In the nineteenth year of Emperor Tuigu of Japan (611), Prince Rinsei, the third son of King Shōmei of Baekje Kingdom, crossed east to Japan and landed at Tatarahama in the Zhou Defense Kingdom, and then went to the Settsu Kingdom to meet Prince Shengde, and obtained the Ōuchi Village of the Zhou Defense Kingdom as a territory, giving him the surname "Tatara Courtier".
At the end of the Heian period, the governor of the Tatara clan, Tatara Morifu, called himself "Ouchisuke", and from then on, the Tatara clan used "Ouchi" as their own hmong character. Regardless of whether the legend of the descendants of Baekje is true or not, the Zhou Dynasty Daiuchi clan is convinced of this, and has always regarded himself as a "Watanabe" (a foreigner who naturalized Japan), and even made territorial claims against Korea as a descendant of Baekje in the Muromachi period.
Yoshihiro Ouchi
Yes, today we are going to talk about the last governor of the ZhouFang Ouchi family, Ouchi Yoshitaka (although after Ouchi Yoshitaka, there was also Ouchi Yoshinaga who inherited the family governor, but the Zhoufang Ouchi family was actually declared dead when Ouchi Yoshitaka died), and there are many legends about Ouchi Yoshitaka in Japanese history, it is said that Ouchi Yoshitaka is good at waka and keju, and he is a samurai who loves Buddhism and knows some rhythms, and is an extremely elegant samurai.
However, it is believed that it was precisely because Ouchi Yoshitaka was obsessed with the elegant culture of the public family that did not conform to the times that he eventually led to the demise of the Ouchi family. Let's take a look.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > the birth of Yoshitaka Ouchi</h1>
Yoshitaka Ouchi was born on November 15, 1507, the fourth year of Nagamasa, the daughter of Hiroshi Naito of the Zhou Dynasty, and the son of Ōuchi Yoshiyuki, the head of the Ouchi family.
Ever since Japan entered the Sengoku period, the presence of the Ouchi family has been very high. As early as the "Ying Ren Rebellion", Ouchi Yoshitaka's grandfather, Ōuchi Masahiro, led the army to Shangluo and joined the Western Army led by Yamana Muneyoshi, and even after yamana's surrender, the Ouchi family once served as the general of the Western Army.
By the time of Yoshitaka Ouchi's father, Yoshihiro Ouchi, the Ouchi family had become one of the most powerful families in Japan. Ouchi Yoshiyuki supported the reinstatement of ashikaga Yoshinori, a shogun who had been deposed in the "Akitori Coup", and remained in Kyoto to assist Ashikaga Yoshinori.
Yoshiyuki Ouchi
Ashikaga Yoshinori wanted to appoint him as the shogunate governor in order to thank Ouchi Yoshihiro for his help, but since the Ouchi family did not belong to the three families of Shiro, Hatoyama, and Hosokawa, he was eventually appointed as the "Head of the Tendo Domain". The so-called "Tianxia" refers to Gyeonggi, and "guan lingdai" means "agent guan ling".
In the seventeenth year of Nagamasa (1520), at the age of fourteen, Ōuchi Yoshitaka Motofushi was given a name consisting of the upper character "righteousness" given by the shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori and the "taka" character in the "clan temple" koryō-ji temple of the Ouchi family. By the way, the name of his father, Ōuchi Yoshiyuki, also comes from the shogun's shangzi and Koryōji Temple.
Since the fifteenth year of Yongzheng (1518), the Nishiko family in the Western Region has continued to expand under the leadership of nishiko, the nishiki, and even eroded towards the Anyi kingdom within the sphere of influence of the Ouchi family, and the Ouchi family and the nishi family have since waged a decades-long war around the Anyi kingdom.
On May 20, 1524, in the fourth year of Ōnaga (1524), the Ouchi clan mobilized an army of 25,000 men from the Zhou Dynasty, Nagato Kingdom, Toyomae Kingdom, and Chikuzen Kingdom to attack Anyi Kingdom. The army divided into two routes, one of which led 10,000 people personally to Ōuchi Yoshiaki, and after capturing Kusatsu Castle and Nihoshima Castle in Sabo County, they besieged Sakurao Castle, which was defended by Tomoda Koto. On the other side, Yoshitaka Ouchi was the main general, and the heavy minister Tao Xingfang was the rear man, with a total of 15,000 people, and surrounded the Ginzan Castle of Sato in Sato County.
