DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)服務是一個區域網路的網絡協定。指的是由伺服器或網絡裝置控制一段IP位址範圍,客戶機登入伺服器時就可以自動獲得伺服器配置設定的IP位址和子網路遮罩。在小型網絡環境中一般有路由器來提供DHCP服務,今天我們主要讨論一下Linux系統環境中的DHCP服務。
步驟一:安裝服務
1.準備網絡環境:2台Linux主機,一台為伺服器端另一台為用戶端。在伺服器端配好yum倉庫
2.安裝DHCP服務
# yum -y install dhcp
Running Transaction
Installing : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.x86_64 1/1
rhel-packages/productid | 1.7 kB 00:00 ...
Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-38.P1.el6
步驟二::配置DHCP配置檔案
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
為某台用戶端保留IP位址
host pc205{ //定義保留的主機名(宣告)
hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; //mac位址
fixed-address 192.168.4.129; //保留的IP位址
}
3.開啟DHCPD服務
#service dhcpd start
正在啟動 dhcpd: [确定]
步驟三:驗證服務
檢視服務端口是否啟用
[root@svr5 dhcp]# netstat -anput|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 3530/dhcpd
在用戶端上重新擷取IP位址
# dhclient
或者通過以下指令來驗證
# dhclient -d //驗證指令
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:49:ba:0a //以下是DHCP工作原理
Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:49:ba:0a
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 (xid=0x6ecab92b) //尋找DHCP伺服器
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.4.5 //DHCP伺服器提供IP位址
DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6ecab92b) //請求使用
DHCPACK from 192.168.4.5 (xid=0x6ecab92b) //同意使用
bound to 192.168.4.20 -- renewal in 3110 seconds.
故障排除:
現象1.
Jan 27 13:07:55 srv5 dhcpd: ^
Jan 27 13:07:55 srv5 dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 13: unexpected end of file
Jan 27 13:07:55 srv5 dhcpd: range 192.168.4.120 192.168.4.150;
Jan 27 13:07:55 srv5 dhcpd: ^
Jan 27 13:07:55 srv5 dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting
原因:編輯配置檔案是缺少大括号
故障2
Jan 27 13:10:07 srv5 dhcpd: ^
Jan 27 13:10:07 srv5 dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 11: semicolon expected.
Jan 27 13:10:07 srv5 dhcpd: opton domain-name-server
Jan 27 13:10:07 srv5 dhcpd: ^
Jan 27 13:10:07 srv5 dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting
原因:參數配置錯誤,少了一個S。正确參數為:opton domain-name-servers
故障3
Jan 27 13:15:58 srv5 dhcpd: default-lesae-time 7200;
Jan 27 13:15:58 srv5 dhcpd: ^
Jan 27 13:15:58 srv5 dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting
原因:參數配置錯誤,正确參數為:default-lease-time
總結:
- 配置這個服務所有的錯誤都是因為拼寫錯誤,是以以後再這方面要注意