Warring States Seven Heroes of the Shang Martingale Transformation Law

Among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, the Qin State was political, economic, and cultural

In terms of being behind the princely states of the Central Plains.

In 361 BC,

The new monarch of the Qin state is on the throne, which is Qin Xiaoxiao

public. He was determined to be angry and try to be strong, to govern the Qin state into a strong country, and he did

The first thing is to recruit talent. A noble gongsun martingale of the Wei kingdom

(later shang martingale),

When defending the country, the monarch did not reuse him.

I heard that the Qin State is recruiting talents,

He came to the Qin Kingdom and was introduced by the trustee

Duke Xiao of Qin.

Shang Martin said to Qin Xiaogong: "For a country to be rich and strong, it must develop

Agriculture, rewarding soldiers;

To govern the country, there must be rewards and punishments, rewards and punishments

Clearly, the imperial court will establish its prestige, and all reforms will be easy to carry out

Come on. ”

Martingale image

Shang Martin's words were very much in line with Qin Xiaogong's wishes. However, some nobles and ministers of the Qin state vigorously opposed it.

After two years, Duke Xiao of Qin controlled the imperial court and stabilized the throne, so he worshipped Shang Martingale as Zuo Shuchang (the official name of the Qin state) and took it

The matter of reforming the system is given full authority to the martingale to decide.

Therefore, Shang Martin drafted a reform decree, but feared that the people would not trust him and would not abide by the new law. He pooped

After thinking of a method, he asked the people to erect a three-foot-tall piece of wood at the south gate of the capital, and ordered, "Who can carry this wood?"

When the north gate goes, this person will be rewarded with 10 taels of gold. ”

After a while, there were a lot of people around the south gate, everyone you look at me, I look at you, but no one came forward

Carry wood.

Shang Martin knew that the people did not believe his orders, so he added another 40 taels to the bounty. However, the higher the bounty, the more lively it is

The more people feel unreasonable, no one still dares to carry it.

While everyone was hesitating, a man ran out of the crowd, and the man said, "I'll try." "Say it

Pick up the wood and go, all the way to the north gate.

Shang Martin immediately sent someone to reward the man carrying the wood with 50 taels of gold. This incident immediately spread and caused a sensation in the Qin state at once.

Since then, the common people have known that Zuo Shuchang's orders are not ambiguous.

In order to further consolidate the rule of the Qin state and strengthen the centralization of power, Shang Martin was established in the nineteenth year of King Xian of Zhou (350 BC)

Make changes on a larger scale.

"Open up the strange feudal territory" and abolish the well field system. "Opening up the land and sealing the territory" means abolishing the state ownership of the land and marking the nationalization of the land

Strange seals removed. The Ida system was first abolished by the Zhao clan in the Jin Dynasty. The Shang martingale transformation method absorbs the experience of Zhao's reform and develops it.

In the territory of the Qin state, the well field system was officially abolished, the land ownership system of landlords and self-cultivated farmers was confirmed, and land purchase was publicly allowed in law

Selling and expanding the system of granting land owned by the government to facilitate the development of the landlord economy and increase the land tax revenue of the landlord regime.

Vigorously promote the county system. Before the second change of the shang martingale, there were already county-level administrative institutions in some areas of the Qin state.

The Shang Martingale Transformation Law introduced this administrative body throughout the country, making it the basic organizational form of local power in the Qin state. Initially set

There were more than 30 counties, and since then, with the expansion of the country, it has increased a lot. Each county has a county order and a county, and the highest row in the county

The chief magistrate is the county order, and the county magistrate is the assistant of the county order. In addition, there are county lieutenants who are in charge of the county's military. The general implementation of the county system will be put

The concentration of local power and military power in the center consolidated centralized feudal rule.

Unify weights and measures. Previously, the weights and measures of various places were different, and it was not convenient for trade exchanges. Unity bucket, barrel, power, balance, zhang,

After measuring the weights and measures, the commercial exchanges between the regions were very convenient, and commerce soon flourished, all of which were taxable and expensive

The unification of the system has had a positive effect.

After the Shang martingale transformation method, the agricultural output of the Qin state increased, and the military strength was also strong. Soon, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei,

Hexi fought from Hexi to Hedong, and finally captured the capital of the State of Wei.

In 350 BC, the Shang martingale carried out a second reform. This reform was opposed by many clans and ministers. Yes

Once, the prince of the Qin state broke the law. Shang Martin said to Qin Xiaogong: "Everyone must abide by the laws of the state. If the person who is in charge does not

To obey, the common people will not trust the court. If the prince breaks the law, he should punish his master. ”

Later, Shang Martin cured the sins of the prince's two masters, Gongzi Qian and Gongsun Jia, one cutting off his nose and the other on his face

Tattooed. In this way, some nobles and ministers did not dare to violate the new law.

In the seventeenth year of King Xian of Zhou (352 BC), the Daliang merchant Martingale led an army to besiege Anyi (安邑, northwest of present-day Xia County, Shanxi), and Anyi fell

Qin. The following year, Shang Martin led an army to attack Guyang of Wei, forcing Guyang to return to Qin. Qin thus crossed Luoshui and regained 408 BC

Part of Hexi was taken away by Wei in 2008.

Expand the territory and move the capital to Xianyang. Xianyang is bordered by the Wei River in the south and the plateau in the north, and is located in the embrace of the Qinling Mountains, which is convenient for travel and convenience

The product of taking the Nanshan Mountains. The scale of Xianyang City is magnificent, and the buildings in the city include the South Gate, the North Gate, the West Gate, and the Xianyang Palace, which is supervised by Shang Martin

Inside the city, the palace complex is connected by numerous palaces, which are majestic and magnificent. In order to strengthen the feudal rule of the Qin Dynasty, the Shang

In accordance with the customs and customs of the Central Plains people, the martingale changed the social customs of Qin. This change of law was also a great success, Qin

The national strength continued to rise after the change, creating conditions for the unification of the six kingdoms by the Qin.