The Battle of Baekjeongguchi, also known as the Battle of Baekcheongang, was a water battle at The Baekgangkou in August of the third year (663) of Emperor Gaozong of Tang's reign and the combined forces of the Wu and Baekje dynasties. At that time, after the change of the Uighur Kingdom (i.e., Japan) and the Great Modernization Reform, the national strength was booming, and Emperor Tenchi had been committed to restoring the dominance of the Uighur State in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, but this war made the Uighur Kingdom see the gap between the two sides, and the Uighur State began to actively learn from the Tang Dynasty, thus laying the political, economic, and cultural pattern of Northeast Asia for more than a thousand years.
Background of the war: The Korean Peninsula is in turmoil, and the Uighurs intend to invade at the opportunity
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were three countries on the peninsula, namely Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, of which Goguryeo was the strongest. Later, there was a coup d'état within Goguryeo, but Tang Taizong did not take the opportunity to attack Goryeo, but instead crowned Gaozang, who had ascended the throne in the coup, as the king of Liaodong County.
Later, Goguryeo and Baekje jointly attacked Silla, Silla asked the Tang Dynasty for help, and Tang Taizong sent troops to attack Goguryeo, killing more than 40,000 goguryeo and capturing more than ten cities, but was forced to withdraw because it entered winter. In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), Tang Taizong mobilized an army of 300,000 people, with Changsun Wuji as the grand commander-in-chief, with the intention of attacking Goguryeo in one fell swoop, but was stopped by Tang Taizong's death shortly after.
Li Shimin
In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (655), Goguryeo, Baekje, and Jingju once again sent troops to attack Silla, capturing more than thirty cities in a row, and Silla asked the Tang Dynasty for help. After the Tang Dynasty persuaded peace to no avail, in the sixth year of Xianqing (660), su Dingfang and others were ordered to lead troops to baekje, "pingqi king's department, thirty-seven counties, three hundred cities, and 760,000 households", and Baekje perished.
When Baekje was attacked by the combined tang and Silla forces, Baekje sent envoys to the Uighur kingdom for help, which was in the late asuka period. In the nineteenth year of Zhenguan (645), the "Otomi Rebellion" broke out in the Uighur Kingdom, and the eldest brother Crown Prince (later Emperor Tenchi), the Nakatomi Kamakura and others assassinated Su I into the deer, eliminating the Su I clan, and the Emperor Ofji was forced to give way to Emperor Hyotoku, while the eldest brother Crown Prince was made crown prince.
On the first day of the first lunar month of the second year of Dahua (646), under the auspices of the eldest brother, Emperor Xiaode promulgated the "Edict of Reform", which formally carried out the reform based on the Tang Dynasty's legal system, which is known in history as "Dahua Reform". This reform enabled the Uighur state to establish a centralized state, which not only perfected the political system of the Uighur state, laid the direction of development of the Uighur state, but also liberated part of the productive forces, and the national strength of the Uighur state began to flourish.
Emperor Tenchi
While enhancing the national strength of his country, the eldest brother of the middle brother also attached great importance to the management of the peninsula, just at this time the peninsula fell into war, Baekje sent envoys to the Uighur kingdom for help, the middle elder brother prince thought that this was a good opportunity to restore the special status of the Uighur state in the south of the peninsula, and began to actively seek troops.
The course of the war: The combined forces of the Tang Dynasty and Silla won more with less, and the combined forces of the Uighurs and Baekje suffered a crushing defeat
After the Tang Dynasty attacked Baekje, the army retreated to its own country, and only Lang left Liu Renyuan with thousands of Tang soldiers to stay at Baekje City, and sent Zuo Weilang to make Wang Wendu the Governor of Xiongjin, but because Wang Wendu died of illness on the way to his post, he replaced him with Liu Renluo.
After seeing the main force of the Tang army retreat, Buyeo Fukshin, the cousin of the Baekje king Buyeo Yici, rebelled against it and gathered the old people of Baekje to rebel, and for a time Baekje "responded to the west", but instead besieged the Tang army in Baekje. After the Tang dynasty learned the news, liu renluo, Wang Wendu and other troops joined forces with the Silla army to rescue Liu Renyan, and as a result, the Baekje army was defeated and retired to Hyoseong.
