Qin Shi Huang was a very talented legendary figure in Chinese history. He was the first emperor of China, the founder of the title of emperor, and the first to bring China into the era of centralized imperialism. His works have played an indelible key role in the unification of China, the establishment of China's political system, the establishment of China's territory, and the inheritance of the Chinese nation, and have had an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on China and the world in later generations. However, since ancient times, Qin Shi Huang has been a controversial figure, and those who praise him as the "First Emperor of the Ages" and those who destroy him are "a generation of tyrants".
After the first appointment of the world, he did not think that the previous titles of "King" and "King" were not enough to show his merits and respect, so he ordered his ministers to discuss the title. "History, Annals of the Pre-Qin Emperor No. 6": The King of Qin was initially merged with the world, so that the chancellor and the imperial history said: "I am a coward, I want to fight and riot, I want to bully the spirit of the Temple, the six kings are willing to let go of their sins, and the world is doomed." Today's name is gone, can not be called success, but also passed on to future generations. Discuss its imperial title. Xiang (Wang) Wan, Ting Wei (Li) Si and others all knew: "Now Your Majesty has raised the righteous soldiers, put down the remnants of thieves, put down the world, the sea is a county, the law is unified, it has not existed since ancient times, and the Five Emperors are out of reach." I want to discuss with the doctor: 'In ancient times, there were emperors, and the Yellow Emperor, the Thai Emperor, and the Thai Emperor were the most expensive.' I'm dead, I'm honored, the king is the "Emperor of Thailand." "
However, Qin Feng was not very satisfied with this. He used only the word "emperor." Because there was a saying of "three emperors and five emperors" in ancient times, he used the word "emperor" to create a title of "emperor" for himself. The "History of the Sixth Year genealogy of the pre-Qin Emperor" records that Wang Yue: "Went to Thailand, worshiped the emperor, adopted the ancient title of emperor, and the emperor's name was called emperor." He was like the one discussed. System: "Yes." Since then, "emperor" has become a special title for the supreme ruler of China's authoritarian imperial society.
Qin Shi Huang became the first emperor in Chinese history and called himself the "First Emperor". "Beginning" means the first time, Qin Shi Huang hoped to pass the throne to his descendants after his death. The descendants were known as "Emperor II" and "Emperor III", and even spread to various eras. "History of Qin Shi Huang": "I am the First Emperor. Counted by posterity. As for the third world, it is endless. ”
Did Qin Shi Huang's wish come true? Of course not. This has not happened in history. Let's look at the descendants of the first emperor.
According to historical records such as Sun Jie's "Records of History" and "Qin Huihui" in the Qing Dynasty, there were about 28 descendants of Qin Shi Huang:
There were 18 princes, but only four left their names.
King Su of Yingfu (eldest son)
Gongzi Gao (嬴高)
The son will be the leader (the winner will be the leader)
Yin Huhai (18th son, known historically as the younger son, i.e. Qin II)
Duchess of The Duchess
All ten daughters were called princesses, but their titles, names, and birth order were unknown.
granddaughter
Qin III Bu Zi Bao (also known as Prince Qin Baby): Fu Su's eldest son, the eldest grandson of Qin Shi Huang.
What is the fate of these descendants of Qin Shi Huang? Let's take our time.
After Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he made five cruises. At the end of 211 BC (October of the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shi Huang), Qin Shi Huang's fifth parade "Zi Tongzhi Jian" volume 7 said: "In the winter of October, the king will be ugly, and the first emperor will go; the left minister Li Si followed, and the right minister Feng went out." The emperor's younger son, Hu Hai, accompanied him. Accompanying him was Zhao Gao, who was in charge of the crrc's government order. The voyage was a long and huge journey.
There is an episode in the middle. Qin Shi Huang and his party turned back from Huiji Mountain and passed through Wu. The uncles and nephews of Xiang Liang and Ji Xiang (i.e., Xiang Yu) who lived in the local area could not help but feel sorry when they saw such a grand pomp and circumstance. Ji Xiang even claimed that "I can replace it". Fearing JiXiang's disaster, Xiang Liang immediately covered Ji Xiang's mouth, but since then, he has had a new view of Ji Xiang. The "History of Xiang Yu Benji" records: "Qin Shi Huang visited Huiji, crossed Zhejiang, and looked at the Liang family. Season: "This is another alternative." Liang covered his mouth and said, "Don't make a fuss, bidding!" Liang took this as a strange story. "
When Qin Shi Huang reached Pingyuan Tianjin (平遠, in present-day Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province) in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, he suddenly fell seriously ill. The Qunchen knew that Qin Shi Huang was secretive about the word "death", so he did not dare to talk about death, but Qin Shi Huang's condition never improved. "History of Qin Shi Huang": "Go to the plains and get sick." The emperor's evil words began to rise, and the courtiers did not dare to speak out about death. ”
In 210 BC (July 37, the year of Qin Shi Huang), Qin Shi Huang died on the dune platform (present-day Pingxiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). Coincidentally, the place where Qin Shi Huang was born and died was only more than 100 kilometers apart. The "Records of the History of Qin" says: "The First Emperor died eleven years later." "In July, the First Emperor collapsed on the dune platform."
