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15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節

15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節

參考自：http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/1240412

heartbeat和keepalived應用場景及差別

很多網友說為什麼不使用keepalived而使用長期不更新的heartbeat，下面說一下它們之間的應用場景及差別：

1、對于web，db，負載均衡(lvs,haproxy,nginx)等，heartbeat和keepalived都可以實作

2、lvs最好和keepalived結合，因為keepalived最初就是為lvs産生的，(heartbeat沒有對RS的健康檢查功能，heartbeat可以通過ldircetord來進行健康檢查的功能)

3、mysql雙主多從，NFS/MFS存儲，他們的特點是需要資料同步，這樣的業務最好使用heartbeat，因為heartbeat有自帶的drbd腳本

總結：

無資料同步的應用程式高可用可選擇keepalived， 

有資料同步的應用程式高可用可選擇heartbeat（DRBD） 。

1、

安裝部署準備

 （1）架構拓撲
15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節

架構說明：

一主多從最常用的架構，多個從庫可以使用lvs來提供讀的負載均衡。

解決一主單點的問題，當主庫當機後，可以實作主庫當機後備節點自動接管，所有的從庫會自動和新的主庫進行同步，實作了mysql主庫的熱備方案

（2）系統環境：

15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節
（3）部署環境
15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節
（4）主庫伺服器資料分區資訊
15、 Heartbeat+DRBD+MySQL高可用架構方案與實施過程細節
2、heatbeat安裝部署

(1)、配置伺服器間心跳連接配接路由

主節點

[ro[email protected] ~]# route add -host 172.16.4.3 dev eth2<==到對端的心跳路由

[[email protected] ~]# route add -host 172.168.4.3 dev eth3<==到對端的DRBD資料路由

備節點

[[email protected] ~]# route add -host 172.16.4.2 dev eth2

[[email protected] ~]# route add -host 172.168.4.2 dev eth3

(2)、安裝heartbeat

[[email protected] ~]# yum install heartbeat -y

[[email protected] ~]# yum install heartbeat -y

提示：需要執行兩遍安裝heartbeat操作

(3)、配置heartbeat

主備節點兩端的配置檔案(ha.cfauthkeysharesources)完全相同

1)、ha.cf

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf

#log configure

debugfile /var/log/ha-debug

logfile /var/log/ha-log

logfacility local1

#options configure

keepalive 2

deadtime 30

warntime 10

initdead 120

#bcast eth2

mcast eth2 225.0.0.7 694 1 0

#node configure

auto_failback on

node master1 <==主節點主機名

node master2 <==備節點主機名

crm no

2)、配置authkeys

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/authkeys

auth 1

1 sha1 47e9336850f1db6fa58bc470bc9b7810eb397f04

3)、配置haresources

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources

master1 IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1

#master1 IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 mysqld

說明：

drbddisk::data <==啟動drbd data資源，相當于執行/etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk data stop/start操作

Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 <==drbd分區挂載到/data目錄，相當于執行/etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem /dev/drbd1 /data ext3 stop/start <==相當于系統中執行mount /dev/drbd1 /data

mysql <==啟動mysql服務腳本，相當于/etc/init.d/mysql stop/start

(4)、啟動heartbeat

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig heartbeat off

說明：關閉開機自啟動，當伺服器重新開機時，需要人工去啟動

(5)、測試heartbeat

正常狀态

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.2/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.3/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

說明：master1節點擁有vip位址，master2節點沒有

模拟主節點當機後的狀态

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.3/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

說明：master1當機後，vip位址漂移到master2節點上，master2成為主節點

模拟主節點故障恢複後的狀态

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.2/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

說明：master1搶占vip資源

3、DRBD

安裝部署

(1)、新添加硬碟

[ro[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb               #sdb磁盤分兩個分區sdb1和sdb2

[[email protected] ~]# partprobe

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1          #sdb2分區為meta data分區，不需要格式化操作

[[email protected] ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1      #設定最大挂載數為-1

