Confucius was a great educator and thinker in china's Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius's ideas have influenced China and the countries surrounding the Chinese cultural circle for thousands of years. Nowadays, people regard Qufu in Shandong Province as the hometown of Confucius. Now when we travel to Qufu, we can still see historical sites related to Confucius, such as Confucius House, Confucius Temple, and Confucius Forest. Qufu was the place where Confucius was born and raised, but Confucius's ancestral home is not in Qufu: his ancestors were nobles of the Song State during the Spring and Autumn Period, and Confucius was not originally surnamed Kong. Many people may think that our Chinese follow the father's surname, but why is the "surname" in Chinese characters next to the female character?
In fact, the names of the ancients were composed of four parts: surname, surname, first name, and word. For example, Cao Cao character Meng De, Liu Bei character Xuan De, Guan Yu character Yun Chang, Zhou Yu character Gong Jin, Zhuge Liang character Kong Ming... It can be seen that in ancient times, names were names and words were words, but we now combine names and words as names. In fact, we Chinese surname and first name have also undergone such a process of change: originally the first surname was a surname and a surname, but we have now merged these two concepts into a surname. Surnames first originated in the matrilineal clan era, so we Chinese actually follow the mother's surname.
But now what we call a "surname" is a clan. After entering the patrilineal clan society, the clan inherited from the paternal line gradually replaced the surname inherited from the matrilineal line. What we call our surname today is actually a surname, not the surname of the ancients. Confucius is actually a son of the kong surname. Confucius's ancestors were descendants of the Yin Shang royal family. When King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang and divided the princes, he sealed the Song state established by the descendants of Yin Shang. Confucius's sixth grandfather, Confucius Jia, served as the Grand Sima of the Song Dynasty (equivalent to the current Minister of Defense). Why did Kong Yimen, as a high-ranking official of the Song Dynasty, later move to Qufu in the Lu State?
It is said that after the death of Song Xuangong, the thirteenth monarch of the Song Dynasty in 729 BC, he did not let his crown prince succeed to the throne, but passed the throne to his younger brother Song Mugong. After nine years on the throne, The dying Duke Mu of Song planned to return the throne to the original crown prince Andyi in order to repay his brother's kindness, but Kong Fujia, who was then the Grand Sima of The Great, was firmly opposed to this. This was not actually the personal opinion of Kong Fujia, but represented the general opinion of a considerable number of ministers of the Song Dynasty at that time. Originally, everyone thought that no matter how the throne of Song Mugong came from, it would naturally pass on to his son.
Over the years, the subordinates had already poured a lot of effort into Feng, the eldest son of Song Mugong. By doing so, people are investing in their future prospects. Now that Song Mugong wants to return the throne to his brother's son, it means that everyone's political investment in the past decade has been completely lost. It is conceivable how fiercely Song Mugong's decision would be opposed by his courtiers. Song Mugong didn't care what others thought, he was determined to return the throne to Yi. Song Mugong summoned Kong Fujia to directly entrust Youyi to him. Song Mugong didn't care if Kong Father Jia could think straight, in short, this task was entrusted to you anyway.
In order to show his determination to the courtiers, Song Mugong also sent his son Feng to Zheng Guo. When Song Mugong and Yi successfully succeeded to the throne, they became the Duke of Song. What did song mugong expect was that Zheng Guo pinched the card of Gongzi Feng and moved his mind: Zheng Guo had been plotting to send Gongzi Feng back to the Song Kingdom to seize the throne, so as to establish a pro-Zheng regime in the Song Kingdom. At this time, the fourteenth monarch of the Wei state, Duke Huan of Wei, was killed by his brother Zhou. After usurping the throne, the state tried to establish its own ruling authority through foreign wars. Zhou called on The Duke of Song to jointly attack the State of Zheng.
