In the five thousand years of China, the most important thing is to not let the heroes of the scarf with eyebrows be shaved. More than 2,000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, our Chinese ancestors faced the threat of a powerful and cunning enemy, the Xiongnu. In order to defeat the Xiongnu, there was a group of women who gave everything for the Han Dynasty, and lady Feng was the best of them.
In order to defeat the Xiongnu, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty adhered to the wisdom of the previous generation and established the policy of "cutting off the right arm of the Xiongnu". That is to say, to take the "Xiongnu Right Land", the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions, from the hands of the Xiongnu.
First, Emperor Wudi of Han launched the Battle of Hexi, which opened the way to the Western Regions; later, Emperor Wudi of Han launched the Battle of Dawan, in the name of obtaining the sweat and blood of Tianma, he sent tens of thousands of troops across the entire Western Regions, and surrendered the military strength of the Han Dynasty to Central Asia west of the Pamir Plateau.
In this way, the Han Dynasty continued to release its power to the Western Regions, and the Western Regions, which were originally subordinate to the Xiongnu, gradually moved closer to the Han Dynasty. However, the Western Regions were too far away after all, and under the conditions at that time, the Han Dynasty was still somewhat out of reach. Therefore, Emperor Wu of Han decided to prop up a western power and make them allies of the Han Dynasty, threatening the hinterland of the Xiongnu from the west.
After choosing, Emperor Wu of Han decided to marry Wusun, the strongest country in the Western Regions at that time. Wusun, the ancestor of today's Kazakh people, lived in the northern part of present-day Xinjiang. According to the Book of Han · According to the "Tale of the Western Regions", during the Western Han Dynasty, the Wusun Kingdom had about 630,000 people, while the other Western Regions countries had a total of only 325,000 people. That is, the population of Wusun is nearly 1 times larger than the total population of other countries in the western region.
Compared with other city-states in the Western Regions, Wusun was closer to a nomadic state with the same form of government as the Xiongnu. Because of the relative strength of the Wusun, they only superficially obeyed the leadership of the Xiongnu, but in fact they "took the subordinates and refused to go to the court." In other words, Wusun has a certain degree of independence.
At first, Emperor Wu of Han hoped that Wusun would migrate to the Hexi region to defend the borders of the Han Dynasty. After being rejected, Emperor Wu of Han decided to renew the policy of peace and pro-peace. During the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Hanzong's daughter Princess Liu Xijun of Jiangdu married Wusun, thinking that Kun Mo (the king of Wusun Kingdom) was the right lady of the arrogant.
The Han Dynasty used the method of harmony to win over Wusun, which greatly frightened the Xiongnu, so the Xiongnu Shan Yu also married his daughter to hunter Jiaojing. For a time, the Princess of the Han Dynasty and the Princess of the Xiongnu served the Hunters at the same time, which was really not prestigious. It can be seen that Wusun on the one hand balanced between the two major forces of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and at the same time wanted to use the two major forces to elevate himself. Nevertheless, the original purpose of the Han Dynasty in uniting with Wusun and restraining the Xiongnu was basically achieved.
Due to her advanced age, The Hunter was too proud to be able to bear the young Princess Xiaojun. Therefore, he let his grandson Jun Xujing "inherit" the princess of the Han Dynasty. For Princess Xiaojun, although Junsu Jing was similar to her own age, after all, she was her own grandchild, and the marriage between the two was almost incest. In this regard, Princess Xiaojun had vigorously argued with Emperor Wu of Han, but for the sake of the overall situation, Emperor Wu of Han still let her "conform to her customs".
After the death of Hunter Jiaojing, Junsu Jing succeeded Kun Mo's position. However, Princess Xiaojun died of illness in the distant western region due to homesickness and dissatisfaction with water and soil. In order to maintain his relationship with Wusun, Emperor Wu of Han also married Liu Xieyou, the daughter of the King of Chu, to Junsu Jing as a princess.
Along with Princess Jieyou, there was also a maid surnamed Feng, Feng Yan, and it was this lowly maid who had made unimaginable contributions to the country.
Compared with princess Xiaojun, who complained all day long, Princess Jieyou actively participated in politics and tried her best to pull her husband to the side of the Han Dynasty. And Feng Yan, who was resourceful and able to speak eloquently, became the biggest military master of Princess Jie. In order to allow Feng Yan to participate in the country's major politics in a justified manner, Princess Jieyou married her to a high-powered right general as a queen.
