Introduction: A while ago, the Chinese diplomatic group exploded alaska, which made people's eyes turn to the mysterious and special group of diplomats. Today we will tell the story of the first clearly documented female diplomat in China's history, a story from maid to ambassador.
01 Out of the Country of Wusun
In 101 BC, Liu Xijun, a princess of the Kingdom of He and the Pro-Wusun Kingdom, died. This made Emperor Wu of Han a little distressed. The "chess pieces" he sent were only 4 years old, scrapped in advance, and he had to think about how to play the next chess pieces.
During the Western Han Dynasty, wusun had 120,000 households, about 630,000 people, and more than 180,000 victorious soldiers, while the other 30 countries in the western region had a total population of only 325,000. Therefore, it was of positive strategic significance to win over the State of Wusun against the Xiongnu.
At this time, the Han Dynasty was not strong enough, and Gaozu's policy of peace after the "Siege of Baideng" had to continue to be used. Therefore, the top priority of Emperor Wudi of Han was to quickly find a successor, otherwise the west wind of the "Left Lady" whom the Xiongnu married at the same time would overwhelm the east wind.
This time, liu xieyou, the granddaughter of liu peng, the king of Chu, was a weak princess who was burdened with family guilt.
During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han, Liu Peng rebelled with Liu Hao, the King of Wu, and participated in the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. Dou Bao and Zhou Yafu quelled the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and Liu Peng committed suicide after defeat, but his family was affected. After Princess Jieyou became a sinner, she could only accept fate's arrangement for her.
In 105 BC, the successor Princess Jieyou married Wusun Guo. She was accompanied by a maid named Feng Yan.
As a humble maid, Feng Yan's origin and age are not recorded in history, but she must be a beautiful, intelligent, and strong-willed woman.
From the bustling Chang'an Avenue to the Wusun Kingdom thousands of miles away, the princess felt pressured. One day she was still a weak woman in the deep palace, but on the other day she had to carry the heavy trust of her homeland.
At this time in Wusun, the two forces of pro-Han and pro-Xiongnu were disappearing one after another, and the Xiongnu princess who was looking at the tiger would never sit still. The Princess of Relief definitely has to do more than win the favor of King Wusun and give birth to the future king.
But where did she start? Fortunately, there is Feng Yan.
Since we have come here, we are either living happily and happily, or we are struggling with grievances, so it is better to fight hard, and it is also a mission.
Princess Jieyou died not long after marrying Junsu Jing, and Junsu Jing's son was still underage, and the position of king was ceded to Junsu Jing's cousin, Weng Guijing. According to the customs of the Wusun Kingdom, Princess Jieyou remarried to the new king, Weng Guijing.
Princess Jieyou and Weng Guijing have a very beautiful relationship. She gave birth to three sons and two daughters, the eldest son Yuan Guijing as Crown Prince Wusun, the second son as King Shache, the third son as Wusun Zuo General, the eldest daughter as Lady Guizi Wang, and the younger daughter as Lady Wusun Ruohu Linghou. Huge in-laws were connected into a network, helping the Han Empire consolidate its grip on the Western Regions.
Feng Yan, on the other hand, was busy with the peripheral route.
Feng Yan was born intelligent and well-written, she soon learned to ride a horse, and in just a few years, she became familiar with the language and customs of the Western Regions.
Princess Jieyou was inconvenient to show her face, so Feng Yan took her place in the horse ranch, in and out of the felt tent, strengthened communication with the local people, and conveyed the friendship of the Han Empire.
She also obeyed the orders of the imperial court to visit neighboring countries on behalf of Princess Jieyou as an envoy to preach the indoctrination of the Han Dynasty. She was generous and modest, speaking the local language fluently and pleasantly, which made the monarchs of all countries praise her, and she was a good envoy.
Gradually, Feng Yan gained fame in the Western Regions, and everyone respected her as Lady Feng.
At this time, Wusun's right general asked Feng Yan to marry him, considering that he had a high prestige in the court, becoming his wife would greatly enhance the pro-Han forces, and Feng Yan agreed. The Right Admiral is also very fond of this beautiful and intelligent wife, and the two people and Hemei are very affectionate.
In this way, with the joint efforts of Princess Jieyou and Feng Yan, the relationship between Wusun And the Han Dynasty became more friendly and close.
02 Two out of the Country of Wusun
Fast forward, 40 years have passed.
In 60 BC, that is, the second year of the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Xuandi, Weng Gui died. For a time, who would succeed to the throne became the focus of the court's struggle.
Before weng Guijing died, he naturally wanted to pass the throne to yuan guijing, the son of princess Jie, but the minister of Wusun state insisted that the will of junsu jing was temporarily passed to his cousin Weng Guijing, and that he would return the throne to his son Ni jing after his death.
Under the dispute, Ni Jing ascended to the throne, and the princess who was already a half-old woman had to marry Ni Jing again, that is, her previous stepson.
How sad it is to kiss the princess.
Ni Jing is a cruel person who makes a mess of the church.
In 53 BC, in the first year of Emperor Xuan's reign, Wu Yutu (the son of Weng Guijing and the Xiongnu daughter) rebelled and raised an army to kill Ni jing.
The descendants of the Xiongnu, Wu, became king and made the Wusun kingdom fall to the Xiongnu, which was absolutely intolerable to the Han Dynasty.
Emperor Xuan immediately dispatched the Qiang general Xin Wuxian to lead five thousand troops out of Dunhuang to attack Wudu. The great war was imminent, but Zheng Ji, the capital of the Western Regions, was worried that the Daoyuan soldiers were laboring, and the victory or defeat was unpredictable, so it was better to let Wu Yutu automatically give way, so that it would not cost the soldiers to solve the crisis in front of them, which was also a fortunate thing.
