實驗内容：
伺服器ip 192.168.1.236 安裝nginx
伺服器ip 192.168.1.208 安裝tomcat
通路192.168.1.236:8080 跳轉到192.168.1.208:8080
1.安裝nginx伺服器，首先來解決nginx的依賴關系，
[root@nginx ~]# yum groupinstall -y "development tools" "server platform deveopment"
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel pcre-devel
2.建立nginx使用者，
[root@nginx ~]# groupadd -r -g 108 nginx
[root@nginx ~]# useradd -r -g 108 -u 108 nginx
[root@nginx ~]# id nginx
uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 組=108(nginx)
3.接着我們來開始編譯和安裝，
[root@nginx src]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx src]# cd nginx-1.4.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ls
auto changes changes.ru conf configure contrib html license man readme src
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr \
> --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
> --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
> --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_flv_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
> --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
> --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
> --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
> --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
> --with-pcre
[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
說明：
nginx可以使用tmalloc(快速、多線程的malloc庫及優秀性能分析工具)來加速記憶體配置設定，使用此功能需要事先安裝gperftools，而後在編譯nginx添加--with-google_perftools_module選項即可。
如果想使用nginx的perl子產品，可以通過為configure腳本添加--with-http_perl_module選項來實作，但目前此子產品仍處于實驗性使用階段，可能會在運作中出現意外，是以，其實作方式這裡不再介紹。如果想使用基于nginx的cgi功能，也可以基于fcgi來實作，具體實作方法請參照網上的文檔。
下面我們為nginx提供sysv init腳本，
[root@mail nginx]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: nginx is an http(s) server, http(s) reverse \
# proxy and imap/pop3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# check that networking is up.
[ "$networking" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
nginx_conf_file="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -v 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -v 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -r $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $nginx_conf_file ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $nginx_conf_file
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
stop() {
echo -n $"stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -quit
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
reload() {
echo -n $"reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -hup
force_reload() {
restart
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $nginx_conf_file
rh_status() {
status $prog
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
restart|configtest)
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
force-reload)
force_reload
status)
rh_status
condrestart|try-restart)
;;
*)
echo $"usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
而後為此腳本賦予執行權限，
[root@nginx ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
添加至服務管理清單，并讓其開機自動啟動，
[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@nginx ~]# chkconfig nginx on
而後就可以啟動服務并測試了，
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx start
正在啟動 nginx： [确定]
[root@nginx ~]# netstat -ntulp
active internet connections (only servers)
proto recv-q send-q local address foreign address state pid/program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* listen 14006/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* listen 1029/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* listen 1105/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* listen 1345/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* listen 1029/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* listen 1105/master
tcp 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* listen 1345/sshd
ii
1.nginx将請求反向代理到後端tomcat
首先，我們來修改一下nginx的配置檔案
[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@nginx nginx]# vim nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
#root html;
#index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.208/; #注釋預設兩行，新增一行。
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
重新加載一下配置檔案，
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新載入 nginx： [确定]
2.nginx将圖檔緩存到本地
[root@mail nginx]# cat nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_connections 1024;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=first:10m inactive=24h max_size=1g; #建立緩存路徑與相關屬性
upstream backend { #建立後端tomcat伺服器
server 192.168.1.208:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#proxy_pass http://192.168.1.208:8080/;
proxy_pass http://backend/; #啟動後端伺服器
}
location ~* "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|html|css|js)$" { #緩存圖檔與靜态内容
proxy_pass http://backend;
proxy_cache first;
proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;#200狀态緩存24小時
proxy_cache_valid 302 10m;#302狀态緩存10分鐘
add_header x-cache-status $upstream_cache_status;#在http頭部增加一個字段顯示是否指令緩存
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
# proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param script_filename /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
# deny access to .htaccess files, if apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
# another virtual host using mix of ip-, name-, and port-based configuration
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# https server
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:ssl:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers high:!anull:!md5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
下面我們來建立緩存目錄，
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir -pv /nginx/cache
mkdir: 已建立目錄 "/nginx"
mkdir: 已建立目錄 "/nginx/cache"
測試一下配置檔案是否有錯，
[root@nginx ~]# nginx -t
重新加載配置檔案，
大家可以看到我們通路的所有的靜态内容都是命中的，x-cache-status: hit，下面們來看一下緩存的目錄，
[[root@mail nginx]# cd /nginx/cache/
[root@mail cache]# ls
2 3 5 8 a b c f
大家可以看到，緩存目錄當中有我們緩存的内容，好了到這裡我們的nginx緩存服務就配置完成了，下面我們看一下如何實作動靜分離。