In this way, Xie Wei and Feng Yan formed a horn inside and outside the court of the Wusun King, constantly compressing the political space of the Xiongnu princess in Wusun. Because Feng Yan was knowledgeable, intelligent and knowledgeable, she won the unanimous approval of Wusun and was honored as Lady Feng.
Due to the outstanding efforts of Jieyou and Feng in Wusun, the Xiongnu forces were completely expelled from Wusun. The Xiongnu were terrified when they saw Wusun fall to the Han Dynasty, so they issued an ultimatum to Wusun, demanding that the princess of Jieyou be handed over, otherwise they would send a large army to fight. Subsequently, Princess Jieyou urgently asked Emperor Xuan of Han and Huo Guang for help, asking the Han Dynasty to protect Wusun.
After Emperor Xuan of Han received the news, he immediately sent Fan Mingyou and five other generals to lead an army of 180,000 to attack the Xiongnu. The Han envoy stationed in Wusun, Changluo Hou Changhui, led the Wusun army to attack from the right. Under the joint attack of the Han Dynasty and Wusun, the Xiongnu suffered an unprecedented defeat, losing tens of thousands of soldiers and horses.
In the second year of Yuan Kang (64 BC), in order to further strengthen ties with the Han and prevent the Xiongnu from counterattacking, Wusun Kunmion returned to The Han Dynasty and proposed to establish Sun Yuangui as his heir, and requested that "the princess of The Restoration of The Han Be restored, married and remarried, and the Xiongnu were exterminated." Emperor Xuan of Han agreed to this peace and made Liu Xiangfu, the daughter of Princess Jie's younger brother, the princess of peace.
Who knew that he and the pro-team walked halfway, but got the news of Weng Guijing's death. Due to the young age of Yuan Guijing, he lacked the support of courtiers. Therefore, Wusun's former courtiers made Weng Guijing's cousin, the Xiongnu grandson Nijing (i.e., the Mad King), a Kunmi. For a time, the Han Dynasty's operation in Wusun was at risk of abandoning its previous achievements.
However, the Mad King Nijing was afraid of the crusade of the Han Dynasty, so he still used the Wusun custom to "inherit" princess Zhiyou and gave birth to a child. However, from the bottom of his heart, Ni Jing is still biased towards the Xiongnu, so he has many contradictions with the Princess of Jieyou. For the benefit of the Han Dynasty, Princess Jieyou joined forces with the Wusun nobles to set up a feast for the brutal mud and stabbed him to death.
After nishi was injured and fled, he immediately fell into a situation of rebellion. Wu, the son of the previous king Weng Guijing, took the opportunity to stand on his own and killed Ni Jing. Like Ni Jing, Wu Justu was also born to a Xiongnu princess. Upon hearing this news, Emperor Xuan of Han, with the Qiang general Xin Wuxian as his commander, sent 15,000 troops to prepare to destroy Wusun in one fell swoop.
However, the destruction of Wusun was not in the long-term interests of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Zheng Ji, the capital of the Western Regions, found Feng Yan and hoped that she would persuade Wu Justu to let him defect to the side of the Han Dynasty. After Receiving the order, Feng Yan immediately went to the Wulu Massacre and preached to him the virtues of the Han Dynasty, while she also threatened:
"If the Han soldiers come out, they will be destroyed, so it is better to descend!"
Hearing that the Han Dynasty army had fallen, Wu was terrified, so he asked Feng Yan to convey his message to the emperor: "I am willing to be a little king!" ”
Subsequently, Emperor Xuan of Han summoned Feng Yan back to Chang'an to understand the situation in Wusun, listened to her personal report, and solicited her opinions on the handling of the dispute. In Feng Yan's view, for Wusun, there is no need to send a large army to fight, but it can be resolved peacefully.
After listening to Feng Yan's opinion, Emperor Xuan of Han made an unprecedented decision, that is, to let Feng Yanjinche hold the festival and go to Wusun again as an envoy of the Han Dynasty. And Feng Yan also became the first officially recognized female diplomat in China's history.
For Feng Yan's mission, the account of the Zizhi Tongjian is very brief. However, in the 1980s, a large number of Han Jian were found in the Dunhuang Hanging Spring area of Gansu Province, revealing some details of Feng Yan's mission for us.
According to the Hanging Spring Han Jian record:
In February of the second year of Ganlu, Gengchen Shuo Cheng, the fish left the place of Shifu Yu shift county (hanging) Quan placed, sent Zuo Guang to hold ten horses, for Lady Feng Pillar, 穬穬麦小卅二石七斗, and 茭廿 2 stones and two jun. Now write coupon ink to move the book to, subject to thin (book) into, March report, no order Miao (fallacy), such as the law order.
