Xi Jiangyue (Yang Shen)
The Three Emperors and Five Emperors of Daode, with the name of Xia Hou Shang Zhou.
The Seven Heroes and Five Hegemons were in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Qin Hanxing had died.
Qingshi has several lines of names and surnames, and countless barren hills in the north.
The former people collected the fields and the later people, saying that the dragons fought for the tigers.
Tao Qian's character image
The image of Tao Qian in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is relatively benevolent and tragic. He sent Zhang Min to escort Cao Cao's father Cao Song home, and Zhang Min saw that Cao Song's property was too much, so he killed Cao Song, plundered the property and ran away, causing Tao Qian to suffer a senseless disaster; Liu Bei rescued Tao Qian, and Tao Qian also wanted to cede Xuzhou to Liu Bei five times, without greed for power. However, the historical Tao Qian actually has another side.
First of all, Tao Qian is a more arrogant person. In his career, the two top bosses of his career, Lujiang Taishou Zhang Pan and the cheqi general Zhang Wen, both intended to get close to him, but he showed seven disobedience and eight indignation, which almost affected his career. It can be seen from here that Tao Qian is actually not a person who seeks perfection and is subordinate to others.
Let's look at the matter between Tao Qian and Cao Cao. The plot of Zhang Min's murder and Tao Qian's backing of the cauldron in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is supported by historical materials, and is recorded in the Later Han Shu Tao Qian Biography and the Book of Wu. However, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wuji, the Book of Later Han, and the Shiyu all record that Tao Qian was the main messenger who killed Cao Song. Moreover, before Cao Song was killed, Tao Qian and Cao Cao already existed for the festival. Tao Qian joined forces with Yuan Shu and Gongsun Zhan to stand against Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, and Liu Biao; Tao Qian also joined forces with the Pi rebel army Que Xuan to attack Cao Cao's Yanzhou, and was met with frantic retaliation from Cao Cao. In terms of Tao Qian's personality and the contradictions between him and Cao Cao, Xiaobian prefers the statements in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Emperor Wudi and the Later Han Shu Ying Shao Biography (Shiyu is ignored).
Finally, Tao Qian's performance in Xuzhou. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms commented on Tao Qian's "backdoing" and gave an argument that Tao Qian was more distant from Zhao Yu, a famous scholar in Xuzhou. In fact, Zhao Yu once did Xuzhou Bei driving, said that he was sick and went to the field, and was forced by Tao Qian to be the Guangling Taishou. However, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says that Zhao Yu "sees the difference with loyalty and straightness". Xiaobian understands that although Tao Qian gave these Xuzhou celebrities a certain status and treatment, he may not regard them as confidants. So who is Tao Qian's real confidant? Maybe it was his concubine Danyang Soldier. If you make some speculation, perhaps Tao Qian's relationship with the famous scholars and nobles in Xuzhou is not very good. After all, the local celebrities and nobles are all in the same spirit and intertwined, have great influence in the local area, and are prone to form a trend of confrontation with the rulers. Liu Yan has this relationship with the local large households in Yizhou, the Huaisi Group and the Jiangdong surname, and Xuzhou is likely to have such a problem.
Moreover, the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty were a chaotic world in which the importance of force was higher than culture. Tao Qian was not a pure literati, he had participated in the conquest of liangzhou warlords and the suppression of the yellow turbans in Xuzhou, and it was normal to understand this truth and pay more attention to Danyang bing. This is also proved by Tao Qian's appointment of hao shuai Zang Ba, Xiao Rong, and others; and the fact that he did not hesitate to use four thousand Danyang soldiers to win over Liu Bei, who also had a strong temperament (and the fierce generals Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as gifts), also proved this. It can be said that his ability may be insufficient compared with Cao Cao and others, but in terms of personality and understanding, Tao Qian is actually a person suitable for the chaotic world, rather than the Dunhou elder portrayed in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The environment of Xuzhou at the time of Tao Qian's death
Tao Qian and Cao Cao fought against each other, and Cao Cao twice conquered Xuzhou, causing great damage to Xuzhou. But Xuzhou had not been eaten after all, and it had a high value, otherwise Liu Bei would not have heeded Chen Qun's advice and risked eating this hot potato. First, let's take a look at the environment in Xuzhou at that time. In the north of Xuzhou, there were Zang Ba, Sun Guan, Sun Kang, Wu Dun, Yin Li and other powerful people, which were considered to be subordinate to Xuzhou, but there was a certain degree of independence; I don't know where there was another haoqiang Changba, nor did I know what the relationship with Tao Qian was; south of Xuzhou was the powerful Yuan Shu; in the northwest of Xuzhou was Liu Bei, the assassin of Yuzhou, who was stationed in Xiaopei, who was not small in name, but unfortunately it was Tao Qian's guest general who helped Tao Qian guard the gate; a little farther northwest was Cao Cao and Lü Bu, who were in a state of war. These are basically the characters.