This year's invasion of The Art Nation was also the first line of Yoshitaka Ouchi. According to the tradition of the first battle of the Warring States Daimyo, in order to please the auspicious, the first battle of the samurai children is usually fought in a joint battle with a winning rate of more than 90%, and the same is true of the Battle of Zoto Silver Mountain Castle, according to common sense, as long as there is no accident, this 15,000 people can besiege Zodong Silver Mountain Castle even if they besiege the city.
However, Yoshitaka Ouchi's first line had an accident.
On the night of August 5, the Nizi family sent their subordinate AnYi Guoguo Maori Yuanyi to lead the troops of the Anyi Kingdom and the Bihou Kingdom, and took advantage of the heavy rain to attack the positions of the Ouchi Army, killing hundreds of samurai. After the defeat of the Ouchi army, Ouchi Yoshitaka retreated all the way until he merged with his father Ouchi Yoshiyuki before he was relieved.
It is said that at this time, Tao Xingfang, a descendant of Ouchi Yoshitaka, said to Ouchi Yoshihiro: "Maoriyuan is a young good general, and if he is subordinate to the enemy, he is a poison that kills us, and if he can be omitted, he will certainly be able to become our good medicine." ”
It was around this time that the warlike Maori Yuan left a deep impression on Yoshitaka Ouchi.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > family governors inherit</h1>
On December 20, 1528, at the age of 53, Ōuchi Yoshiyuki died of illness, and Ouchi Yoshitaka officially inherited the family governor of the Ouchi family, and the Ouchi family also entered the era of Ouchi Yoshitaka's rule.
Yoshitaka Ouchi
At that time, ouchi Yoshiyuki left Ōuchi Yoshitaka with five kingdoms: The Zhou Defense Kingdom, Nagato Kingdom, Toyomae Kingdom, Chikuzen Kingdom, and Iwami Kingdom, in addition to which the Ouchi family also expanded to Anyi Kingdom and subjugated the Maori Motoyasu who had defeated him. However, at this time, the territory of the Ouchi family, like other Muromachi daimyōs, seemed to be huge, but in fact it was very loose and could easily collapse. In addition, the Ouchi family lived in the Zhou Fangguo for hundreds of years, so the Ouchi family's Shu clan was all over the place, for example, the Ouchi family's vassal Tao shi was born in the Ouchi family.
In the early years, the Ouchi family ruled the clan as officials in the imperial household, and during the Kamakura shogunate period, the Ouchi family also became the "imperial family" of the shogunate because they sided with the Genji clan during the "Genpei War". However, after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, the Ouchi clan lost its position as the leader of the Shoryū, and many shogunates began to covet the Munakata, until after the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate, the Ouchi clan served as the guardian of the Zhou Defense State, and it was only slightly stabilized. In addition to the Ouchi family's shuliu, many of the Hao clans in the Ouchi family's territory were also very strong, and even allied with the Ouchi family's shuliu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties to oppose the Zongjia.
After Ōuchi Yoshitaka succeeded the governor, he first formulated many regulations for the courtiers of the Ouchi family, and unified many of the commoners and the people of the country, and finally incorporated them into the ouchi family's family group. Of course, this vassal was not just lip service, the subordinate streams and the people of the country needed to live in the base area of the Ouchi family in Yamaguchi, that is, the "concentration under the castle" policy of the Sengoku Daimyo.
During japan's Sengoku period, many families with several guardianships were overridden by the guardians, for example, in the territory of the Sipo family, the Echizen Kingdom guardians of the Kai clan and the Oda clan of the Owari kingdom were vacated. The Territory of the Ouchi family was no less than that of the Sōbo family, and in order to prevent the tragedy from recurring in the Ouchi family, Ouchi Yoshitaka referred to the "Guardianship in Kyoto System" of the Muromachi shogunate, stipulating that the guardians must live in Yamaguchi, and the sons of the regents also need to serve the Ouchi family at the Yamaguchi, in effect, as hostages.
< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > Kitakyushu invasion</h1>
The Shōgun clan was descended from the Muto clan of the Shogunate of the Kamakura period, and held hereditary official positions such as Shōgun Shōgun and Chikuzen Shogun, and had considerable power in Kitakyushu. To this end, the former governor Ōuchi Yoshiyuki once went out to fight in Kitakyushu and destroyed the Shōgun family, but shōgun Zigen, a remnant of the Shōgun clan, with the assistance of the daimyō Ōtomo Masamune of Toyogo Domain, took advantage of ouchi Yoshiaki's ascension to the throne and rebelled, and was the number one enemy of the Ouchi family in Kitakyushu.
Map of the West
In the third year of his reign (1530), Ōuchi Yoshitaka sent Chikuzen Domain's guardian Daisugi Koyun to attack the Shōgun family, and Sugi Komyun, with the support of the Hizen kingdom's Hokushi Shōgun clan Chikushi Shōmon and Asahi Raikan, invaded Higashihimae and defeated Shōjō Tonyō, the son of Shōgun Shōgun. Shōgun Dongshang fled to Seifuku-ji Castle, which was subsequently surrounded by the Ouchi Army.
At this time, the Shaoyi family's courtier, the Dragon Temple, learned that the lord was in difficulty and led a clan to help. Nabeshima Kiyohisa, a retainer of the Ryūzō-ji clan and retainer, led a force known as the "Red Bear Brigade" into the Ouchi Army, disrupting the enemy's position and eventually defeating the Ouchi Army.
In order to gain the honor of conquering Kitakyushu, Ouchi Yoshitaka repeatedly applied to the imperial court for the post of Daizai Daido, and even offered a gift of 2,000 yuan when Emperor Nara succeeded to the throne, and finally became the Daizai Daimyō in the fifth year of astronomy (1536). After the Ryūzō-ji family was omitted, the Ouchi clan and the Ryuzo-ji clan eliminated the Shōjō clan.
< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > Tsukiyama Toda Castle Joint</h1>
In September of the ninth year of astronomy (1540), Nizi's grandson, Nizi Haruhisa, mobilized an army of 30,000 and launched a general attack on An Yiguo. At this time, the Maori Yuan, who belonged to the Ouchi family, was defending the castle of Yamashiro in Yoshida County, and the men, women, and children plus dogs in the whole castle were only about 8,000 people, and only about 2,400 soldiers could actually fight.
The Nizi army was menacing, and Ouchi Yoshitaka did not dare to slacken off, and hurriedly ordered the heavy minister Tao Longfang (Tao Xingfang's son) to lead an army to help. The decisive battle between the two armies began on the thirteenth day of the first month of the following year, with Maori Yuan taking the lead in attacking from the city, and then Tao Longfang also commanded the army to launch a fierce attack on Nizi Haruhisa's home front, defeating the Nizi army in one fell swoop.
After the fiasco of the Nizi army, the former governor nizi also died at the age of eighty-four in November of that year, and the territory of the nizi family was shaken by this double blow. At this time, Ouchi Yoshitaka was full of spirits, and he ignored the opposition of the Wenzhi faction's important ministers, and immediately ordered an expedition to the Cloud Kingdom, hoping to destroy the Nizi family in one fell swoop.
On the eleventh day of the first month of the eleventh year of the Astronomical Year (1542), Ōuchi Yoshitaka led his adopted sons Ōuchi Haruzumi, Tao Longfang, Sugi Shigeru, Naito Komori and others to lead an army of more than 15,000 from Yamaguchi-kan, and the number of people who came to participate in the battle along the way continued, and by the time of Izumo Country, the army of Ouchi had reached 40,000 people.
Izumo Expedition
Niko has been operating in the Izumo Kingdom for a long time, and the people of the country are quite supportive of the Niko family and resolutely resist the Ouchi Army. When Yoshitaka Ouchi began to attack the Tsukiyama Tomita Castle, the main castle of the Niko family, it was already In March of the twelfth year of astronomy (1543). However, due to the battle between Nishiko Haruhisa and a group of "Shingu factions", several attacks on Tsukiyama Tomita Castle by the Ouchi Army failed. Not only that, but the nizi people also continued to harass the logistics supply lines of the Great Inner Army, and by the end of April, many of the nationalists who surrendered when the Great Inner Army attacked raised the anti-flag and rejoined the Nizi family.
On May 7, the Ouchi army began to retreat, and was subsequently pursued by the Nizi army, and many of the courtiers were killed. On the other hand, Ouchi Yoshitaka's adopted heir, Ouchi Haruno, chose to return home by sea when he withdrew, but when he took a small boat to the big ship at the seashore, the defeated soldiers who were pursued by the Nizi army also rushed to the seashore. The defeated soldiers who had come out of the YamaguchiKan jumped into the sea, grabbed the edge of the boat, and wanted to leave with Haruno Ōuchi.