"In April of the second year of Ganlu, Gengshen Shuo Ding was ugly, and the music official Ling Chong dared to say it: the edict was sent to the general of the Qiang Dynasty, the lieutenant of the Chuanqu School, and the emissary Lady Feng. The military officials were far away to Dunhuang County. Military officials march in the morning and at night, the officials chase the horses before and after, the horses are urgently needed, or abandoned, and the demands are not obtained, and the knights Zhang Shi and others are sent to find and chase each one, but the government tells the ministry, the county, the official, the side county, and the person who gets this horse is the same as the world. Dare I say it. ”
The above records can be referred to in the Zizhi Tongjian (Zizhi Tongjian) "Lady Feng Jinche holds the festival, Zhao Wu slaughters the chief Luo Hou Chigu City, Li Yuan Guijing is the Great Kunmi, Wu is slaughtered as the Small Kunmi, and all are given the seal silk". That is to say, in less than two months from late February to mid-April of ganlu II, Feng Yan departed from Dunhuang County to Chang'an, and then departed from Chang'an to Return to Jiuquan County, and then to Wusun.
Seeing the records here made the scholars very excited, and they said: "Feng Yan, the heroine, we finally saw it in the first-hand historical materials." ”
Arriving at Wusun, Lady Feng summoned Wuwantu to Chigu City in the name of the emperor, and established Yuan Guijing, a grandson of the Han Dynasty, as the Great Kunmi, and Wu justu as the Little Kunmi, and Xin Wuxian's Han army was no longer out of the jam.
This canonization is a major event in the history of the relationship between Han and Wusun, marking that Wusun has changed from an original ally to a vassal state of the Han Dynasty. The Western Regions, on the other hand, completely became the territory of the Han Dynasty, and the xiongnu's right arm was completely cut off. In this regard, the two heroes of Jieyou Princess and Feng Yan are indispensable.
Princess Jieyou saw that wusun's general situation had been determined, and she was already over seventy years old. So she wrote to Emperor Xuan of Han in the third year of Ganlu (51 BC), hoping to return to China before her death and be buried on the land of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Xuan of Han considered that she had lived in a foreign land for most of her life, worked for the country, and contributed to the Han Dynasty, so he sent someone to take Liu Xieyou and Feng Yan back to Chang'an together, and took care of Liu Xieyou's diet and living with the princess ceremony. Feng Yan was also treated with generous courtesy.
In 49 BC, the Princess jie, who sacrificed her happiness and made a contribution to the country, died. After Yuan Guijing's death, his son Xingjing took the throne. Due to the lack of rule by Xingjing, Wusun resumed civil unrest. Feng Yan, who was already old and longzhong, once again took the orders of Emperor Yuan of Han and once again sent an envoy to Wusun, and finally stabilized the situation in Wusun for the second time.
Princess Jieyou and Feng Yan, as daughters, gave up the relatively prosperous life in China, rooted in a foreign land for decades, and finally made great contributions to the great cause of the Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu. It is "Jin chariot out of the jam to send busy, dedicated to the long talent belongs to the girl, read the history of the Su Wu Festival, whisker eyebrows and flow fang." ”
After reading the story of Madame Feng and Princess Jie, I don't know if everyone is amazed by the great deeds of these two heroes. If you want to learn more about the wisdom of history and remember the heroes who made outstanding contributions to the great cause of national reunification, you can read more "Zizhi Tongjian". After all, in all the history books, the Zizhi Tongjian is almost a book that can comprehensively improve the quality of people in all aspects, and after reading it, it is equivalent to living for 1300 more years.
But for the general public, reading the text is still more difficult. Therefore, Tao Tao recommends a set of good books to everyone - "Vernacular Zizhi Tongjian". This set of books was co-translated in the 1980s by Huang Jinfeng, professor of Chinese language and doctoral supervisor of National Taiwan University, and a collection of 27 professors and scholars, which lasted for three years.
Because the scholars who compiled this book are all Guoxue masters, this set of books is by no means the Zizhi Tongjian that is shoddily made and carries private goods on the market now. Instead, it respects the original text, translates it word by word, and adds no more than one word, so as to get close to and restore the original meaning of the "Zizhi Tongjian". It is not explained by a "modern vision", and it is even more uneven. As a history lover, it is very cost-effective to start this set, because this set of activities in the headlines, a set of ten books, the original price of 498, now the headline readers as long as 208, it can be said that it is very valuable. You can click on the link below to purchase. The previous 13,000 copies were sold out, and now a new batch is added, and the quantity is not much, and it is almost out of stock:
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