After the Japanese General Staff Headquarters created the "Huanggutun Incident," the Japanese side intensified its encroachment on the northeast, and constantly advised Zhang Xueliang to draw a clear line with the Nanjing government and establish a "gateway" on its own, and promised that if the Nanjing government sent troops to the northeast, the Japanese army would send troops to assist.
Zhang Xueliang, who had just taken over the northeast, resolutely decided to change his mind after consideration, and repeatedly refused the advice of the Japanese, and the Japanese side turned the advice as a threat, and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiichi Tanaka sent a secret telegram to Japanese Consul General Hayashi Kujiro of Shenyang, who met with Zhang Xueliang several times and warned him not to compromise with the south.
After being rejected again, Lieutenant General Okamura, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, met with Zhang Xueliang again and told Zhang Xueliang not to change his name, otherwise "the Kwantung Army will not sit idly by." Zhang Xueliang, under pressure from Japan, had to be rescheduled for July 24, when the three eastern provinces were electrified and changed.
Northeast Yizhi
On December 29, 1928, Zhang Xueliang, who insisted on Changing Banners, suddenly sent a telegram to the whole country, announcing: From now on, the Northeast will abide by the Three People's Principles, obey the National Government, and change its flag (replacing the five-color flag of the Beiyang Government with the red flag of the Nationalist Government).
On the same day, the National Government in Nanjing sent a telegram to Zhang Xueliang and others: "There are high hopes for completing reunification, defending border defense, and working together to match china's prosperity of independence, freedom, and equality." "China thus gained formal unity.
Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek
The Japanese side, which interfered in China's internal affairs without results, proposed "improving relations with China" shortly after Changing Banner in northeast China, but in fact continued to strengthen its garrison in the northeast to hide the sharp edge of aggression against China.
In July 1929, Zhang Xueliang, who was already the commander of the Northeast, wanted to revoke the Soviet prerogatives in the northeast, shut down the Soviet commercial organization in Harbin, and began to take back the Middle East Railway. On August 14, Stalin ordered Soviet troops to attack northeast along the Middle East Road, and the Northeast Army led by Zhang Xueliang was defeated by the Soviets. Zhang Xueliang was forced to sign a protocol in Burleigh to restore Soviet privileges on railways in the Middle East.
On the eve of the Central Plains War, Jiang, Feng and Yan took a group photo
In March 1930, the Central Plains War broke out. On September 18, 1930, Zhang Xueliang sent out a "smart telegram" in favor of Chiang Kai-shek, and lost no time in sending troops to North China, and in more than 10 days, the Northeast Army completed the occupation of the Pingjin area.
In 1931, Zhang Xueliang once again transferred troops into Guanguan in order to fight Shi Yousan, resulting in a further emptiness of troops in the three eastern provinces. All this gives an opportunity for Japanese imperialism, which has been plotting for a long time in northeast China. On September 18, a year after Zhang Xueliang entered the customs, the Japanese Kwantung Army brazenly launched the "918 Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries.
Soon after, the three northeastern provinces fell on the Nanjing side and in Zhang Xueliang's policy of retreat and neutrality.