Later, Liu Renluo launched a surprise attack and attacked the city of Zhendan in one fell swoop, "passing through the road of grain transportation in Silla", while a fire broke out inside Baekje, and Buyeo Fukshin was killed by the prince Buyeo Toyoko. Therefore, Liu Renshi, Liu Renyan, and the king of Silla, Kim Famin, led the army, and Liu Renji and the baekje prince Buyeo Long, who had previously surrendered, led the water army from the Xiongjin River, marched by land and water, and went straight to the mouth of the Baekje River, preparing to join forces and directly attack Zhou Jiancheng.
Schematic diagram of the Battle of Baijiangkou
In August of the third year of Long Shuo (663), Liu Ren's water army arrived at the mouth of the Baijiang River, and more than 400 warships of the Uighur water army also arrived at the battlefield, and the Tang and Wu water armies confronted each other. In this battle, the Tang army only had more than 170 warships and more than 13,000 troops, while the Wei army had more than 1,000 warships and 42,000 soldiers, and the Tang army was at an absolute disadvantage in terms of strength.
However, after the two sides fought, the Tang army relied on the well-designed ships and proper tactics to win four battles and four victories, and the Japanese warships were burned very seriously, and for a time "the smoke rose in the sky and the sea was red." In this battle, the Uighur army lost thousands or drowned or was killed, all of which sank to the bottom of the Mouth of the Baijiang River. The water army was defeated, and the Baekje and Uighur armies were not opponents of the Tang army, buyeo Fengyue escaped and fled, and the Baekje royal family and generals in Zhouliu City, as well as the remnants of the Uighur army, "fell at the same time".
After the destruction of Baekje, in the first year of the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (668), the Tang Dynasty, with the general Li Ji as his commander, led an army to attack Goryeo in a large scale, taking 176 cities and 697,000 households, goryeo was destroyed, the Tang Dynasty set up the Andong Capital Protectorate in its territory, leaving the general Xue Rengui and more than 20,000 Tang soldiers in Pyongyang, and Goryeo eventually became the tang dynasty's rule.
The result of the war: The pattern of Northeast Asia was basically determined, and the Uighurs began to actively learn from the Tang Dynasty
After the Battle of Baijiangkou, the political, economic and cultural pattern of Northeast Asia was basically determined, and the Central Plains Dynasty became the premier power in Northeast Asia. Emperor Tenchi, on the other hand, was a very accomplished politician in Japanese history, and after recognizing the huge gap between his country and the Tang Dynasty, he began to transplant the advanced culture of the Tang Empire on an unprecedented scale, which contributed to the leap forward in The development of Japanese society. Why, then, did the First World War surrender?
Li Zhi
1, the gap between the two sides is too obvious. Due to geographical relations, Japan is too close to the Central Plains Dynasty, and although the national strength of the Uighur Kingdom has increased since the "Change of Otomi" and the "Dahua Reform", it is still not worth mentioning compared with the huge Central Plains Dynasty. The Battle of Baijiangkou made the Uighurs thoroughly recognize the gap between the two countries, especially the all-round backwardness of the Uighurs in terms of system and science and technology, and after realizing their backwardness, the Uighurs naturally gave up the idea of being enemies of the Tang Dynasty, but actively learned from the Tang Dynasty, and then sought their own progress and development. Of course, this also stems from Emperor Tenchi's sober self-awareness and positive attitude towards learning abroad.
2. The Uighur army was basically destroyed. The scale of the Battle of Baijiangkou seems to be small, especially for the Tang Dynasty, compared with the great war of tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of troops, the Tang Dynasty at most sent a partial division. However, the Uighurs sent more than 80% of their own troops, but they still suffered a crushing defeat, and few people were able to escape back. It can be said that this war directly dealt a devastating blow to Japan's military and completely destroyed Japan's ambitions for foreign aggression.
Japan has always worshipped the strong, since the Battle of Baijiangkou, it is with the mutual exchanges with the Central Plains Dynasty, but also made the Japanese side aware of the huge gap between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Central Plains Dynasty, so although the Central Plains Dynasty changed frequently, but until the twentieth year of the Wanli Calendar (1592) Toyotomi Hideyoshi again committed crimes, nearly a thousand years, Japan has never had any provocative thoughts.