People know that Romania participated in The Second World War, and since operation Barbarossa, there have been Romanians on the Eastern Front, so how did Romania behave in the early days of the war? How did their opponent, the Soviet Union, perform? How did Romania end up with the Soviet Union?
One. Romanian
By the 9th century, a Ruthenian kingdom had emerged in northeastern Romania, presumably in the region of present-day Besarabia, and they were attached to the confident Polish ball (the emotional entanglement of the Polish ball and the Ruthenian ball is not a major part of this article, so I decided to leave it aside. ）
By the 14th century, the Roman lands had been divided into three parts with the Mongol invasion, the Wallachian ball, the Moldavian ball, and the Transylvanian ball. With the decline of the Eastern Roman Empire, the nobles of the Roman lands had an idea:
"I thought, I inherit the jurisprudence of the Roman sphere, and deserve to have the land of Rome."
In the 15th century, the land of Rome was conquered by the rising Ottoman Empire, and the Wallachian and Moldovan balls became the vassals of the Ottoman ball, while the Transylvanian ball and the Hungarian ball were in a honeymoon state.
The influx of ottomans injected fresh blood into the land of Rome, and of course, with fresh blood, there were naturally new nobles, and the new nobles and the old nobles came together and had new ideas, "I think, we have inherited the dual jurisprudence of the Roman ball and the Ottoman ball, and they deserve to have the land of Rome and the Black Sea region ruled by the Ottomans." ”
So when the Ottoman Empire began to decline, there were several rebellious wars in the Romanian lands. (At this time, the Russian ball, who lived next door, married the princess of the Golden Horde and the last princess of Byzantium and took the Orthodox Church as the state religion, so the Russian ball claimed that it had the right to inherit the inheritance of the Byzantine Empire and the Golden Horde, so the two sides went back and forth around the land of Rome, and they did not hesitate to fight each other.) ）
At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia took Moldova, which caused dissatisfaction among ottoman Turkey, the suzerainty of the Roman lands, and the two sides fought fiercely.
In 1856, with the defeat of Tsarist Russia and Ottoman Turkey for control of Crimea, when the land of Rome finally got its wish, Wallachia and Moldova once again jumped out, each electing their own king to live a small life, soon Wallachian ball and Moldovan ball combined, at first the nobles wanted to name the new kingdom Ottoman Romania, but considering the traditional anti-Ottoman sentiment in Europe, they retreated to romania.
In 1877, Romania officially broke away from Ottoman control, and then in 1918 Romania welcomed back its long-lost brother Transylvania, and a formally unified Romanian national state was born on the Roman lands.
Two. The old king next door, the Slavic bear, snoops on the land of Rome
(The Russian sphere married the Princess of the Golden Horde and the last Princess of Byzantium and took the Orthodox Church as the state religion, claiming that he had the right to inherit the inheritance of the Byzantine Empire and the Golden Horde, so he came and went with the rulers of Romania.) ）
Just when Romania was glad that his father Osman and his friends finally beat up the "old king" of the next door with a big waist and a round tiger and a bear's waist, the old king next door with a blue nose and a swollen face returned, but romania's small arms could not twist their thighs, and in 1877, Romania obediently recognized southern Moldova as the territory controlled by Tsarist Russia.
(Today's South Bessarabia, a triangle formed by the Transnistrian, Prut-Danube and Black Sea rivers borders Ukraine, with plains and hills in the territory, with highlands in the center and black calcareous soil in two-thirds of the land.) The northern and central parts belong to the forest grassland belt, and the southern part is grassland. There are many rivers and abundant groundwater resources. ）
After the end of World War I, the Principality of Moldova declared itself free from the control of Tsarist Russia and subsequently merged with Romania. At this time, the country's indisputable tsarist Russia naturally did not have time to deal with moldova's affairs, after the establishment of the Soviet Union, based on national defense needs and traditional contradictions, once again targeted moldova, Romania was frightened and flew away, asking for support and protection everywhere.
Although Britain and Germany provided some protection and assistance.
However, in 1940, the Soviet Union, which evolved from a Slavic bear to a Slavic red-haired giant bear, finally carried out a military operation against Moldova, the armored units of the Soviet Red Army entered the Besarabia region, the Red Army paratroopers parachuted into the romanian rear of the important transportation facilities to cut off the retreat of the Romanian army, the weak Romania could not withstand the huge Slavic fur bear, Romania and Moldova once again "divorced", the Republic of Moldavia was established, Became one of the Republics of the Soviet Union.
