I don't know who wrote the history 003 - Zheng Ji

Keep dreaming.

The guest invited today is still the first strategist in the world during the Qin and Han dynasties, Mr. Zhang Liang.

Zhang Liang: Friends in front of the TV, everyone is late ~ on ~ good.

I asked, why did Emperor Wudi of Han send Zhang Qian on an envoy to the Western Regions?

He said that the original intention was to unite many small countries in the western region to jointly fight against the Xiongnu, especially the Dayue clan, they had fought with the Xiongnu, they lost, the head of the boss of the Great Moon clan was taken to make a wine cup, it was not a common heavenly vendetta, at that time Emperor Wu of Han felt that this was an opportunity, the enemy of the enemy was a friend, and he sent people to the Great Moon Clan to make an alliance, so he sent Zhang Qian as an envoy.

I asked, what was Zhang Qian's position in the palace at that time?

He said that the attendant officer could be understood as the secretary of life.

I asked, how much did the Western Han Dynasty know about the Western Regions at that time?

He said that it is basically physical insulation, and little is known, mostly some rumors.

I said, so Zhang Qian helped the Western Han Dynasty open the eyes of heaven.

He said it was more appropriate to understand him as a scout.

I asked, Zhang Qian or Columbus, which makes more sense?

He said that all make sense, and it should be said that without foreign advanced civilizations, local races may never be able to develop new technologies and new civilizations. If there is no difference, it is that the Western Regions are two sides fighting, and Columbus is exploring the unknown world.

I asked, at that time, the western region, many countries, were independent, or in whose hands? For example, the legendary Lou Lan.

He said that similar to the model of our Central Plains princely states, although they were independent states, they were slave states and were controlled by the Xiongnu.

I asked, why are the Huns so hard to fight?

He said, just look at the map, we are mainly farming, mainly in the Central Plains, they are nomadic, east to Daxing'anling, west to Kazakhstan, are natural grasslands, we each have a stronghold on which to survive, they can not attack, we can not attack, mainly too far, do you know how far Xi'an is from Urumqi? Almost 2500 kilometers, even today, how long do you have to drive? Two or three days, right? Besides, when we marched on foot? Such a long front could not be supplied at all, long-term combat was very fragile, and Hitler would not have lost if he had not pulled such a long front in the Soviet Union.

I said, therefore, we and the Huns have always been occasionally offended and do not interfere with each other.

He said that it was almost such a state, and when the fight was fierce, he was close to him, and at that time the Central Plains was very small, and you could see where the Yanmen Gate was closed today, in Xinzhou, Shanxi.

I asked, in general, are they afraid of us, or are we afraid of them?

He said that we are afraid that they are more, they are a nation on horseback, they can eat beef jerky for a long time, that is, they have the ability to fight at a long distance, and we can't, which is why Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of the Great Wall, if they are afraid of us, they should build the Great Wall.

I said, in fact, they took our land and couldn't stay.

He said that when the emperor is the same as opening a company, expansion is human nature, so we also want to take down the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu also want to take us, we don't consider whether the grassland is useful to us, they don't consider whether the Central Plains are useful to them, anyway, they want to eat each other, so as to expand control, you see today's large enterprises, which says not to expand? They are all expanding lifelessly.

I asked, why are today's countries generally not expanding?

He said that it is still expanding, but the way of expansion has changed, for example, the United Kingdom exports English and local culture, the United States exports the US dollar, Japan exports technology and brand, South Korea exports entertainment culture, that is, the territory area is not the most important point of competition, you see Japanese brands, in the global factory, in the global sales, this is their expansion, why we are working hard to do the Belt and Road, but also cultural output, trade output, equal to invisibly expanding the territory and the influence of culture in the world.

I asked, how long did it take Zhang Qian to go to the Western Regions?

He said that for more than ten years, this brother was actually quite unlucky, just out of the house, he was captured alive by the Xiongnu, after being caught alive, he wanted to domesticate him, marry him a daughter-in-law or the like, he also pretended to live there with peace of mind, so after ten years, he did not forget his original heart, fled, continued to travel west, he wanted to find the Great Moon Clan, persuaded them to unite with the Han Dynasty to fight against the Xiongnu, took a lot of effort, and finally found it, and the result was that the Great Moon Clan said, The past is the past, the present, in the past we did have a vendetta against the Xiongnu, But today we don't violate the river water, each for its own peace, there is no revenge, you go back, so this brother again circled around the countries in the western region, but also persuaded several countries to be pro-Han, on the way back, they were captured by the Xiongnu again, and they were put under house arrest for more than a year before returning to Chang'an.

I said, that's really crooked.

He said that the person who really opened up the situation in the western region was called Zheng Ji.

I said, rarely hear of this name.

He said that there are few historical records, the place of birth is unknown, the cemetery is unknown, and he is a person who will be an auditor.

I said, will ji shan there.

He said, no, it was Wu County, which is today's Suzhou, and the provincial capital of Huijian at that time was Wu County.

I asked, is Zheng Ji an aristocrat?

