Sesame is the main oil crop in China, with a high oil content, and is the highest oil content of several major oil crops. Sesame seeds have a relatively important role in crop cultivation, its growth period is short, about 90-100 days, early harvest does not delay the sowing of stubble crops, and its falling flowers and leaves can increase soil organic matter and fertilize the soil.
In the cultivation of sesame seeds, it is required to have a relatively loose soil, otherwise it is difficult to produce seedlings, it is difficult to obtain high yields, and even grains are not harvested. Why?
First, the cause of root growth characteristics
There are many fine roots of sesame seeds, belonging to the fine root system, shallow into the soil, and its root groups are mainly distributed in the topsoil layer, which is a shallow root crop.
The respiration of sesame root is mainly aerobic respiration, so it requires loose and breathable soil environmental conditions. When the soil is compacted and flooded, it inhibits the aerobic respiration of the root system, weakens the absorption capacity of the root, and produces accumulated carbon dioxide and alcohol, which harms the root system.
Therefore, in the process of sesame growth, it has the characteristics of drought tolerance and flood resistance. To ensure the good development of the sesame root system, especially during the flowering period of growth and absorption, efforts must be made to create environmental conditions for loose, fertile, and easy irrigation and drainage of the topsoil.
In the cultivation and production of sesame seeds, it is necessary to cultivate the loose soil in time, improve the ventilation conditions, and if necessary, cultivate the soil to protect the roots to prevent lodging.
Second, the reason for the characteristics of sesame seeds
The seeds of sesame seeds are small, they do not contain much nutrients, the young shoots are too delicate, the ability to top the soil is too weak, and it is difficult for the seeds to unearth with seed coats. Therefore, the germination of sesame seeds has higher quality requirements for land preparation.
As the saying goes, small seed crops rely on intensive cultivation, and rough hanging is nothing to harvest. The plot where sesame seeds are planted must be intensively cultivated and harrowed, the tillage layer is deep, the soil is finely broken, the upper and lower are solid, the ground is flat, and the moisture is good, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening and breathing.
The measures used in land preparation depend on the soil texture, the loam soil texture is loose, the water retention performance is good, it is easy to achieve a good quality of land preparation, and the seeds can be covered after sowing.
Third, the solution
1, intensive cultivation
The soil of the sandy land is loose and the tillability is good, but the water retention is poor, and the deep ploughing will run faster, so it is required to sow with the tillage and immediately cover the planting and harvest.
Clay land is suitable for poor tillability, and it is not easy to break the soil and level it, so when cultivating, it is required to plough the land, rake heavily, and sow seeds in time.
Spring sesame field is generally winter kang land, the former stubble crop needs to be ploughed in time for autumn or winter ploughing after harvesting, and strive for deep ploughing, so that it can be frozen and thawed in winter to create a suitable soil environment.
Summer and autumn sesame seeds emphasize the rush to prepare the land, because the summer temperature is high and evaporates quickly, and it is easy to run. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the water content of the soil to be cultivated, to maintain the soil moisture, not to cultivate deeply, and to cultivate 15-20 cm deep; the land should be prepared in time, and the general stubble does not stay overnight, otherwise there is a danger of lack of moisture and bad land, and bad seedlings.
2, sowing and management
There are three methods of sesame seeds: sowing, strip sowing and on-demand sowing, mainly the previous two methods.
Regardless of the method used to sow seeds, it is required to cover the soil lightly, or mix with sand the size of sesame seeds and sow seeds. There is a sesame cover half face.
As the saying goes, sesame seeds are not afraid to dry, they are afraid of sowing after the rain. After sowing sesame seeds, if the rain is urgent, the topsoil forms a compact layer, generally will not emerge, even if there are fewer seedlings, due to the long pressure, the young stems are curved, the seedlings are weak and yellow, the light ones are reduced, and the heavy ones can only be destroyed and replanted.
The effective solution is to use a rake to rake 1-2 times on a sunny day, break the plate layer, loosen the soil, so that the sesame seeds can germinate normally and the top soil can emerge.
Sesame growth process, to be diligent hoe to loosen the soil, there is a dry hoe millet wet hoe flower said, from the sesame seedlings to flowering, generally have to hoe 3-4 times, the depth of the first shallow, deep and then shallow is better. When there are many weeds or the soil is sticky, it is also possible to do another medium tillage before flowering. After the sesame seeds are sealed, the cultivation is no longer carried out.