -u root -p123

Mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Mysql>show master status;

注：*.*表示所有資料庫下所有表

v 配置從伺服器

修改内容：

Server-id = 22

Relay-log=relay-log-bin

Relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index

注：這裡的ID号不能與主伺服器相同

#service  mysqld restart

v 登陸mysql配置同步

#mysql -u root -p123,

Mysql>change master to master_host=1.1.1.1,master_user=ren ,master_password=’123’,

 master_log_file=’master-bin.000001’,master_log_pos=339

v 啟動同步

Mysql>start slave;

Mysql>show slave status\G;

驗證方法:在主伺服器上建立一個新的資料庫，在從伺服器上檢視是否同步過來。

Mysql的讀寫分離

搭建amoeba伺服器

v 安裝JAVA環境

# chmod +x jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin

# ./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin

# mv jdk1.6.0_14/  /usr/local/jdk1.6

#vim /etc/profile

添加内容：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6

export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba/

export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin

#source /etc/profile

#java -version

v 安裝amoeba軟體

#mkdir /usr/local/amoeba

#tar xzvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba

#chmod -R  755  /usr/local/amoeba

v 配置master，slave1，salve2伺服器開放權限給amoeba通路

v 編輯配置amoeba.xml配置檔案,指定amoeba的使用者名和密碼，指定讀寫伺服器。

#vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml

                        <property name="authenticator">

                                <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">

                                      <property name="user">amoeba</property>

                                        <property name="password">123</property>

                                        <property name="filter">

                                                <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.IPAccessController">

                                                        <property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>

                                                </bean>

                                        </property>

                <property name="defaultPool">master</property>

                <property name="writePool">master</property>

                <property name="readPool">slaves</property>

v 編輯配置dbservers.xml配置檔案,指定通路的資料庫的賬号和密碼，指定主從伺服器

#vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml

                        <!-- mysql user -->

                        <property name="user">test</property>

                        <property name="password">123</property>

        <dbServer name="master"  parent="abstractServer">

                <factoryConfig>

                        <!-- mysql ip -->

                        <property name="ipAddress">1.1.1.1</property>

                </factoryConfig>

        </dbServer>

        <dbServer name="slave2"  parent="abstractServer">

                        <property name="ipAddress">1.1.1.2</property>

        <dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true">

                <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">

                        <!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->

                        <property name="loadbalance">1</property>

                        <!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->

                        <property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>

                </poolConfig>

v 啟動amoeba軟體

#/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start

驗證方法：在master伺服器上寫入資料同步到slave讀伺服器上，然後slave讀伺服器關閉同步，自己增加相關表中内容，然後使用用戶端連接配接測試是否能成功在slacve伺服器上讀取内容。

關閉同步：Mysql>stop  slave;

本文轉自   觸動的風   51CTO部落格，原文連結:http://blog.51cto.com/10978134/1945785