Who's going to persuade Uchiha? At this time, Zheng Ji thought of a person, and the heavy responsibility of persuading Wu Totu was none other than her, and this person was Feng Yan.
At this time, Feng Yan was an old woman, and when she heard Zheng Ji's suggestion, she agreed with her mouth when she knew everything.
Feng Yan's husband, the Right Admiral, and Wu Justu had always had a good relationship, so Wu Rentu also had great respect for Feng Yan. When Feng Yan saw him, she said, "Kunmi (King Wusun) raised an army today, which is gratifying and congratulatory, but there are joys and worries, and after congratulations, he has to be mourned." ”
Wu Yu tu listened, "Is there any misfortune?" Feng Yan said, "The Han army has already arrived in Dunhuang, do you think you can fight Kunmi?" Wu Yutu thought about it for half a day, and he said that he might not be able to fight. Feng Yan hurriedly went further and said, "Since you can't fight, why call yourself a king, once the Han army comes, it can only be destroyed, it is better to take advantage of this to retreat, obey the Orders of the Han Dynasty, and still preserve the wealth." ”
Wu Yutu thought that this was indeed the case, so he quickly said, "I can let Kunmi out and ask the Han Dynasty to give me a title." Feng Yan immediately agreed, "This is definitely no problem." ”
In this way, Feng Yan surrendered Wu Gangtu with her words and avoided a big war. The woman's lips and tongue are worth an army. Emperor Xuan of Han marveled at Feng Yan's talent and immediately summoned her.
In late February 52 BC, in the second year of Emperor Xuan's reign, Feng Yan set out from Dunhuang Commandery to Chang'an to emperor Xuan of Han. Although she was already an old woman as white as snow, Feng Concubine was polite and generous, and she answered everything she asked, which made Emperor Xuan of Han very satisfied.
Therefore, Emperor Xuan of Han appointed Feng Yan as an envoy, and sent the guru Zhu Ci and Zhimen Gan Yanshou as deputy envoys to escort Feng Yan again to the Western Regions.
In mid-April, Feng Yan took the Jinche and set off with the Han Festival in hand, and the so-called "Jinche Envoy" allusion originated from this. She returned from Chang'an to Jiuquan County, and then to Wusun.
Nishiki car make
She read the edict on behalf of the Han Dynasty, establishing Yuan Guijing as the Great Kunmi (Wusun Wang), and Wu Tu as the Little Kunmi, and drew a clear line for the two to avoid disputes. Wu Yu tu got what he wanted, and naturally he was overjoyed. Once again, calm was restored in the kingdom of Wusun.
In this way, Feng Yan relied on her own eloquence and composure to successfully resolve the biggest crisis since the Han Dynasty cooperated with Wusun. Moreover, this canonization marked the transformation of Wusun from an original ally into a vassal state of the Han Dynasty.
Yuan Guijing died less than two years after he ascended the throne, and his son, Xingjing, the grandson of Princess Jieyou, succeeded to the throne.
At this time, Princess Jieyou was over seventy years old, already a dying old woman, and seeing that the years were not much, she longed to return to her motherland and be buried in the land of the Han Dynasty.
In 51 BC, in the third year of Emperor Xuan of Han's reign, Princess Jieyou wrote to request her return to China, and Emperor Xuan of Han agreed.
When she left, she was still an ignorant girl, and when she returned, she was already a dying old woman. In the 50 years of Wusun, Princess Jieyou and Feng Yan supported each other and did their best to fulfill their mission.
03 Three out of Wusun
Feng Yan and Liu Xieyou returned to Chang'an together, and Emperor Xuan of Han took care of Liu Xieyou's diet and living with the gift of a princess, and also gave Feng Yan extremely preferential treatment.
The rest of the years seem to be just quietly waiting to grow old. Who knows, heaven actually sent a heavy responsibility to Feng Yan again.
The successor Xingjing had a weak personality and lacked the ability to govern the country, and the division of the big and small Kunmi also caused chaos in the political situation of the Wusun state, and for a time there were waves in wusun. The painstaking operation of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions once again faced a dangerous situation of failure.
At this time, Feng Yan, who was in Chang'an but had always been concerned about Wusun, heard the news, and she was anxious and uneasy in her heart.
Once Wusun was in chaos, the efforts of the Han Dynasty were wasted, and I don't know which poor woman would be sent to peace with her, and the sacrifices of princess and herself, as well as Xiao Jun, would be in vain?
Feng Yan wrote to Emperor Yuan of Han, requesting that Wusun be sent to appease Xingjing.
In this way, Feng Yan, who was nearly ancient, sent an envoy to Wusun for the third time, and she relied on her prestige and wisdom in the Western Regions to help Xingjing to lobby all sides, and the Han court gave Wusun the great officials, dalu, and dajian and other golden seals and purple silks to encourage them to assist Dakun Mi Xingjing.
With the efforts of Feng Yan, the situation in Wusun state stabilized again, and the friendly relations between the Han Dynasty and Wusun were maintained.
At this time, Feng Yan decided to accompany the Right General and sue the old Xi'an. In this distant place, she guards the stability of the great Han, and also guards the peace that she and the princess of Reconciliation once exchanged for her youth.
epilogue
Exchanging the youth and happiness of a weak woman for the tranquility of the border was helpless for the Han Dynasty, but it was also a stopgap measure.
"The dust of history falls on everyone's head is a mountain." Feng Yan is in a difficult place, but she does not fail in her mission, she has courage and insight, extraordinary talent and foresight, she has both political talent and diplomacy, bursting out the most brilliant light of life in the vast grassland, and she is indeed a strange woman!