The small boat was naturally not enough to support so many people, and in a hurry, Ouchi Haru drew his sword and slashed at the hands of the defeated soldiers who were holding the edge of the ship, frightening the defeated soldiers to hurry up. However, the defeated soldiers on the other side still clung to the ship, and the small boat overturned in the sea with such an unstable center of gravity, and Ōuchi Haruno also drowned in the sea.
Haruhisa Amagiko
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > obsessive culture</h1>
The Ouchi family's "Izumo Expedition" was simply a copy of the Nizi family's "Anyi Expedition", and both families were seriously injured by the fiasco of the expedition to other countries.
Returning from the defeat, Ōuchi Yoshitaka lost his beloved adopted heir, and since then he has been devastated, no longer harboring territorial ambitions for the Nizi family, but is bent on defending the territory and becoming obsessed with culture. In the Yamaguchi Pavilion of Ouchi Yoshitaka, there were many Chinese and Buddhist books, novel texts, etc., which was a shame in the eyes of the samurai at that time. You know, although the successive governors of the Ouchi family have some elegant hobbies, they are all a lifetime of conquest, and eventually died in the battle, like Ouchi Yoshitaka, who suddenly became an otaku, and very few.
During the military deliberations held for the expedition to the Izumi Kingdom, the Wenzhi faction's heavy minister Xiang liang Wuren had opposed this, believing that the expedition to the Izumo kingdom would be as disastrous as the Nizi family attacking An Yiguo, while the arbitrary faction's heavy minister Tao Longfang supported the expedition. The final result, as everyone can see, Yoshitaka Ouchi has since begun to lean toward the courtiers of the Bunji school.
The Tao clan from Tao Longfang was a shogun of the Ouchi family, and had always been a mainstay of the Ouchi family, and was loyal to the Ouchi family. However, under the rule of Yoshitaka Ouchi, the Ouchi family, known for its martial name, began to move towards weakness. In Tao Longfang's eyes, fighting a war is something that originally has to be won or lost, so why did the protagonist suddenly become depressed after his defeat? When he fixed his eyes, he found that the reason why the lord liked the feminine things was because of the "adulterous minister" Xiang Liang Takehito and a bunch of female secretaries with Kyoto accents.
Tauron room
Of course, in addition to the difference in political ideas, several guardians of the Ouchi family and heavy courtiers were also constantly fighting each other, weakening the strength of the Ouchi family. Sugi shigeru was originally at odds with Tao Longfang, but the two came together because they both looked at Ryo Takehito, and in addition, the old Naito Komori was also drawn in by the two.
In the eighteenth year of astronomy (1549), Maori Yuan visited the YamaguchiKan with his sons Motoharu and Takakei, during which time Maorimoto and Tao Longfang also secretly formed an alliance, and the two sides agreed to abolish Ōuchi Yoshitaka's position as the governor of the house and establish his sister-in-law, Ōuchi Yoshizun, who was only five years old at the time, as the governor of the house. In contrast, Yoshitaka Ouchi, who was unaware of the conspiracy, liked Maori Motoyasu very much and praised Mori Motoyasu as a good general in the world.
The following year, after hearing that Tao Longfang wanted to assassinate himself, Xiang Liang Wuren fled. At the same time, the Wind in the Ouchi family spread that Tao Longfang wanted to rebel, and Ouchi Yoshitaka also wore armor and sent an emissary to Tao Longfang to question him at the jukan Cage Castle. At this time, Xiangliang Wuren also wanted to marry his daughter to Tao Longfang's son and make peace with Tao Longfang, but Tao Longfang did not like Xiangliang Wuren's family and refused this matter. During this period, Ōuchi Yoshitaka's side, Lengquan Takatoshi, had suggested that Ouchi Yoshitaka lay down the Hongmen Feast to kill Tao Longfang, but Ouchi Yoshitaka had illusions about the loyal Tao Family and rejected this proposal.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > the change of Daning Temple</h1>
On August 20, 1551, taolongfang, Sugi Shigeru, and Naito Komori suddenly raised an army to rebel, and Maori Moto also responded with an army and occupied Sato Ginzan Castle and other places. In contrast, Ouchi Yoshitaka's reaction to the rebellion was very slow, and on August 23, after the rebellion of Torusaka, Yoshitaka Ouchi held a banquet at yamaguchikan to invite emissaries of the Otomo family, and until the twenty-seventh day before the battle, Ouchi Yoshitaka was still enjoying Noh's performance.