Reese
Worried that the world would change, Li Si decided not to mourn in secret and put it in a coffin to cool down the car. The Sixth Chronicle of the Annals of Qin Shi Huang: "Thinking of the Emperor of Qin, fearing the masses of subjects and the changes in the world, is secret but not announced, and there is no mourning." Only Hu Hai, Li Si, Zhao Gao's sons, and five or six trusted eunuchs knew of Qin Shi Huang's death. "History of the Sixth Chronicle of Qin Shi Huang": "Only Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and the sons of five or six lucky officials knew that they were dead." Due to the high temperature and heat, Qin Shi Huang's body had begun to stink. In order to hide their eyes, Hu Hai and his party ordered someone to buy a stone abalone and put it on the car. The smell of abalone masked the decomposing smell of corpses and confused everyone. "The Annals of Qin Shi Huang, History, And History, Part VI": "Tun on the car stinks, so the official orders to carry the stone abalone smells."
Zhao Gao and the Lisu clan conspired at the Julu Sand Dune Palace (julu Sha dune palace) (present-day Xingtai, Hebei), pretending that the Lisu clan had accepted the edict of the First Emperor, and made Hu Hai crown prince, preparing to succeed to the throne. "The Four Biographies of Li Shiji": "It turned out to be a conspiracy, and he was killed by Emperor Xian as a chancellor and Made Hu Hai the crown prince."
At the same time, Hu Hai and Zhao Gao forged another copy of the Holy Will, stamped it with the emperor's seal, and sent it to Fu Su and Meng Tian, who guarded the northern border. The fake edict accused Fu Su and Meng Tianzhen of guarding the border pass for more than ten years, and not only failed to make military achievements, but repeatedly wrote to criticize the government and criticize the emperor with rumors. Fu Su held a grudge day and night because he had not been able to return to Beijing as crown prince. As a result, Fu Su was given a sword to commit suicide. Meng Tian did not persuade Fu Su of his actions, but he was disloyal to the emperor and caused him to commit suicide. "The biography of Li Silie": "In the book, the eldest son, Fu Su, was even given: 'Now Fu Su and General Meng Tian have taught more than 100,000 soldiers to Tunbian for more than ten years, and they can no longer do it.'" Too many soldiers have no advantage in size. Instead, they write in the book that they bluntly slander what I have done, so they cannot stop being a prince, and they watch it day and night. Fu Su was an unfilial man, and he gave himself a sword! General Meng Tian and Fu Su lived outside, and they should know what they were doing. If a servant is disloyal, he will die and the soldier will leave the king. "His book was stamped with the emperor's seal, and Hu Hai sent his guests to hand over the book to Fu."
The Four Biographies of Li Shiji goes on to say: "When the messenger arrived, he brought a book, and Fu Su wept and went into the back room, intending to commit suicide. Meng Tian stopped at the mansion and said, "Your Majesty lives outside, there is no prince." The envoys will guard the border with 300,000 people, and your son will be the overseer. This is an important task for the world. Today the messenger came, knowing that he would not cheat, but committed suicide? Please ask again, please ask again, and die before dusk. "The Messenger is interesting. Fu Su was very kind to people, saying that Meng Tian said, 'The father is dead and the son is dead, and Shang An asks again!' That's suicide. Meng Tian refused to die, and the emissary attached himself to Zhou Yang as an official. Fu Su saw the holy will and tearfully wanted to commit suicide. Meng Tian persuaded him to appeal to the emperor. If it is indeed the emperor's order, it is not too late to die. Fu Su said to Meng Tian, "The father let his son die, what else do you have to complain about?" Commit suicide immediately. Meng Tian refused to commit suicide, and the emissary ordered law enforcement officers to throw him into Yangzhou Prison.