He said that this is really not true, he is a series of three series, starting from the ranks, step by step, and finally becoming the governor of the province, the technical term is called the first capital protector of the Western Regions, which can be understood as the first commander-in-chief of the construction corps.

I said that Zhang Qian was much more famous than him.

He said, yes, but the one who really opened up the situation in the western region was Zheng Ji, who fought with the Xiongnu for so many years, and the leadership at that time also understood, because we were too far away from the Xiongnu, even if we beat them away, it was also a palliative and not a cure, because the front line was too long, we could not advance, this is like our South China Sea line, why vietnam and the Philippines always make trouble? Because in the past the distance was too far, beyond our patrol radius, unless what happened? We reclaimed the sea there to build islands, build airports, set up supply stations, then our patrol radius will then be larger, Sansha City is set up like this, the same reason, how can we fight a protracted war with the Xiongnu? That is, we must adopt the strategy of tun tian, not that we transport grain and grass in the past, but that we directly go to the past to open up the land, cultivate the fields in the past, and set up agricultural bases, which can be separated from the subsidies of the Central Plains.

I said, and from there, the Silk Road began.

He said that in the past, there has always been trade, but it is limited to neighboring countries, and there is no large-span trade, because the small countries along the way are too small, and their pattern is also small, and they think that the collection of tariffs has come quickly. Zheng Ji played a coordinating role, setting up standards, setting up escorts, and opening up the channel.

I said, explaining that Xinjiang has been An inalienable territory of China since ancient times.

He said, yes, since Zheng Ji, it has been more than 2,000 years of history.

I asked, why do the history books describe Zheng Ji so little?

He said that he has been in the western region for many years, just like today's ambassador to Africa, the domestic media has less contact, naturally there is less description, this is very normal, Zhang Qian did not get anything but a name, and he did not say that he became the first commander-in-chief, it can also be said that he was the governor, I am still the previous point of view, whether a person has real ability, it depends on whether he was reused at that time, and if he can be reused, there must be an extraordinary side.

I asked, how did he go from soldier to general step by step?

He said that the whole person, luck is also very good, he met the benevolent diplomat, military expert Chang Hui, from the small soldiers all the way to the promotion, almost all of them are recommended by Chang Hui, and later? Originally was the deputy director, the result of the bureau chief was shuanggui, so it was straightened out, and then lao Shan Yu died, there were contradictions within the Xiongnu, one of the backbone of the Xiongnu directly led the troops to him, whether it was active persuasion or passive surrender, it was a big credit, victory without a fight, this person has real ability, otherwise Chang Hui would not have valued him so much.

I ask, as an old man who has witnessed the changes in Chinese civilization for more than two thousand years, how do you view historical deduction?

He said that history is not simply the change of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, but to deduce from a geographical point of view, from the Central Plains to the grasslands to the Western Regions to the Snowy Plains to the Ocean, is the linkage of the five major sections, one of the greatest achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is to open up the Hexi Corridor, to Zheng Ji later established the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, at this point, the Western Regions officially became China's territory.

I asked, in more than 30 countries in the western region, why is Loulan the most famous?

He said that there are two reasons, one is related to the oral narrator, the Western race, customs are described as mysterious, such as your current Xiangxi tourism slogan, mysterious Xiangxi, what is mysterious about this thing? Loulan was the smallest of many small countries, with a population of just over 10,000, similar to the size of a village, and the largest country at that time was called Wusun Kingdom, with about 600,000 people. Second, in all kinds of modern and contemporary works, I always like to write about what Loulan girl, and all kinds of adventurers like to find what Loulan ancient city ruins.

I said, mainly the name sounds good.

He said that at that time, the names were all translated, and they were all very good, Guizi, Kangju, Dawan, Khotan...

I asked, after all these years, do you think the war has made progress?

He said that there is progress, in the future, almost all wars are decapitation operations, that is, ordinary people should go to work, should travel, war has nothing to do with ordinary people, which is like automatic driving, which can make ordinary people safer.

I asked, when you go to Suzhou, can you find the clues of Zheng Ji?

He said that the only place where there are traces of Zheng Ji now should be Luntai County in Xinjiang, where there is a sculpture of him, and the museum also has relevant written records, and other places can hardly be found.

I asked, were there any more talented civil servants in the Western Han Dynasty?

He said, yes, Liu Xin.

I asked, he seems to have changed a lot of history books, is it more in line with the appetite of those in power to change the controversy of a hundred schools of thought?

He said that there are often people who yearn for the hundred families of the sons in the pre-Qin period, thinking that at that time, the atmosphere was enlightened and a hundred schools of thought were in contention. In the pre-Qin period, there were hundreds of countries, on average, it was almost one-to-one, and there were absolutely no one-country with a hundred, if there was such a country? It also perished long ago. In other words, in order to be unified, it is necessary to have a high degree of "thinking", which is why the core values are repeatedly mentioned, and if the core values are different, then they are not fragmented?

I said, tell me the story of Liu Xin when you have time. (Correction: When asking this sentence, Liu Xin, how did you read it? ）

He said, okay.

I asked, what does the word 歆 read?

He said, xīn.

I said, thank you.

He said, you're welcome...