(2)、安裝DRBD

[[email protected] ~]# yum install kmod-drbd83 drbd83 -y

[[email protected] ~]# modprobe drbd               

#注意：不要設定echo 'modprobe drbd' >>/etc/rc.loca開機自動加載drbd子產品，如果drbd服務是開機自啟動的，會先啟動drbd服務在加載drbd的順序，導緻drbd啟動不了出現的問題

(3)、配置DRBD

主備節點兩端配置檔案完全一緻

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/drbd.conf

global {

# minor-count 64;

# dialog-refresh 5; # 5 seconds

# disable-ip-verification;

usage-count no;

}

common {

protocol C;

disk {

on-io-error   detach;

#size 454G;

no-disk-flushes;

no-md-flushes;

}

net {

sndbuf-size 512k;

# timeout       60;    #  6 seconds  (unit = 0.1 seconds)

# connect-int   10;    # 10 seconds  (unit = 1 second)

# ping-int      10;    # 10 seconds  (unit = 1 second)

# ping-timeout   5;    # 500 ms (unit = 0.1 seconds)

max-buffers     8000;

unplug-watermark   1024;

max-epoch-size  8000;

# ko-count 4;

# allow-two-primaries;

cram-hmac-alg "sha1";

shared-secret "hdhwXes23sYEhart8t";

after-sb-0pri disconnect;

after-sb-1pri disconnect;

after-sb-2pri disconnect;

rr-conflict disconnect;

# data-integrity-alg "md5";

# no-tcp-cork;

}

syncer {

rate 120M;

al-extents 517;

}

}

resource data {

on master1 {

device     /dev/drbd1;

disk       /dev/sdb1;

address    192.168.4.2:7788;

meta-disk  /dev/sdb2 [0];

}

on master2 {

device     /dev/drbd1;

disk       /dev/sdb1;

address    192.168.4.3:7788;

meta-disk  /dev/sdb2 [0];

}

}

(4)、初始化meta分區

[[email protected] ~]# drbdadm create-md data

Writing meta data...

initializing activity log

NOT initialized bitmap

New drbd meta data block successfully created.

(5)、初始化裝置同步(覆寫備節點，保持資料一緻)

[r[email protected] ~]# drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary data

(6)、啟動drbd

[[email protected] ~]# drbdadm up all

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig drbd off

(7)、挂載drbd分區到data資料目錄

[[email protected] ~]# drbdadm primary all

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data          #說明：/data目錄為資料庫的資料目錄

(8)、測試DRBD

正常狀态

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

ns:497984 nr:0 dw:1 dr:498116 al:1 bm:31 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

ns:0 nr:497984 dw:497984 dr:0 al:0 bm:30 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

#說明：master1為主節點，master2為備節點

模拟master1當機

[[email protected] ~]# umount /dev/drbd1

[[email protected] ~]# drbdadm down all

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:WFConnection ro:Secondary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown C r-----

ns:0 nr:497985 dw:497985 dr:0 al:0 bm:30 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

[[email protected] ~]# drbdadm primary all

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data

[[email protected] ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 19G 5.1G 13G 29% /

/dev/sda1 190M 18M 163M 10% /boot

tmpfs 60M 0 60M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/drbd1 471M 11M 437M 3% /data

#說明：master1當機後，master2可以更新為主節點，可挂載drbd分區繼續使用

4、MySQL

安裝部署

注意：三台資料庫都安裝mysql服務，master2隻安裝到makeinstall即可，mysqld服務不要設定為開機自啟動

(1)、解決perl編譯問題

echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

(2)、安裝CAMKE

cd /home/xu/tools

wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz

tar zxf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz

cd cmake-2.8.4

./configure

make & make install

(3)、建立使用者

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

(4)、編譯安裝mysql

wget http://mysql.ntu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz

tar zxf mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.27

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=complex \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

make -j 4

make install

(5)、設定mysql環境變量

[[email protected] ~]# echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>/etc/profile

[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile

(6)、初始化資料庫

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/drbd1 /data                 #說明：資料庫存放資料的目錄是drbd分區

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[[email protected] ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/ --user=mysql