Faced with the oncoming rebels, Yoshitaka Ouchi abandoned Yamaguchi-kan and headed to Hosenji Cage Castle. At the same time, At the same time, Maeki Shiraku Nijo Yinfang, who was stranded in Yamaguchi, volunteered to go to the rebel army as an emissary, trying to negotiate peace with the rebels on the condition that Ouchi Yoshitaka lived in seclusion and Ouchi Yoshizun succeeded the family governor, but the rebels refused.
The change of Daning Temple
Nijo Yinfang also did not want to think, the rebels are disgusted by these public words into the literary and artistic youth of Yoshitaka Ōuchi, at this time volunteered to be a messenger, is not to add to the blockage?
With the escape of hosenji soldiers, Ouchi Yoshitaka decided to abandon Yamaguchi and flee to Nagato Domain by sea to Iwami Kingdom, where he defected to his vassal Yoshimi Masarai. However, after coming to Nagato Kingdom, Yoshitaka Ouchi was unable to go to sea because of the storm, so he had to temporarily go to Danin-ji Temple to hide.
This will also be the end of Ouchi's house.
On September 1, Ouchi Yoshitaka committed suicide in the Daning Temple, and after Lengquan Takatoshi was wrong for the lord, he rushed into the enemy position and was killed. In addition, Mae-seki Shiraku Nijo Yinfu was lost while on his way to Nagato Kingdom and was killed by the rebels. Nijō Yoshitomo, son of Nijō Yoshitaka, son of Ōuchi Yoshitaka, and others were captured by the rebels after fleeing. By the way, Takeda Shingen's father-in-law, Sanjo Gongrai, was also stranded in the Ouchi clan at this time, and also died in this rebellion.
Tao Longfang originally spared Ouchi Yoshizun a way to live and supported him as the governor of the house, but only on September 2, Tao Longfang changed his mind and ordered ouchi Yoshizun to be killed. In fact, when Tao Longfang raised his army, he sent emissaries to the Otomo family to welcome the new governor of the Ouchi family, who had been adopted by Ouchi Yoshitaka as a yoko. However, Tao Longfang forgot one thing, deposing Ouchi Yoshitaka and supporting Ouchi Yoshizun was a matter that was discussed with Maori Yuan, and forcing Ouchi Yoshitaka to die and killing Ouchi Yoshizun without authorization undoubtedly laid the groundwork for a break with the Maori family.
Of course, this is an afterthought.
Maori yuan on
Throughout Ōuchi's life, this person can be said to be a typical example of the first half of his life and the second half of his life of fainting and incompetence. As a sengoku daimyō, the power of the Ouchi family governor reached its peak during the Ouchi Yoshitaka era, and the influence of the Ouchi family in the local area also increased. As a cultural person, the Yamaguchi culture pioneered by Yoshitaka Ouchi had a far-reaching influence, collecting the "Tale of Genji Monogatari" copied by the famous cultural figure Sanjo Nishito, and cultivating countless Confucian scholars and painters.
As a Sengoku daimyō and a cultural man, Yoshitaka Ouchi was qualified, and his failures did not lie outside, but in his personal character. Although the Ouchi family's expedition to Izumo Kingdom was a fiasco, which general was victorious in the Sengoku period in Japan? Not to mention that Oda Nobunaga, Hashiba Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu all encountered setbacks, and even in the same era, there was a living example of Niko Haruhisa in front of his eyes.
Didn't Niko Haruhisa lose badly enough? Did he collapse? No. In contrast, through continuous efforts, in the twenty-first year of the Astronomical Year (1552), Nizi Haruhisa gained the status of guardian of the eight kingdoms of San'in, Sanyo, Izumo, Hideki, Inaba, Misaku, Bizen, Bichu, Bigo, and The Companion of the Shogunate.
In my opinion, Ouchi Yoshitaka has such talents as Sagara Takehito, Tao Longfang, and Maori Yuan, and if he continues to focus on domination, it is not impossible for the Ouchi family to usher in its heyday again, and he is a typical good hand to play poorly.