In 2015, The total output of lithium batteries in China was 47.13Gwh, of which the output of power batteries was 16.9Gwh, accounting for 36.07%; the output of consumer lithium batteries was 23.69Gwh, accounting for 50.26%; the output of energy storage lithium batteries was 1.73Gwh, accounting for 3.67%. In 2020, the demand for power lithium batteries will reach 125Gwh, and the scrap volume will reach 32.2Gwh, about 500,000 tons; authoritative institutions estimate that by 2023, the scrap will reach 101Gwh, about 1.16 million tons. The large-scale power lithium battery market will be accompanied by industry opportunities for lithium battery recycling and downstream cascade utilization, and the development of lithium battery recycling and cascade utilization will also produce considerable economic benefits and investment opportunities while avoiding waste of resources and environmental pollution.
The positive, negative, diaphragm, electrolyte and other materials that make up lithium-ion batteries contain a large number of valuable metals. The valuable metal composition contained in the cathode material of different power lithium batteries is different, and the metals with the highest potential value include cobalt, lithium, nickel and so on. For example, the average content of lithium in ternary batteries is 1.9%, nickel 12.1%, and cobalt 2.3%; in addition, the proportion of copper and aluminum has reached 13.3% and 12.7%, and if it can be reasonably recycled, it will become a major source of revenue creation and cost reduction. Cobalt is a silvery-gray shiny metal with ductility and ferromagnetism. Because of its good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties, cobalt is widely used in aerospace, machinery manufacturing, electrical and electronics, chemical, ceramics and other industrial fields, and is one of the important raw materials for the manufacture of high-temperature alloys, cemented carbide, ceramic pigments, catalysts and batteries.
Now the government is accelerating the process of new energy in the whole society, Hainan Province has even issued a policy, from 2030 will no longer sell fuel vehicles, the world's largest car manufacturer Volkswagen also plans to launch the last generation of fuel vehicle platform in 2026, perhaps in the near future, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Bentley Continental GT and other luxury cars will also become electric vehicles. It is also in this way that the power battery recycling and processing industry has become a new sunrise industry. At present, there is also a huge market space for battery recycling, and the main recycling methods of waste batteries at this stage include disassembly recycling and cascade utilization. At the same time, with the domestic leading completely independent property rights and advanced technology, Battery Technology won the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region power battery recycling demonstration project, will be 50,000 tons of power battery dismantling, is expected to the end of 2020, 10,000 tons of production line will be put into use, its advanced technology can not only effectively reduce costs, but also for the new energy automobile industry battery recycling this last key link to open the way. It is enough to see that China's independent enterprises not only rank in the forefront of the world in the research and development and manufacturing of batteries, but also reach the world's advanced level in the treatment of waste batteries.
Recycling refers to the waste power battery dismantling, crushing, smelting and other treatment, in order to recover the valuable elements of the resource utilization process. At present, China has a certain industrial base in the field of power battery recycling, to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "new energy vehicle waste power battery comprehensive utilization industry specification conditions" the first batch of 5 enterprises (Quzhou Huayou Cobalt New Materials Co., Ltd., Ganzhou Haopeng Technology Co., Ltd., Jingmen City Grimme New Materials Co., Ltd., Hunan Bangpu Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd.) as the representative, generally using wet recycling process, mature technology, high element recovery rate, And can meet the relevant safety and environmental protection requirements. From the perspective of different battery types, the valence metal contained in lithium iron phosphate batteries is mainly lithium, and in the case of the current small scale of decommissioning, it is difficult to recover the materials in it to achieve profitability. Ternary batteries contain rare precious metals such as cobalt and nickel, which can be processed together with the recovered 3C consumer lithium batteries, and have higher product richness and profit margins than lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The business model of power battery recycling still needs to be continuously improved, and the overall recycling system still needs to be built. The more standardized participants in the power battery recycling market include power battery (or material) manufacturers, professional third-party recycling enterprises, industry alliances, etc. Most of the regular manufacturers mainly involved in battery recycling in China are third-party recycling companies, and cooperate with car companies to develop recycling channels. Through cooperation with automobile manufacturers, batteries can quickly return to recycling plants, and it is expected that the strategic alliances and cooperation between upstream and downstream of the industrial chain will be more in-depth in the future.
Reference sources: Sohu.com, Tencent.com, Sina Finance, Kuaixin, Home Grid, Polaris Energy Storage Network
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