Review Chairman Mao's glorious course to appreciate the style of the great man and leader, remember Chairman Mao's great achievements and praise the great people's national feelings. (14)
Nine factions contending for the tiger and leopard overturned,
The young Maundy Sword was hanging in his arms.
To split the evil waves and open the way for life,
Fear the abyss.
From left: Xiao San, Xiong Guangchu, Li Si'an, Ouyang Yusheng, Chen Shaoxiu, Chen Chunchun, Chairman Mao, Peng Huang, Liu Wangcheng, Wei Bi, Lao Junzhan, Zhou Dunxiang
In April 1917, Chairman Mao published the famous article "Research on Sports" in the name of the Twenty-Eight Painters in the "New Youth", which closely linked the physical problems of individuals with the fate of the country and the nation, expounded the four major roles of sports in "strengthening bones and bones, long knowledge, increasing feelings, and strengthening will", emphasized the idea that school education must "attach equal importance to three educations" and "sports occupy the first position", and put forward the wise thesis of "wanting to civilize its spirit, first barbarizing its physique". During his studies at the First Division, Chairman Mao insisted on cold water baths, sun baths, wind baths, rain baths, swimming, and mountaineering campshows all year round, and often invited students to participate in various fitness sports together. In 1917, he visited Changsha, Yuanjiang, Ningxiang, Anhua, Yiyang and other places on foot, and investigated the countryside through study tours, while achieving the purpose of physical exercise. He said: "If you want to finish yourself to protect your children and grandchildren, you can only temper yourself to Japan." In his view, insisting on exercising and enhancing the national physique requires sharpening oneself physically and mentally, which is a link that must be prepared to save the country and the people.
The old site of the New People's Society: Crazy Mailing House
In order to "innovate scholarship, improve character, and improve people's hearts and customs," Chairman Mao, Cai Hesen, and He Shuheng held a meeting on April 14, 1918, at the home of Cai Hesen, a "crazy person" at the foot of the Yuelu Mountains in Changsha, Hunan Province, and established the "Xinmin Society." "Shu Zhi Lu" is a tomb house built by the people of Ningxiang, Hunan Province. "沩" means "沩山" and "沩水", and "沩 idiot" means "Ningxiang people who love the mountains and waters". After the tomb keepers moved away, the Cai and Sen families rented here from 1917 to 1919. On the day of the inauguration of the Xinmin Society, in addition to Chairman Mao, Cai Hesen, and He Shuheng, 13 sponsors, including Xiao Zisheng, Chen Shaoxiu, Xiao San, Zou Yunzhen, Zhang Kundi, Chen Shunong, Zou Yiding, Zhou Mingdi, Ye Zhaozhen, and Luo Zhanglong, were also present at the meeting, as well as 8 initiators, namely Li Weihan, Zhou Shizhao, Luo Xuezhan, Xiong Guangchu, Zeng Yilu, Fu Changyu, Chen Chang, and Peng Daoliang, who were unable to attend the meeting due to the incident. At the meeting, the constitution drafted by Chairman Mao and Zou Yiding was discussed and adopted, which strictly stipulated that all members must not be hypocritical, lazy, wasteful, gambling, or prostitute. At the beginning of the establishment of the Xinmin Society, there were more than 20 members, Chairman Mao was elected as an officer, and the actual work of the conference was presided over by Chairman Mao.
Martyr Cai Hesen (1895-1931)
Martyrdom to the Police (1895-1928)
Chairman Mao had only two months to graduate from the Hunan First Division at that time, which means that he was still a teacher training student when the Xinmin Society was founded, but he formulated the policy of attaching equal importance to "foreign development" and "domestic research" for the Xinmin Society from the perspective of a strategist. The country is mainly based in Hunan, scattered to Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and other places, focusing on understanding the people's feelings and people's livelihood, running schools and lectures, and enlightening people's wisdom. Abroad, mainly in France, as well as Japan, Russia, France and Nanyang, mainly to understand the various new ideas and propositions abroad. In order to organize Hunan students to go to France for work-study, Chairman Mao went to Beijing for the first time on August 19, 1918, and arranged training courses and raised funds for Hunan students who went to France to study work-study with Cai Hesen. Through the introduction of Mr. Yang Changji, a professor at Peking University, Chairman Mao served as an assistant in the Library of Peking University, where Li Dazhao was the director, and 8 silver dollars were awarded until March 12, 1919. On March 17, 1919, the first batch of 89 students from Hunan set sail from the Huangpu River in Shanghai, and Chairman Mao, as an advocate and organizer of work-study in France, went to see them off, and was extremely pleased to see the first batch of students with their vision of a better future.
Martyr He Shuheng (1876-1935)
On January 17, 1920, before his death, Yang Changji wrote to his good friend Zhang Shizhao recommending Chairman Mao and Cai Hesen to him: "I solemnly speak jun, the second son, Hai Nei talent, has a great future, and if the king does not say anything to save the country, he will have to save the country, and to save the country, he must first have the second son." He regarded Chairman Mao as a genius of the world and hoped that Zhang Shizhao would be able to help him when necessary. At that time, in order to prepare for the founding of the party, launch a revolution, and rush to the aid of the second batch of Hunan students who went to France for work-study, Chairman Mao urgently needed a large amount of money. Each student who goes to France for work-study costs and accommodation costs about four or five hundred silver dollars, and most of these students who go to France for work-study are from cold backgrounds and it is extremely difficult for them to bear such a large expenditure, and Chairman Mao's own meagre income in the library of Peking University for half a year naturally makes him often penniless, and the various expenses and expenses that are urgently needed are not small amounts, and Chairman Mao is almost overwhelmed by this. Reluctantly, he had to come to Shanghai in May 1920 with Yang Changji's recommendation letter to find Zhang Shizhao, hoping that he could provide some help.
