The water rolling in the east of the Yangtze River, the waves exhaust the heroes. Success or failure turns empty. The green mountains are still there, a few degrees of sunset red...
In folklore, Zhuge Liang and Liu Bowen have a strong mysterious color, not only know the astronomy and geography, but also know five hundred years before and five hundred years later with a pinch of the finger. Among the many strategists in ancient times, these two people are also outstanding, so who is the most powerful between them? What kind of person was Zhuge Liang in the history books, did he have talent, and why did he fail to help Liu Bei unify the Three Kingdoms?
Friends who like history may have heard a sentence, that is, "Zhuge Liang in the three parts of the world, Liu Bowen in the unification of the country", this sentence can be said to explain their life's achievements. Then, as the top strategist in the Three Kingdoms era, why couldn't Zhuge Liang help Liu Bei unify the Three Kingdoms? Chairman Mao, the great leader of New China, had a unique view of Zhuge Liang's merits and demerits in his life. Let's put aside the known artistic image and analyze it along with Chairman Mao.
First, Zhuge Liang, as the commander-in-chief, did not know how to personally go to the battlefield at a critical moment to plan for war.
When the chairman read the Zizhi Tongjian, he commented on the reasons for the failure of Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition in the book, and made the following comment under the paragraph of the Ma Mo Lost Street Pavilion: "In the first battle, it is advisable to be on the battlefield." From the perspective of the overall strategic situation, the Battle of Jieting can be said to be the key to the success or failure of the Northern Expedition, and at such a critical moment, Zhuge Liang should personally visit the Jieting to plan for the war. At first, Zhuge Liang stayed in Jingzhou, Liu Bei transferred Zhuge Liang into Sichuan, and Zhuge Liang should not have left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou. Letting Guan Yu guard Jingzhou is a wrong move! Guan Yu is proud! Guan Yu looked down on Eastern Wu ideologically and could not conscientiously implement Zhuge Liang's strategic policy of uniting with Wu to resist Cao, which fundamentally negated Zhuge Liang's strategic intentions, and as a result, he lost his base area, lost Jingzhou, and was killed by Eastern Wu himself.
Second, the employment of personnel is improper, and they do not know how to cultivate talents
The Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 71, Wei Jisan records: "In the beginning, Yue Tai guarded the horse, was talented, and was good at discussing military planning, and Zhuge Liang deeply added to the difference. ...... And when he left qishan, Liang did not use the old generals Wei Yan and Wu Yi as the vanguard, but instead took the army of The Governor in front and fought with Zhang Gao at the street pavilion. Rumors violate the brightness of the festival, the measures are annoying, the water is up the mountain, not the stronghold of the city. Zhang Guo extinguished his path, struck, broke it, and scattered the soldiers. Liangjin had no basis, and more than a thousand families in Basi County returned to Hanzhong. Take him to jail and kill him. ”
Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions to the Central Plains in his lifetime, and only the first time was the closest to success, but unfortunately he eventually retired because of the defeat at the Battle of Jieting. The main reason for the defeat at the Battle of Jieting was that Zhuge Liang had improperly employed people. On his deathbed, Liu Bei had a last word to Zhuge Liang, leaving behind a warning that "horses are useless". However, Zhuge Liang had a good personal relationship with Ma Mo, and in the end he ignored Liu Bei's last words and appointed Ma Mo, who was talking on paper, to guard the street pavilion, which led to the failure of the First Northern Expedition.
In addition to improper employment, Zhuge Liang also did everything himself, which seemed to be a bloody move, but in fact he ignored the cultivation of Shu Han talents, and young talents could not get the opportunity to exercise. By the time of the late Shu Han Dynasty, this drawback was exposed, so that there was a dilemma of "no general in Shu, liao into a pioneer". On the other hand, Wei and Wu have done a good job in talent building, for example, after the death of Zhou Yu, the governor of Eastern Wu was more powerful than the next.
Third, military strategic mistakes.
Zhuge Liang said in "Longzhong": "When the world changes, then order a general to send the soldiers of Jingzhou to Xiangwan and Luo, and the general to lead the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan, and the people have not eaten pot pulp to welcome the general. In fact, it was a strategic mistake, because Jingzhou was thousands of miles away from Yizhou, and the division of troops between the two places would inevitably make Liu Bei lose his superiority in troops even more.
In Chairman Mao's view, Zhuge Liang made a correct policy decision by absorbing the lessons of the past. It was these mistakes that led to his inability to help Liu Bei unify the Three Kingdoms.
Judging from the historical results, Zhuge Liang's plan did not succeed, although he also reached a certain strategic goal, but the later development of the situation was not as wise as he said in "Longzhong Pair". Regarding the reasons for Zhuge Liang's defeat, the chairman once commented: "His beginning was mistaken in Longzhong, and he was thousands of miles away and divided into two troops. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhuge divided their forces and were undefeated. Liu Bei was already weak in his army, and Jing and Yi were even farther apart, and under such circumstances, if they still had three troops, the final result would definitely be doomed to failure. Although there are three defects in Zhuge Liang, Chairman Mao also affirmed some of his advantages, such as his spirit of "bowing down and dying later", as well as his inventions. So we must learn to look at things in two.
In fact, these three shortcomings, Zhuge Liang himself probably knows, and he has always wanted to make changes. For example, the chairman commented in the "Zizhi Tongjian Wei JiSI": "After losing the street pavilion, every time it comes out, the light will be in the army." It seems that Zhuge Liang also knew his original mistakes, so he had to personally command every important battle thereafter. However, because his strategy at the beginning went into a misunderstanding, coupled with the fact that the Battle of Yiling dealt too much of a blow to the strength of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang was unable to complete the great cause of helping Shu Han unify the world throughout his life.