Many years ago, there was a TV series called "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan", the plot is witty and humorous but also full of deep meaning, the emperor's favorite in the play, He Yan, has a huge mansion and unparalleled wealth, so what is the gate of his mansion?
1. What is the "gate of the royal palace"
Located on the south bank of Beijing's Houhai Sea, the Qing Gong King's Mansion was originally the residence of the Qianlong Emperor's favorite and Yan, and was later given to Prince Gong, and the gate of this royal palace was the "Gate of the Royal Palace", with three openings and covered with green glazed tiles. There is a clear stipulation in the "Great Qing Huidian": "All the residences of princes, counties, shizi, belles, beizi, zhenguogong, and fuguo dukes are called fu." Among them, the residence of the prince and the county king is called the royal palace. As for those dignitaries who were not the grandsons of FengZilong, although they had titles of knights, or titles of Shangshu, University Scholars, and Military Ministers, their residences could not be called "houses", but only "houses" or "first". In terms of property rights, "fu" and "royal palace" are both imperial property, once the title is removed, it is necessary to withdraw the palace accordingly, in order to prepare for the future division of others, and the "house" is generally private property.
2. Detailed description of the "Gate of the Royal Palace"
As far as the gate of the royal palace is concerned, the five palaces of the prince's palace and the three rooms of the county palace are all sitting north and facing south, and there are door covers (houses with doors, windows and walls) in front of the door, and the aisles are high above the ground. There is a corner gate on the east and west sides of the mansion gate, both called Asi Gate, for people to enter and exit. In the Qing Dynasty Fang Ruishi's "Records of The Banana Xuan", it is said: "There is a gate on the left and right of the main gate of the Foreign Officials' Office, which is called the East Corner Gate and the West Corner Gate, and the Lower Officials and Counselors all enter from the Corner Gate."
The setting of the corner door, so that the gate can be closed on weekdays, according to the time and according to the situation, is designed for the needs of etiquette. Outside the gates of the mansion there are stone lions, lampposts, horse stakes and hooligans (known to the ancients as horses). Opposite the gate is the shadow wall. If the two Ashmen are opposite from east to west and let people pass, there must be a four-square courtyard in it, so there is a pair of stone lions in front of the house, so it is also called "Lion Courtyard". In this pattern, the opposite of the gate of the mansion is not a shadow wall, but a row of bungalows, which used to be the residence of soldiers, or the place of the place.
3. The structure of the "Gate of the Royal Palace"
The number of rooms, decorations, colors, etc. of the palace gate are all built in accordance with the regulations of the system. "The Prince's Mansion is a green glazed tile, each door has three out of sixty gold nails, and the Shizi Mansion is minus the prince's two", baylor House is the main gate of the three, the opening door is one. The roof of the gate of the palace is made of barrel tiles, large ridges, and kissing beasts, and there are immortal beasts on the vertical ridges, drainage ditch drops are made on the gables, the gate is painted red, and the beams are painted in color.
In Ye Guangqian's novel "Picking Mulberries", he described the appearance of a palace gate: "Turning into jing'er hutong, the huge red lacquered gate broke into the eye. The gate is tightly closed, the steps are high, and there are horses. Because no one has walked around for a long time, fine grass has grown in front of the steps, and the upper horse stone has also been buried in most of the way. The figure-eight brick carved shadow wall opposite the gate has long been dilapidated... This is the residence of Prince Pusakdoro. ”
In contrast, the description of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is more specific, and there is a text in the third time: "After walking for another half a day, I suddenly saw two large stone lions crouching on the north side of the street, and three beast head gates... The main entrance is not open, only the east and west doors are in and out. There is a plaque above the main entrance, and on the plaque there are five big characters with the big book '敕造宁国府'... Heading west again, not far, it was still three gates, and fang was rongguo mansion. According to the description of the big stone lion in the text, this gate should be regarded as the layout of the Prince's Palace of the Qing Dynasty. However, in such a royal palace, there should be a "lion courtyard" in front of the door, and the lion cannot be placed in the place facing the street, and the east and west corner gates facing the street should be. Like the Zheng Wangfu, the Liwang Mansion, the Dingwang Mansion, etc. in the Qing Dynasty, the stone lions of the Fudi are all inside the corner gate.
4. Regulation of the "Gate of the Royal Palace"
The palace gate is the highest rank among the house-style gates. There are usually five three-door openings and three one-open doors and two-seated rooms. This gate is located on the central axis of the main mansion and is magnificent. The gate of the Qing Alcohol King's Mansion (now the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China) on the north shore of Beijing's Houhai is a five-room, three-open-door, house-style gate.
In feudal society, the number of rooms, door decorations, decorations, and colors of the gate of the royal palace were all set according to regulations. For example, in the ninth year of Qing Shunzhi, it was stipulated that the main entrance of the prince's palace was five rooms wide, and the opening door was three... Green glazed tiles... There are three out of sixty for each door of gold nails... The door nails of the Shizi Mansion were reduced by two-ninths of the Prince, and the Baylor Mansion was stipulated as five rooms for the main entrance and one for the opening door.
Trivia:
The Gate of the Royal Palace is the highest form of the gate of the courtyard, and its scale far exceeds that of other ordinary gate forms.