Martyr Guo Liang (1901-1928)
In 1919, Zhang Shizhao met Chairman Mao for the first time in a lecture at Peking University and had a brief conversation, praising Chairman Mao, and as soon as the lecture ended, he went straight to Yang Changji's home without taking a break, and said to him in a firm tone: "Runzhijun has the appearance of heavenly eyes, the posture of dragons and phoenixes, such a son-in-law is called unparalleled in the world, I raise my hands in approval!" approve! Then he said, "Mr. Yang, don't hesitate, and give him miss Xu." Although Chairman Mao and the martyr Yang Kaihui were said to have joined in free love, from a certain point of view, it was Mr. Zhang Shizhao's high recognition of the chairman who ultimately contributed to their marriage.
Martyr Xia Xi (1901-1936)
Zhang Shizhao read Mr. Yang Changji's recommendation letter and was determined to help Chairman Mao no matter what. After his many efforts, he finally raised 20,000 silver dollars and handed them over to Chairman Mao. In 1963, Chairman Mao said to Zhang Hanzhi, Zhang Shizhao's adopted daughter: "Where does the old man know that the money he raised has helped the Communist Party a lot." At that time, part of the money was used for a group of comrades to go to Europe, and the other part was used by us to go back to Hunan to rebel and make a revolution! It was also from 1963 that Chairman Mao used his own writing fees to receive Mr. Zhang Shizhao's medical expenses and daily living expenses, and the loan and interest of 20,000 yuan were not fully repaid in this way until 1973. The so-called loan and interest were actually Chairman Mao's own meaning, and the elderly Zhang Shizhao was completely only funded to solve Chairman Mao's urgent needs, and never thought of asking Chairman Mao to repay the loan, let alone that one day Chairman Mao would pay it off in this way. Mr. Zhang Shizhao died of illness in 1973 at the age of 92.
On May 8, 1920, after Chairman Mao raised money, the second batch of Hunan students went to France for work-study and study. Chairman Mao, Li Si'an, Peng Huang, and 12 other members of the Xinmin Society, including Chen Zanzhou and Xiao San, who are about to go to France, held a farewell meeting at the Bansong Garden in Nanshi City, Shanghai, and discussed the tasks of the Xinmin Society, the principles of the Society's activities, and the conditions for its members to join the Association. In his speech at the farewell party, Chairman Mao stressed that the society should have a common purpose, common research, and common action, and advocated that the purpose of the Xinmin Society is to "transform China and the world," and its nature has changed from an academic group to a revolutionary group. The meeting stipulated that the style of the Xinmin Society is: potential and practical, not vain, not out of the limelight. It is stipulated that all new members of the New People's Society must possess the qualities of "purity", "sincerity", "struggle" and "obedience to the truth". In July 1920, the members of the Xinmin Society who studied in France met in Montagny, France, and the meeting was presided over by Xiao Zisheng, who conveyed the issues discussed at the Shanghai Bansongyuan Conference and Chairman Mao's suggestions and propositions for the members in France. At the Montani Conference, Cai Hesen explicitly proposed to "form a Communist Party." In September, In a 6,000-word letter to Chairman Mao, Cai and Sen more firmly argued that "a Chinese Communist Party must be formally established in a blatant manner." Chairman Mao replied in a letter, saying, "I have not approved a single word of disapproval."
Martyr Luo Xuezhan (1893-1930)
At this point, the Xinmin Society, from the academic group of intellectuals who "went up" and "sought friendship and helped each other" at the time of its founding, developed into a revolutionary group that actively fought, vigorously led and carried out a series of democratic revolutionary practice activities: organized work-study trips to France, led the Hunan 'May Fourth' movement, founded the Xiangjiang Review and the Progressive Culture Book Club, expelled the warlord Zhang Jingyao, and participated in the Hunan autonomy movement, which greatly promoted the development process of China's democratic revolution and cultivated a large number of talents for the Chinese communist movement. Among these talents, there were more than a dozen who successively served as members of the CPC Central Committee, including Chairman Mao, Cai Hesen, Xiang Jingyu, Li Weihan, Luo Zhanglong, Yi Lirong, Cai Chang, and Xie Jueya. As the pioneers of China's democratic revolution and national liberation, they bowed their hearts and guts, bowed their heads, and were not afraid of sacrifice, and many members sacrificed themselves on the long journey before the founding of the People's Republic of China, including Cai Hesen (1895-1931), He Shuheng (1876-1935), Xiang Jingyu (1895-1928), Guo Liang (1901-1928), Xia Xi (1901-1936), Luo Xuezhan (1893-1930), Zhang Kundi (1894-1932), Chen Chang (1994-1932) 1894-1930)。
Martyr Zhang Kundi (1894-1932)
In old China, where warlords were divided, foreign tribes invaded, tigers and leopards were rampant, and rich wolves were in charge, these young students consciously went to the revolutionary road of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism in order to save the people from water and fire, and they did not know the hardships of the journey and the hardships of the road ahead, but they resolutely moved forward and did not hesitate, as Mr. Lu Xun said, "I may as well take a big stride toward the road that I think I can go, even if there are abysses, thorns, narrow valleys, and fire pits in front of them." ”
Martyr Chen Chang (1894-1930)