(Chenghai original, plagiarism must be investigated.) This number has been signed with the Knight of Rights)
Liu Wenhui
Liu Wenhui served as the chairman of Sichuan Province, and then ruled Xikang Province for ten years, and was known as the "King of Xikang". From the beginning of the Northern Expedition to the liberation of the whole country, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to get rid of it for nearly 20 years, but he never succeeded.
In fact, the contradiction between Chiang Kai-shek and Liu Wenhui has historical origins. After Chiang Kai-shek stole the central government in the late 1920s, anti-Chiang Kai-shek waves rose within the Kuomintang, and warlord wars continued one after another. Liu Wenhui, the chairman of Sichuan Province and the commander of the 24th Army, has more than 100,000 troops, and in order to win the Central Plains, he also joined the ranks of anti-Chiang Kai-shek.
In December 1929, he and Tang Shengzhi and others jointly sent a telegram against Chiang Kai-shek in an attempt to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down. In March 1930, Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, and Li Zongren organized a coalition army to discuss Chiang Kai-shek, and the Central Plains War broke out. Liu Wenhui secretly sent troops to Wuhan to coordinate with the combined forces of Feng and Yan, and in September sent another telegram to openly oppose Chiang Kai-shek, but Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan ultimately failed.
Chiang Kai-shek therefore held a grudge against Liu Wenhui and plotted revenge, but Liu Wenhui, as a local warlord, could not ignore his power and influence, and Sichuan was located in a remote area, and it was not easy to march, and there was no way to take Liu Wenhui, so he had to wait for an opportunity.
In the autumn of 1932, in Sichuan, there was a "Second Liu" war between Liu Wenhui and Liu Xiang's uncle and nephew, and Chiang Kai-shek secretly supported Liu Xiang, which made Liu Wenhui suffer a big loss, lose soldiers, and had to lead 20,000 remnants of his army to retreat to Xikang.
Liu Wenhui (right) Liu Xiang (center) Deng Xihou (left)
In 1935, when the Central Red Army's Long March was marching north through Xikang, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu Wenhui's 24th Army to block along the Jinsha River and the Dadu River, and on the other hand sent the Central Army to pursue, in a vain attempt to wipe out the Red Army south of the Dadu River and take the opportunity to control Xikang. The Central Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, grabbed the Dadu River, and triumphantly passed through the territory of Xikang. Chiang Kai-shek blamed this on the 24th Army and wanted to bring liu Wenhui's two brigade commanders to justice, but Liu Wenhui vigorously defended himself and refused to carry out Chiang's orders, which caused Chiang Kai-shek's dissatisfaction. However, at this time, the contradiction between Chiang Kai-shek and the Sichuan warlord Liu Xiang was also becoming more and more acute, and he was deeply afraid that Liu Xiang would dominate Chuankang alone and would be difficult to subdue, so it was necessary for Liu Wenhui to confront Liu Xiang, but he also pulled and fought against Liu Wenhui. After that, Liu Wenhui was appointed as the chairman of Xikang Province, combining military and political power.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek sought to eliminate local forces in order to consolidate his rule over Chuankang. Liu Wenhui, as the "Emperor of the Earth" who was the hegemon, did not allow Chiang Kai-shek's forces to reach in. On the one hand, Liu Wenhui united the powerful factions in Sichuan and Yunnan as foreign aid; on the other hand, he resisted by "opening the door to the economy" (not hindering the economic activities of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Xikang), "opening the door politically" (allowing Chiang Kai-shek to send a small number of personnel to participate in the party and government work in Xikang Province), and "closing the door militarily" (refusing Chiang Kai-shek to send troops to Xikang).
In order to control Xikang and monitor Yunnan, in 1939, shortly after the establishment of the Xikang Provincial Government, Jiang set up the "Chairman of the Military Commission, Xichang Xingyuan", in Xichang. After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it was renamed xichang police headquarters. Liu Wenhui also set up a "Xikang Provincial Tun reclamation committee" to oppose it.
Map of the administrative districts of Xikang Province
In 1939, Chiang Kai-shek sent his concubines to recruit troops in Ya'an to prepare to establish a division to control Xikang. In the spring of 1941, Liu Wenhui took advantage of the fact that he was not yet armed, and forced him to disband with troops, and Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to admit the facts.
In 1941, chiang kai-shek, in order to divide and weaken the 24th Army created by Liu Wenhui himself, appointed a division commander of Liu Zhi's 24th Army as its commander, and ordered a division of the 24th Army to go to northern Shaanxi to participate in the anti-communist campaign.
In 1942, Chiang Kai-shek, citing the refusal of the Tibet provincial government to build the Kang-Tibet Highway, ordered the 24th Army to send troops to fight and destroy the 24th Army on the Tibetan plateau. Liu Wenhui could not resist hard, so he turned to soft drag, asked Chiang Kai-shek for guns and money, and his wife expanded the establishment; Chiang Kai-shek was willing to spend money to expand Liu Wenhui's pseudo-forces, and finally had to suspend the use of troops against Tibet on the grounds of financial difficulties.