Although The Duke of Song sat on the throne of the country, he was always worried that Gongzi Feng would counterattack. Together, Song Yan's selfish heart completely forgot the painstaking heart and kindness of his uncle Mu Gong's succession to the throne. After succeeding to the throne, Duke Yan of Song always regarded feng, who was in exile in zhengguo, as a serious problem for his confidants. Not to mention that Gongzi Feng originally had the qualifications to inherit the throne, not to mention that Gongzi Feng also received foreign aid from Zheng Guo behind his back. Therefore, when the prefecture proposed to jointly cut Zheng, Song Mugong was very happy and agreed to it. Song Guo and Wei Guo joined forces twice to attack Zheng Guo, not only failed to remove Gongzi Feng's political bomb, but also backfired and attracted More frequent retaliatory strikes from Zheng Guo.
Within ten years of his succession, Duke Song had to use his national strength to fight eleven major battles with Zheng Guo. These wars were won and lost: in the first war, the Song and Wei forces besieged the east gate of the capital of the Zheng state; in the second war, the Song state harvested the crops on the zheng territory; in the third war, the Song state occupied the territory of zheng guo's ally, the state of Zheng; in four wars, the Song state again won a small victory over the combined forces of Yi and Zheng; in the fifth war, the Song army once besieged Changge; in the sixth war, Zheng Zhuang united with the royal division to defeat the Song army.
In the seventh war between the two sides, Zheng Zhuanggong again defeated the Song army. After that, the war situation began to develop in a direction unfavorable to the Song Dynasty. By the time of the Tenth War between the two sides, the Zheng army had invaded the Song dynasty. In the eleventh war between the two sides, Zheng Guo united with the State of Yu to defeat the State of Song. However, whether victorious or not, it was always the common people who were hurt: the spoils of war plundered by the Song State at the time of victory belonged to the ruling class, but when the war was defeated, it was the people who suffered. The State of Song once gave the Kingdom of Lu as a gift to the State of Lu as a gift to consolidate diplomatic relations.
In stark contrast, the Song Dynasty repeatedly increased the taxes borne by the people in support of the war. As a result of the war, an entire generation of young and middle-aged laborers in the Song Dynasty was almost lost. For a time, almost every family in the Song Dynasty had relatives who lost their lives due to the war. The rulers only squandered the looted booty, but they did not think about how to improve the lives of the people. Victory or defeat is ultimately paid for by the common people. Song Yangong not only failed to solve the potential external hidden danger of Gongzi Feng through war, but also greatly intensified domestic contradictions because of the long-term war.
Although Kong Fujia initially supported Gongzi Feng, he had been loyal to Duke Song since he accepted the entrustment of Duke Mu of Song. As the "Minister of Defense" of the Song Dynasty, Kong Father Jia had always tried every means to support the war policy of the Song Dynasty, so Kong Father Jia was a deeply hated war element in the eyes of the Song people. Although Kong Father Jia was deeply hated by the people of the Song Dynasty at that time, his little life was quite moist. Kong Father Jia held such a high position as "Minister of National Defense", and was also a minister personally appointed by the former Emperor Song Mugong.
It is not an exaggeration to say that Kong Father Jia was in power in the Song Dynasty at that time. The high-ranking and powerful Kong Father Jia relied on his political capital to become a beautiful woman's husband. Kong Father's wife is not an ordinary beauty, but a kind of beauty that seduces the soul. Sima Qian described Kong's father's wife from the side in the "Records of History": "The great Sima Kong's father Jia's wife is good, out, the Dao meets Dazai Huadu, the governor says, and looks at it with his eyes." This passage is that Kong's wife met Dazai Huadu of the Song Kingdom on the way out. Walto watched her go far because he was pleasing to the eye.
The "Zuo Biography" also describes such a detail: "Song Hua's father saw Kong's father's wife Yu Lu, and his eyes turned against him, saying: 'Beautiful and beautiful'". It is said that Hua Du, as a high-ranking official like Dazai, wants what kind of woman can't get it. The beautiful woman who can make him look at only one side can imagine what a heavenly national color. It is said that since Hua Du had seen the side of Kong Father Jia's wife, he was as unforgettable as if he had lost his soul. When Hua Tuo learned that the beauty he met on the road was the wife of Sima Kong's father, he began to brew a huge conspiracy.