(7)、啟動資料庫

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

datadir=/data                                            #說明：修改mysql啟動腳本，指定資料庫的目錄為/data

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig mysqld off

(8)、測試資料庫

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+
5、故障切換測試

(1)、架構正常狀态

master1主節點正常狀态

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.2/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

ns:39558 nr:12 dw:39570 dr:151 al:16 bm:1 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "create database coral;"

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases like 'coral';"

+------------------+

| Database (coral) |

+------------------+

| coral |

+------------------+

#說明：master1為主節點，擁有VIP位址，為drbd的主節點

master2備節點正常狀态

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.3/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

ns:0 nr:48 dw:48 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

#說明：master2備節點沒有VIP位址，為drbd備節點

(2)、模拟master1當機故障狀态

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop <==模拟master1故障當機

[[email protected] ~]# tailf /var/log/ha-log <==檢視備節點接管日志

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:09:36 info: Received shutdown notice from 'master1'.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:09:36 info: Resources being acquired from master1.

heartbeat[15293]: 2013/01/23_04:09:36 info: acquire local HA resources (standby).

heartbeat[15294]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: No local resources [/usr/share/heartbeat/ResourceManager listkeys master2] to acquire.

heartbeat[15293]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: local HA resource acquisition completed (standby).

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: Standby resource acquisition done [foreign].

harc[15319]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status

mach_down[15335]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: Taking over resource group IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1

ResourceManager[15361]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: Acquiring resource group: master1 IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 mysqld

IPaddr[15388]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 INFO: Resource is stopped

ResourceManager[15361]: 2013/01/23_04:09:37 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.4.1/16/eth1 start

IPaddr[15486]: 2013/01/23_04:09:38 INFO: Using calculated netmask for 192.168.4.1: 255.255.0.0

IPaddr[15486]: 2013/01/23_04:09:38 INFO: eval ifconfig eth1:0 192.168.4.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 192.168.255.255

IPaddr[15457]: 2013/01/23_04:09:38 INFO: Success

ResourceManager[15361]: 2013/01/23_04:09:38 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk data start

Filesystem[15636]: 2013/01/23_04:09:39 INFO: Resource is stopped

ResourceManager[15361]: 2013/01/23_04:09:39 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem /dev/drbd1 /data ext3 start

Filesystem[15717]: 2013/01/23_04:09:39 INFO: Running start for /dev/drbd1 on /data

Filesystem[15706]: 2013/01/23_04:09:39 INFO: Success

ResourceManager[15361]: 2013/01/23_04:09:40 info: Running /etc/init.d/mysqld start

mach_down[15335]: 2013/01/23_04:09:44 info: /usr/share/heartbeat/mach_down: nice_failback: foreign resources acquired

mach_down[15335]: 2013/01/23_04:09:44 info: mach_down takeover complete for node master1.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:09:44 info: mach_down takeover complete.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:10:09 WARN: node master1: is dead

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:10:09 info: Dead node master1 gave up resources.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:10:09 info: Link master1:eth2 dead.

#說明：當備節點無法檢測到主節點的心跳時，自動接管資源，啟動VIP位址、drbd服務，自動挂載drbd，啟動mysqld服務，備節點接管後，資料依然存在，檢測啟動的服務如下：

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.3/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.13 (api:88/proto:86-96)

GIT-hash: 83ca112086600faacab2f157bc5a9324f7bd7f77 build by [email protected], 2012-05-07 11:56:36

1: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

ns:3 nr:95 dw:98 dr:10 al:1 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:b oos:0

[[email protected] ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 19G 4.7G 14G 26% /

/dev/sda1 190M 18M 163M 10% /boot

tmpfs 60M 0 60M 0% /dev/shm

/dev/drbd1 471M 40M 408M 9% /data

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases like 'coral';"

