Speaking of China's largest province, in addition to Xinjiang, it is presumably Tibet. Of course, there is no more familiar song than the "Qinghai-Tibet Plateau", which resounds throughout the north and south of the river.
Tibetan
Tibet is located in the southwest of China, the world's first roof, The first ladder of China, and an inseparable part of China. The Tibetans originated from various tribes in the western part of our country, and the integration of diversity and unity. Before the 7th century AD, there were very few records of Tibet in the history books, and when we really talk about Tibet, we may think of the story of Princess Wencheng and Songtsen Gampo and his relatives. The New Book of Tang records that Nong Zan (Song Zan Gampo) led his troops to greet Him in Baihai, saw Emperor Daozong, performed consortship and courtesy, saw the beauty of Chinese costumes, and shrank and was ashamed. When he returned to China, he did not have a daughter of the Emperor before, but built a city for the princess to praise the future generations, and then set up a palace to live in.
Princess Wencheng
Speaking of peace and affinity, it is actually a manifestation of the local regime's yearning for the prosperous Tang Empire. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's reign (633 AD), Zangbu Songzan Gampo unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, established the Tubo Dynasty, and moved the capital to Lhasa (present-day Lhasa).
In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634 AD), an envoy was sent to reconcile with Tang, and marriage was not allowed.
So Yu Zhenguan led 200,000 to attack the Tang vassal state of Tuguhun in ten years, and Tang sent 50,000 troops, and Tubo was defeated.
In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638 AD), he offered 5,000 taels of gold and 100 pieces of treasure, but he was rejected.
Princess Wencheng entered Tibet
In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (640 AD), the chancellor Lu Dongzan proposed marriage again, and Emperor Taizong of Tang married Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gampo. In 641, Princess Wencheng entered the house. The New Book of Tang records that "in the fifteenth year, his wife was princess Wencheng, the daughter of Emperor Wencheng, and the king of Zhaojiangxia, Daozong, held the festival to escort him, and built the kingdom of the king of Heyuan." Princess Wencheng brought hundreds of craftsmen of hundreds of crops, various classic history books, and promoted the economic and cultural development of Tibet.
In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (649 AD), Emperor Gaozong of Tang conferred on Songzan Gampo the title of "King of Xihai Commandery" and later the title of "King of Gongcong".
Fifty years later, Tubo annexed Tuguhun.
Until the second year of Tang Shenlong (706 AD), Tang Fan's first meeting was called "Divine Dragon Alliance Oath",
In the fourth year of Tang Jinglong (710 AD), Princess Jincheng entered Tibet.
Uncle Monument
Tang and Tubo alliances have a total of eight times "a round of the sun and moon in the sky, a pair of uncles and nephews on the earth", although the war conflict is more of a family after all.
The Tang Dynasty declined and disappeared, and tubo also declined and divided for more than four hundred years. During the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty defeated the Tubo forces and enfeoffed them. Until the thirteenth century, Tibet was officially brought under the jurisdiction of the central government (Yuan Zhigong provided a basis for future generations). In the seventh year of Chunyou (1247 AD), the fourth generation of the Sakya sect's ancestor Sakya Panzhida Gonggajian agreed that the second son of the Mongol Great Khan Wo Kuotai, Kuoduan, would negotiate in Liangzhou on tibet's peaceful return to Mongolia, known in history as the "Liangzhou Talks", which is of epoch-making significance.
Liangzhou Huimeng
In 1260, Kublai Khan succeeded to the Khan's throne, moved the capital to Beijing in 1264, and set up the General Bureau (later renamed Xuanzhengyuan) in the same year to manage the military and political affairs of Buddhism and Tibetan areas. In 1271, Kublai Khan changed the Yuan system, and the nephew of the "Yuan" Saban, Basiba, was given the title of Guoshi, Emperor Shi, and Dabao Dharma King. Xana dorjee was given the title of administrative official, judge, and given the title of "King of Brandland", and was given the title of Seal. It was divided into three xuanwei envoys to manage and garrison the army, and the appointment and dismissal of officials was decided by the imperial division and the Xuanzheng Yuan at the request of the central government. The Yuan Dynasty conducted three censuses in 1268 and 1287 in 1334, which planned to send out 10,000 households, approved taxes, and established a unified form between the central and local governments until the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
Uszang
The subordination of Tibet to the central government did not change due to the fall of the Yuan Dynasty. The Ming government retained a large pluralistic system for Tibet, and major officials were appointed and dismissed by the central government. Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty, who divided tibet into religious leaders of various factions on a large scale, was known in history as "many seals and many people's construction", and gave seals to various factions to facilitate the administration of Tibet.
In the fifteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1587 AD), the Wanli Emperor sent emissaries to award the Dor'er Singing Seal (In Tibetan Vajradhara) to the Third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso, at the funeral of the head of the Mongol Tumut tribe of the Ming Dynasty' Crown Prince of Shunyi.
In the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty (1578 AD), Qata Khan gave Sonam Gyatso the honorific title (not the title).
See the picture
In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652 AD), the fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso calendar, came to Beijing for several months to make a pilgrimage to the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. There were many people in the entourage this time, and the Shunzhi Emperor received them many times, and gave them many rewards, and gave them titles (too long to omit) and gold seals. The Dalai Lama's dominant position was established.
In the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1713 AD), the Fifth Dalai Lama died, and Tibet fell into chaos, so it was decreed that another leader, the Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobsang Yeshe, was named "Panchen Erdene". At this point, two living Buddha systems were established, which were granted by the central government for generations.
In the fifty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1717 AD), the mongol Dzungar chieftain sneaked into Tibet.
The following year (1718), the fourteenth son of the emperor, Yong Yu, was sent to lead the army to negotiate
In 1720, the Kangxi Dynasty expelled the Dzungars from Tibet.
In the 60th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1721 AD), 3,000 troops were stationed in Lhasa.
In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1726 AD), the Qing Dynasty sent a Qincha to Tibet, set up a yamen, and a minister stationed in Tibet to administer Tibet.
In the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751 AD), the Seventh Dalai Lama was formally appointed to take charge of local affairs in Tibet, and four Kalons were created to form the Kashag to obey the orders of the minister stationed in Tibet and the Dalai Lama.
In the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788 AD), the Gurkha invaded Tibet, and the Qing government sent Fu Kang'an and Hailancha into Tibet to fight back, beating the Gorkha back to Kathmandu, the Gurkha king begging, and the Qing army returning to Tibet.
In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (1793 AD), the Twenty-Nine Articles of the Statute of the Aftermath of the Imperial Household were promulgated.
Statutes for the Aftermath of The Interior of Tibet
Article 1 of the Constitution "Golden Vase Signature System" All Dalai Lamas, Panchen Erdeni and other reincarnations of the great tibetan living Buddhas must be canonized under the auspices of the central government and approved by the central authorities. (CentralLy assigned ruling)
Article 10 stipulates that the minister stationed in Tibet shall supervise and supervise The affairs of Tibet on an equal footing with the Dalai Lama Panchen Erdeni. Joint consultation in handling political affairs is a subordinate relationship. No matter how big or small, they must obey the minister stationed in Tibet. (The Minister in Tibet is equal to the Dalai Lama and belongs to the same Provincial Official of Erpin Province)
The Minister in Tibet is in charge of the political, foreign affairs, economy, law, military, religious and other general affairs of the whole Tibet region. The Dalai Lama's Panchen Lama can only be forwarded through the minister stationed in Tibet.
Marks the institutionalization of management. The possession and exercise of sovereignty over Tibet is an objective existence. After experiencing the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (not the Qing dynasty), Tibet eventually became an inseparable part of our country!