The Battle of Yiling was a continuation of the Battle of Jingzhou, a battle of Wu launched by Liu Bei in an attempt to capture Jingzhou, which ended in the defeat of Shu Han, in which Liu Bei lost nearly 80,000 soldiers (Sun Quan's post-war statistics), and many famous Shu Han generals were killed. Therefore, many people commented that after this battle, Shu Han was completely beaten down and has been in a slump ever since.
The first thing to correct is the theory of the four generals who died on both sides of Shu and Wu, and in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the Shu Han general Huang Zhong is described as a general who participated in the Battle of Yiling. During Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition, Huang Zhong also served as the commander of Wu, and on the eve of the Battle of Yiling, Huang Zhong was attacked by the Wu general Ma Zhong, who was shot in the arm by an arrow, and finally returned to the camp and lost too much blood and died. In fact, this is completely a fabrication of the novel, Huang Zhong did not die on the battlefield of the Battle of Yiling, according to the historical records, Huang Zhong died before the Battle of Yiling.
In the rendition, the Wu general Gan Ning was shot in the head by an arrow from the barbarian king Sha Moke during the Battle of Yiling and died, in fact, this is also a fabricated part, and the history records that Gan Ning died as early as 221 AD. In addition, Pan Zhang was not killed by Guan Xing, and the official history records that Pan Zhang did participate in the Battle of Yiling, but in the end, he retreated completely, and in 234 AD, the famous general Pan Zhang of the State of Wu died of illness in Jianye. The Wu general Ma Zhong was also killed by the Shu Han rebel generals Fu Shiren and Mi Fang in the book, and according to historical records, the fate of Wu general Ma Zhong is unknown.
The endings of the four generals of Shu Wu are all elements of the fabrication of the interpretation, so in the real Battle of Yiling, which generals of the Shu Han Dynasty actually died in the battle?
In the Battle of Yiling, there were six generals killed on the Shu Han side, namely Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, Ma Liang, Sha Moke, Fu Tong, and Cheng Qi, and in addition, the famous minister Li Chao died of illness in the army.
Fu Tong was one of Liu Bei's generals as a forward for Wu, he had made great contributions in the Battle of Zigui, as a general under Liu Bei, Fu Tong was also loyal to Shu Han, but unfortunately, such a famous general finally died on the battlefield of Yiling, which can be said to be a major loss for Shu Han. After Liu Bei's crushing defeat at the Battle of Yiling, Fu Tong, as the commander of the rear army, resisted the Wu army, at that time, Fu Tong was already deeply surrounded by the Wu army, and in order not to be captured by the Wu army, Fu Tong committed suicide and died.
Zhang Nan and Feng Xi were Liu Bei's former generals, and these two were highly used by Liu Bei from the beginning, and on the battlefield of the Eastern Expedition, it was also Zhang Nan and Feng Xi who attacked the State of Wu as forwards. After the defeat of the Shu army, Zhang Nan was killed by the Wu general Zhou Tailin, and Feng Xi was also besieged on the way to the breakthrough and died in an unyielding battle.
Sha Moke was a leader of ethnic minorities recruited during the Shu Han Liu Bei's conquest of Wu, in the rendition, Sha Mo Ke was famous for riding and shooting, in fact, the zhengshi record of Sha Mo Ke is very small, during the Battle of Yiling, Sha Mo Ke led nearly 10,000 people were surrounded by the Wu army, and on the way to the breakthrough, he was killed by the Wu army.
Ma Liang and Cheng Qi were Liu Bei's advisers during the Wu Dynasty, of which Ma Liang was the most famous. Ma Liang was originally a famous scholar of the Shu Han Dynasty, the head of the Five Constants of the Ma clan, when Liu Bei was stationed in Jingzhou, he had specially hired Ma Liang to come out of the mountains, if he did not die in the Battle of Yiling, perhaps Ma Liang would also play an important role in the government of the late Shu Han Dynasty. On the eve of the Battle of Yiling, Ma Liang persuaded the barbarians to send troops to attack Wu, and later, Liu Bei suffered a crushing defeat at Yiling, and Ma Liang led his army to retreat from the northwestern Jingxiang area, which was intercepted by the Wu army's infantry and killed.
Cheng Qi was Liu Bei's staff officer during the Wu Dynasty, after the disastrous defeat of Shu Han at the Battle of Yiling, Cheng Qi blocked the enemy army after breaking off, in order to protect Liu Bei's retreat, Cheng Qi was also wounded many times, and later, he fought with the Wu army on the river and died of exhaustion.
Liu Bei's other driver, Li Chao, was also a famous vassal of Shu Han, and he was one of the Three Dragons of Li in Yizhou, Shu Han, who was talented and scheming no less than Ma Liang. During Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition, Li Chao also went out with the army as a strategist, but unfortunately, this civilian minister did not directly participate in military decision-making, and when he arrived at Yong'an, Li Chao fell ill in the army due to physical discomfort. On the eve of the Battle of Yiling, Li Chao eventually fell ill and died in the army.