+------------------+

| Database (coral) |

+------------------+

| coral |

+------------------+

(3)、模拟master1當機恢複狀态

啟動的順序是：先啟動VIP--啟動drbd資源--挂載drbd分區--啟動mysqld服務，日志如下：

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

[[email protected] ~]# tailf /var/log/ha-log

heartbeat[27970]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: Version 2 support: no

heartbeat[27970]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 WARN: Logging daemon is disabled --enabling logging daemon is recommended

heartbeat[27970]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: **************************

heartbeat[27970]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: Configuration validated. Starting heartbeat 2.1.3

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: heartbeat: version 2.1.3

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: Heartbeat generation: 1351554533

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: glib: UDP multicast heartbeat started for group 225.0.0.7 port 694 interface eth2 (ttl=1 loop=0)

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: G_main_add_TriggerHandler: Added signal manual handler

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: G_main_add_SignalHandler: Added signal handler for signal 17

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:14 info: Local status now set to: 'up'

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:16 info: Link master2:eth2 up.

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:16 info: Status update for node master2: status active

harc[27978]: 2013/01/09_17:34:16 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:17 info: Comm_now_up(): updating status to active

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:17 info: Local status now set to: 'active'

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:17 info: remote resource transition completed.

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:17 info: remote resource transition completed.

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:17 info: Local Resource acquisition completed. (none)

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:18 info: master2 wants to go standby [foreign]

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:20 info: standby: acquire [foreign] resources from master2

heartbeat[27997]: 2013/01/09_17:34:20 info: acquire local HA resources (standby).

ResourceManager[28010]: 2013/01/09_17:34:20 info: Acquiring resource group: master1 IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 mysqld

IPaddr[28037]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Resource is stopped

ResourceManager[28010]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.4.1/16/eth1 start

IPaddr[28135]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Using calculated netmask for 192.168.4.1: 255.255.0.0

IPaddr[28135]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: eval ifconfig eth1:0 192.168.4.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 192.168.255.255

IPaddr[28106]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Success

ResourceManager[28010]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk data start

Filesystem[28286]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Resource is stopped

ResourceManager[28010]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem /dev/drbd1 /data ext3 start

Filesystem[28367]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Running start for /dev/drbd1 on /data

Filesystem[28356]: 2013/01/09_17:34:21 INFO: Success

ResourceManager[28010]: 2013/01/09_17:34:22 info: Running /etc/init.d/mysqld start

heartbeat[27997]: 2013/01/09_17:34:25 info: local HA resource acquisition completed (standby).

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:25 info: Standby resource acquisition done [foreign].

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:25 info: Initial resource acquisition complete (auto_failback)

heartbeat[27971]: 2013/01/09_17:34:25 info: remote resource transition completed.

備節點釋放資源順序：停止mysqld服務--解除安裝drbd1分區--設定drbd為備節點--關閉VIP位址，日志如下：

[[email protected] ~]# tailf /var/log/ha-log

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Heartbeat restart on node master1

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Link master1:eth2 up.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Status update for node master1: status init

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Status update for node master1: status up

harc[16151]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status

harc[16167]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:53 info: all clients are now paused

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: Status update for node master1: status active

harc[16183]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: Running /etc/ha.d/rc.d/status status

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: all clients are now resumed

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: remote resource transition completed.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: master2 wants to go standby [foreign]

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: standby: master1 can take our foreign resources

heartbeat[16199]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: give up foreign HA resources (standby).

ResourceManager[16212]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: Releasing resource group: master1 IPaddr::192.168.4.1/16/eth1 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd1::/data::ext3 mysqld

ResourceManager[16212]: 2013/01/23_04:26:55 info: Running /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

ResourceManager[16212]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/Filesystem /dev/drbd1 /data ext3 stop

Filesystem[16297]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 INFO: Running stop for /dev/drbd1 on /data

Filesystem[16297]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 INFO: Trying to unmount /data

Filesystem[16297]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 INFO: unmounted /data successfully

Filesystem[16286]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 INFO: Success

ResourceManager[16212]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/drbddisk data stop

ResourceManager[16212]: 2013/01/23_04:26:57 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.4.1/16/eth1 stop

IPaddr[16445]: 2013/01/23_04:26:58 INFO: ifconfig eth1:0 down

IPaddr[16416]: 2013/01/23_04:26:58 INFO: Success

heartbeat[16199]: 2013/01/23_04:26:58 info: foreign HA resource release completed (standby).