Three. Contradictions between Romania and the Slavic Bear always broke out
Because of the superposition of contradictions that lasted for a hundred years, Romania finally had no patience with the Soviet Union and the Russians, and they chose to join the Axis Powers
On the day of the outbreak of war in 1941, romanian bomber groups bombed the Soviet city of "Odessa" for the first time, and later, the Soviet Black Sea Fleet shelled the Romanian port of "Constanta", and on the same day, the Naval Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet carried out air raids on romanian ports.
Since 23 June, the Black Sea Fleet naval formations have continued to shell Romanian ports, while black sea fleet aviation has carried out continuous strategic air raids on Romanian ports and oil fields.
In early July alone, air raids by the Air Raids of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet airstrikes burned Romania's important industrial strategic facilities , the Ploieşti Oil Field " and the "Iulia Refinery " , for three days.
In less than two months Romania's oil production was cut by about 30%, which seemed to give the ambitious Marshal Antonescu a blow to the glory of the Roman Empire, so Hitler and Antonescu decided to seize the Black Sea coastal areas of the Soviet Union to relieve the threat of the Navy and Air Force of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, according to the agreement, Romania sent more troops to participate in the German operations against the Soviet Union, in return, Germany would hand over the Odessa and Crimea regions to Romania, To help Romania regain its claimed sovereign territory.
On 27 July, a joint army of Romania and Germany attacked the Odessa Military District on the coast in the direction of the Black Sea of the Soviet Union.
Romania used a total of 17 divisions in this battle, and Romania and the Luftwaffe used a total of 9 bomber brigades. The Soviet defensive force consisted of 4 divisions and about two air brigades.
From the very beginning of the battle, the two sides were caught in a scorching battle for positions, and the imposing Romanian First Panzer Division was also severely damaged in the battle and had to return to the country for repairs, although the cost was so heavy but not that there was no return, the Romanian Army, relying on its superiority in strength, successfully drove the inferior Soviet army out of the outer defense line after two months of fighting, and compressed the Soviet army into the city of Odessa.
By October, Odessa, the pearl of the Black Sea, had become an isolated city, and it had become pointless to continue to hold on, so the Soviets fled from the sea and land, and the Romanian army, which had paid a heavy casualty, retaliated against the Soviet civilians who failed to evacuate the city in time.
This was not the end of it, and then the Romanian army followed the German army to launch an attack on the Crimea region, after all, according to the agreement, as long as Romania assisted the German army in taking out the Soviet base in Crimea, Germany would satisfy Romania's territorial desires.
From the beginning of October 41, the Romanian army began to assist the German army to attack Crimea, starting from the Cape Pilekop, the German army opened fire, Romanian deaths seemed to become a norm, a large number of Romanian pre-war trained veteran soldiers fell on the road against the Soviet army, in the Crimean hinterland after the breakthrough of Pirekop headland seemed to be undefended, the Romanian army finally caught up with the tailwind, the Axis army rushed all the way to occupy almost all of Crimea, but the good days were not long, The last obstacle to the occupation of Crimea was Sevastopol at the Navy and Air Force base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Soviet Red Navy.
Since crimea is to be occupied, it is necessary to capture Sevastopol,
Once the Tsar's army had stubbornly resisted here for 11 months in the face of the Anglo-French-Turkish coalition forces, Sevastopol, now facing the fortifications surrounded by iron barrels, even the German army could not stand it, and the battle between the Rhodes army and the Soviet Union here lasted for 250 days
After the two sides paid a heavy price, the Soviets had to abandon Crimea to carry out the retreat.
After the battle, Romania even held a victory parade to "restore" Odessa and Crimea, but this did not mean that everything was over, the German army only nominally transferred Crimea to Romanian administration, and the war continued.
In 1944, the Axis forces were defeated, and Romania, which had spent nearly a generation in the war, chose the "uprising" with the Soviet army on the border, turning the muzzle of the gun to assist the Soviet Union in attacking Germany. With the fall of Berlin by the Soviet Union, the Romanian war was also over.
After the end of World War II, Romania was transformed into the Republic of Romania in 1947. The Romanians are also a mixed-up of a winner's position, although it is a bit embarrassing.
epilogue
Moldova, which has been in contention for a hundred years, still exists as an independent state, and if it had been known today, the two sides might not have chosen to go to war, paying so much under the pretext of restoring the glory of the past and the national contradictions, and in the end they got nothing.
bibliography:
The Battle Over Sevastopol 1941-1942