In the spring of 1944, Chiang Kai-shek attempted to send a brigade into Xikang, and Liu Immediately sent his troops to resist the brigade's entry into Kang with force, and mobilized local people to oppose Chiang Kai-shek and held a demonstration, which caused a storm in the city, and Chiang was forced to withdraw his troops for fear of expanding the situation.
In the spring of 1946, Jiang wanted to transfer Liu to the central authorities by transferring the tiger away from the mountain, but Liu resolutely refused. Soon, under the pretext of dividing the military and the government, Jiang asked Liu Wenhui to surrender his military power, and under the guise of reorganizing the army, he changed the 24th Army into an integrated division, which Liu ostensibly changed, but in fact remained unchanged and firmly controlled the 24th Army. In 1948, Chiang ordered the 24th Army to send troops to participate in the "investigation of chaos", and Liu resisted on the grounds that xikang's border defense was important and the troops were scattered and could not be mobilized. As a result, during the Liberation War, the 24th Army never sent a single soldier to participate in the civil war.
In fact, our Party's united front work with the Sichuan Army began as early as the Northern Expedition and has never been interrupted since then. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the leaders of our Party either arranged for personnel to talk to him or personally talked to him to persuade Liu Wenhui to remain neutral during the War of Liberation and to go to the side of the people as soon as possible.
In August 1937, the leader of our party personally talked with Zhang Zhihe, an underground member of the COMMUNIST Party and Liu Wenhui's veteran general, and proceeding from the long-term strategic goal of our party, encouraged Zhang Zhihe to lurk for a long time and take advantage of the contradiction between Chiang Kai-shek and Liu Wenhui to persuade Liu Wenhui not to be Chiang Kai-shek's lackey, not to seriously oppose me, and to remain neutral.
In the summer of 1939, Dong Biwu and Lin Boqu met with Liu Wenhui. At that time, the theory of the war of resistance against japanese aggression and the subjugation of the country was on the rise among the Kuomintang ruling faction, and Dong Biwu and others analyzed the situation at home and abroad and expounded the principle that the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression would be victorious and compromise would be defeated, thus enabling Liu Wenhui to strengthen his confidence in the victory of the War of Resistance.
In February 1942, Zhou Enlai met with Liu Wenhui in Chongqing and pointed out: At present, the demands of the Chinese people are to persist in resisting Japan and opposing surrender; to uphold unity and oppose separatism; to persist in progress and oppose retrogression; and the key lies in upholding democracy and opposing dictatorship. It is necessary to promote the unity of the local democratic forces in the southwest through the unity of Sichuan and Kang themselves, so as to have the strength to struggle against Chiang Kai-shek, and expressed the willingness of our Party to give resolute political support. Zhou Enlai's words had a great influence on Liu Wenhui's political choice. After this meeting, the relationship between Liu and our party has also entered the stage of practical cooperation from general contact.
In June 1942, Wang Shaochun of our party went to Liu Wenhui's department and set up a secret radio station to contact Yan'an directly.
From 1943 to 1944, Chiang Kai-shek pressed Liu Wenhui, who was in a very difficult situation. In June and July 1944, Wang Ruofei took the initiative to advise Liu and incisively analyzed: The nature of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary clique is to be a strong external cadre, as long as they dare to struggle, they will retreat in spite of difficulties, and if they compromise and give in, they will gain inches and finally eliminate you. The help and support of our party encouraged Liu Wenhui to continue his struggle with Chiang Kai-shek.
In the spring of 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the old CPPCC in Chongqing, Zhou Enlai, at a delicate opportunity, met with Liu Wenhui again and pointed out: No matter how the situation evolves, struggle is inevitable, and Chiang Kai-shek must not let down his vigilance for a moment, and encouraged Liu to do a good job in Xikang work and win the support of the people. Zhou Enlai's remarks pointed out the direction for Liu Wenhui's future political choices, and also played a great role in promoting Liu Wenhui's final choice of uprising.
On December 9, 1949, Liu Wenhui teleported an uprising. Since then, he has completely shaken off his 20-year-long grudge with Chiang Kai-shek and gone to the side of the people.
Beacon believes that there are three main reasons why Liu Wenhui was able to persist in fighting chiang kai-shek for more than 20 years without being destroyed by him:
First, under the influence of our Party, Liu Wenhui's thinking gradually changed, and his political views gradually moved closer to our Party, which laid the political foundation for him to electrify the uprising.
The second point is the geographical advantage, whether it is Sichuan or Xikang, they are relatively remote, and it is indeed inconvenient for Chiang Kai-shek to use troops against them.
The third and most important point is that the Communist Party has always supported him behind him, encouraging him to continue his struggle with Chiang Kai-shek, and with the support of the Communist Party, he also has his worries and let go of confrontation with Chiang Kai-shek.
In his later years, Liu Wenhui and his family
Liu Wenhui was awarded the Order of Liberation of the First Class in 1955. He successively served as vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and minister of the State Forestry Department.