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:26:58 info: Local standby process completed [foreign].

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:27:02 WARN: 1 lost packet(s) for [master1] [15:17]

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:27:02 info: remote resource transition completed.

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:27:02 info: No pkts missing from master1!

heartbeat[13209]: 2013/01/23_04:27:02 info: Other node completed standby takeover of foreign resources.
6、從庫同VIP同步

(1)、master配置

1)、設定server-id值并開啟Binlog參數

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin

server-id = 3

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

#注意：隻有master1有重新開機操作，master2無需重新開機操作，因為備節點的mysql是未啟動狀态，備節點隻有heartbeat才能啟動mysql

2)、授權并建立同步賬戶rep

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.4.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'rep';

(2)、slave配置

1)、設定server-id值并關閉binlog設定

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

#log-bin=mysql-bin

server-id = 4

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart          

#說明：從庫無需開啟binlog日志功能，除非有需求做級聯複制架構或對mysql增量備份操作才開啟

2)、配置同步參數

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

CHANGE MASTER TO

MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.1',

MASTER_PORT=3306,

MASTER_USER='rep',

MASTER_PASSWORD='rep',

MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',

MASTER_LOG_POS=0;

3)、檢查是否主從同步

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

mysql> show slave status\G

...

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

...

(3)、模拟高可用當機切換是否影響從庫同步

1)、主從正常狀态

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

mysql> create database coral1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running"

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases like 'coral%';"

+-------------------+

| Database (coral%) |

+-------------------+

| coral1 |

+-------------------+

2)、模拟高可用主節點當機

[roo[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat stop             #說明：模拟主節點當機

[[email protected] ~]# ip addr|grep eth1

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000

inet 192.168.4.3/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global eth1

inet 192.168.4.1/16 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global secondary eth1:0

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

mysql> create database coral2;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)                      #說明：VIP位址已經漂移到master2上面

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running"

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases like 'coral%'"

+-------------------+

| Database (coral%) |

+-------------------+

| coral1 |

| coral2 |

+-------------------+

#注意：高可用主備節點切換過程中，會有一段時間從庫才能連接配接上，大于在60秒内

#說明：此時主從同步是正常的

3)、模拟高可用主節點當機恢複

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

mysql> create database coral3;

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running"

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases like 'coral%'"

+-------------------+

| Database (coral%) |

+-------------------+

| coral1 |

| coral2 |

| coral3 |

+-------------------+

#說明：高可用主節點故障恢複後也不影響主從庫的同步
7、高可用腦裂問題及解決方案

(1)、導緻裂腦發生的原因

1、高可用伺服器之間心跳鍊路故障，導緻無法互相檢查心跳

2、高可用伺服器上開啟了防火牆，阻擋了心跳檢測

3、高可用伺服器上網卡位址等資訊配置不正常，導緻發送心跳失敗

4、其他服務配置不當等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳廣播沖突，軟體BUG等

(2)、防止裂腦一些方案

1、加備援線路

2、檢測到裂腦時，強行關閉心跳檢測(遠端關閉主節點，控制電源的電路fence)

3、做好腦裂的監控報警

4、報警後，備節點在接管時設定比較長的時間去接管，給運維人員足夠的時間去處理(人為處理)

5、啟動磁盤鎖，正在服務的一方鎖住磁盤，裂腦發生時，讓對方完全搶不走"共享磁盤資源"

磁盤鎖存在的問題：

使用鎖磁盤會有死鎖的問題，如果占用共享磁盤的一方不主動"解鎖"另一方就永遠得不到共享磁盤，假如伺服器節點突然當機或崩潰，就不可能執行解鎖指令，備節點也就無法接管資源和服務了，有人在HA中設計了智能鎖，正在提供服務的一方隻在發現心跳全部斷開時才會啟用磁盤鎖，平時就不上鎖

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/20has/1954094

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