Due to the avoidance system of local governors during the Eastern Han Dynasty, people from Xuzhou could not become Xuzhou pastors, and there may be a lack of ambition for self-reliance among the Xuzhou wangs. At this time, someone is needed to take over Xuzhou and protect the safety of the lives and property of the Xuzhou Wang. Let's look at the above people, Zang Ba, these heroic marshals really have no cards, and they have a very strong grassy atmosphere; Lü Bu is also this truth, the warlords are from a military background, and their reputation is not very good; Cao Cao has just slaughtered Xuzhou, the hatred is still very thick, and it must be excluded; Yuan Shu is a good candidate, Liu Bei also mentioned Yuan Shu when pretending to push Xuzhou, but there is a point, Yuan Shu and the Xuzhou Wang clan under the Pi Chen clan have a festival, and the Lower Pi Chen clan must oppose Yuan Shu taking over Xuzhou. After looking around, it seems that Liu Bei is the most suitable candidate. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms also records that Tao Qian gave the will of "not Liu Bei can not settle this state", so Liu Bei was welcomed as Xuzhou Mu.
The possibility that Tao Qian's will was forged
Why did Tao Qian let Xuzhou become a beautiful talk? In fact, the state pastor itself did not have hereditary power, but at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the central to the local chaos, the state pastor and a small king are not too far apart, like Liu Yan, Liu Biao, Yuan Shao, these more ambitious people, basically believe that their son is the next state pastor, continue to rule the state under their jurisdiction. Tao Qian had two sons, named Tao Shang and Tao Ying. Tao Qian did not hand over Xuzhou to his two sons, which showed his loyalty and integrity.
This is recorded in black and white in the historical data, which is a traditional view, and this needs to be affirmed. However, in the editor's opinion, there may be a possibility that Tao Qian originally wanted to hand over Xuzhou to Tao Shang and Tao Ying, but his will was tampered with. Although this conspiracy theory is not supported by evidence, there is room for existence. Let's talk about it below.
First of all, the source of Tao Qian's will was Xuzhou's other drivers, and it was also Xuzhou's huge rich Mi Zhu who came from. And the one who clearly supported Liu Bei was also Chen Deng, who was from the Lower Pi Chen clan. They have common characteristics, they are all natives of Xuzhou, and their relationship with Liu Bei is very good. Mi Zhu completely tied himself to Liu Bei's chariot, followed Liu Bei all the way to Yizhou when Liu Bei was most depressed, and although Chen Deng did not have such a relationship with Liu Bei, he also got along very well with Liu Bei, and when Liu Bei later ran to Liu Bei to "talk about heroes", he gave Chen Deng a very high evaluation. Moreover, as mentioned above, Liu Bei's becoming Xuzhou Mu was in line with Chen Deng's demands.
However, Tao Qian's concubine Xu Tan, who was from Danyang, was an opponent of Liu Bei and later helped Lü Bu betray Liu Bei. Originally, Xiaobian thought that this might be because Liu Bei relied too much on Guan Yu and Zhang Fei and squeezed the military power of Xu Tan and Cao Bao, the generals of Tao Qian, but now Xiao Bian believed that there was another possibility, that is, Xu Yan was loyal to Tao Qian's father and son, and he was very dissatisfied with Liu Bei's airborne landing.
It was not that something similar happened during the Three Kingdoms period. When Liu Dai, the assassin of Yanzhou, was defeated and killed by the Yellow Turban of Qingzhou, it was some state officials and celebrities in Yanzhou who welcomed Cao Cao to become Yanzhou Mu. Does Liu Dai have no sons? Not necessarily. However, on the whole, Cao Cao was the state pastor who most met the psychological expectations of yanzhou locals, so Cao Cao became yanzhou pastor. The same Liu Bei is more in line with the psychology of the Xuzhou people than the pottery merchants and Tao Ying, and judging from Liu Bei's consistent communication with celebrities and heroes, the means of forging personal connections, and the relationship between Mi Zhu, Chen Deng, and Liu Bei, Liu Bei is likely to have a lot of relations with some of the noble families in Xuzhou before Tao Qian's death. Therefore, it is also possible for Mi Zhu and others to come up with a fake Tao Qian's will as a legal theory (in fact, there is no legal theory at all), and to support Liu Bei's ascension to the throne to give him more treatment and military protection.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zizhi Tongjian, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Historical Atlas of China