Hua Du intends to get rid of Kong Father Jia in order to realize his intention of possessing the beauty for a long time. However, Kong Father Jia, as the Grand Sima of the Great, was on par with Dazai Hua in terms of official position, and since Kong Father Jia was also an auxiliary chancellor designated by the previous emperor and trusted by the current monarch, then he could not say kill like he did with the small people in the countryside, right? At this time, Hua Dou thought of using public opinion to fight a "public opinion war.". At that time, the people of the Song Dynasty had long been exhausted and miserable because of the long-term war. Just at this time, a rumor began to spread in the capital of the Song Dynasty: Sima Kong's father Jia began to reorganize his army to attack zheng again.
For a time the wives of the families in the city were carrying sewn clothes, and the old mother dragged her tired body to the barracks, just to see her husband and son before the war set out. Some of the soldiers in the barracks wrote suicide notes, and some left their parents with their last paychecks. In such a restless atmosphere, someone suddenly shouted, "Let's go to Hua Dazai." I heard that Hua Dazai was reluctant to send troops to fight, so let him decide for us." Soon the gates of Dazaifu were surrounded by a group of angry soldiers. The soldiers clamored to see Dazai.
Hua Tuo trembled and came to the soldiers and said, "Everyone is quiet and quiet. Sima Da's preparation to send troops to attack Zheng Guo is also for the face of the Song Kingdom, and everyone must understand Sima Da's bitterness." Hua Du's words seemed to explain Kong Father Jia on the surface, but in fact it was equivalent to acknowledging that Kong Father Jia wanted to attack Zheng Guo. The soldiers asked, "What is the pain?" He wants face, so let's go to death? Dazai, you will be the Lord for us." At this time, Hua Dou pretended to be very careful and said, "Everyone be quiet, when Sima Da hears it, he is going to kill his head."
The soldiers shouted angrily, "What are you afraid of? Anyway, it's a dead end! Hua Tuo gritted his teeth and stomped his feet as a difficult look and said, "Well, the will of the people cannot be violated." In recent years, the Song Dynasty's conquests have been empty of national strength and the people are tired. How can I, as a Dazai, stand idly by? If everyone wants to eliminate harm for the people, then I can only obey the wishes of the people." The soldiers, instigated by Hua Dou, rushed directly into the residence of Sima Kong's father. In a series of shouts and screams, Kong Father Jia and dozens of people in his family fell into a pool of blood.
Hua Tuo's killing of Kong's father Jia and his wife not only destroyed a political enemy, but also gained a stunning beauty. However, his approach caused great anger to the Duke of Song. Song Zhengong released a harsh word to seek justice for Father Kong. Hua Du simply did not hesitate to encourage the soldiers to break into the palace and kill the Duke of Song, and then welcomed back the prince Feng from the Zheng Kingdom to inherit the throne. In this way, Hua Dou replaced Kong Father Jia as a big red man with meritorious service in front of the new monarch. When Hua Tuo instigated the mutinous soldiers to invade sima Da's mansion, Kong's son Mu Jin's father, luckily escaped from the disaster.
In order to escape the pursuit of his enemy Hua Du, Mu Jin's father fled north to lu (陬邑, in present-day Qufu, Shandong) and settled down. The Kong family has lived and multiplied here ever since. When he arrived at Mujin's father's grandson Kong Fangshu, he was appointed by lu guo to fangcheng at the border of the Lu song state as the doctor of fangyi. Fangcheng was the junction between song and Lu, so if the Song state wanted to attack the lu state, it had to enter from this place. The State of Lu sent Uncle Kong Fang, who had a feud with the State of Song, to guard the town. Kong Fangshu established a complete defense system in Fangcheng, thus playing an important role in defending the border security of Luguo.