After returning to Xianyang, Zhao Gao and Li Si made their son Hu Hai emperor for the sake of Qin II. The Sixth Chronicle of the First Emperor of Qin says: "Go straight up to Xianyang and make an obituary." Prince Hu hai ascended the throne and became the second emperor. "The reason why Fu Su and Meng Tian died was because Zhao Gao and Li Si pretended to be the orders of Qin Shi Huang. This opened the end of the killing of the descendants of Qin Shi Huang.
After Hu Hai became the second emperor, he was cruel and inhumane to other brothers and sisters. Sima Qian's vicious act of killing his brother and sister by Qin II is recorded in many places in the "Records of History", and the number is slightly contradictory.
There are no emperor's grandsons in the world: China's first extinct imperial family.
Qin II Hu Hai
The Sixth Chronicle of the Annals of Qin Shi Huang: "So the second followed Zhao Gao and applied for a decree. Nai Yin and Zhao Gao said: "If the subject is not satisfied, the official is still strong, and the son will fight with me." "Why," High: '... Today, I'm going to go out and I'm not going to punish those who are guilty because of this case, so as to boost the world and eliminate the indispensable people in my life. Now it's up to force, not to learn from the teacher. May His Majesty never doubt from time to time that the princes will not get what they want. The Lord will take the rest of his people, the lowly will be rich, the poor will be rich, and the far will be near, so that they may gather from above and down and attain national security. "The second one said, 'Okay. It was the sons of the minister and Zhu Hang. Because of their sins, they couldn't even arrest the official Sanrota, and they didn't have a single winner. The sixth son was killed and died in Du. It is recorded that six sons were killed at Yizhan (present-day Eastern Xianyang, Shaanxi).
No. 27 of the "Chronicles of the Lisu People": "The second generation of Ju yanju is called "seeking high and seeking things", which means: "Madame was born in the world, lived in the world, like six horses crossing the gap." Now that I'm in this world, I want to know what my eyes and ears are like, what kind of poor people I want to be, what kind of happiness I want to have, what can I do in this world? Gao: "... My husband's dune plan, all the sons and ministers are suspicious, and all the sons are the brothers of the emperor, and the ministers are the brothers of the former emperor. Today, when His Majesty was first established, he refused to accept anything he wanted for fear of change. Meng Tian was dead, Meng Yi's soldiers were outside, and his ministers were trembling with fear of death. Is His Majesty satisfied with this? Two: 'What can I do for it?' Zhao Gao said, "Strictly punish the guilty, and make the guilty sit and curse them until they are exterminated, and they are far from flesh and bones; the poor are rich, and the lowly are expensive." For the sake of my former Emperor, I placed my cronies close to His Majesty. ...'The second rhetoric is more legitimate. Therefore, the princes and sons were guilty, and they were forced to descend to a high place in order to be healed. Kill the minister Meng Yi and so on. Twelve [Lu] people were killed in Xianyang and ten princesses were killed in Du, and the property was all given to the county order, and countless people sat together. It is recorded here that twelve sons died of torture in Xianyang, and they were found dead in the city. The Tenth Princess was tortured to death at the Capital Inn. The executions are brutal and shocking!
Gongzi Lu and the other three were also Hu Hai's brothers, more stable and low-key than the other brothers. Hu Hai imprisoned the three of them in the inner palace, killed the other brothers and convicted them. Later, the Second Sent Emissaries announced to General Lu that the three men had committed disobedience and should be executed. General Lu said to the emissaries: "We have never violated the etiquette and etiquette stipulated by the imperial court; we are not wrong to obey the emperor's orders. Why are we not loyal servants of His Majesty? Please tell us more accusations, let's die. The Sixth Chronicle of the Annals of Qin Shi Huang: "Ruzi imprisoned the three brothers of Lü Kundi in the inner palace and discussed their crimes alone. The second messenger said, 'If you disobey Me, your sin will be death, and the officials will bring you justice.' General Lu said, "I have never dared to disobey the guest officer's praise for the Ketin ceremony; the temple, I have never dared to lose my temper; I have never dared to respond to orders to resign." What is disobedience? When I hear sin, I am willing to die. " "
The Prophet replied, "I don't know why the princes were convicted of such crimes, but I just obeyed orders." The Sixth Chronicle of the First Emperor of Qin: "The Messenger said: 'You cannot conspire with the king, but follow the book.'" Jiang Lu was the third to look up at the sky and cry and say, 'My God! "I am not guilty!" The three Kun brothers all shed tears and drew their swords to commit suicide. "The third son was forced to commit suicide.
Gongzi Gao saw the tragic fate of his brothers and sisters and knew that he would undoubtedly die. I wanted to escape, but I was afraid that my family would be arrested after I escaped. So Shinji asked to be buried at the foot of Mount Li for his father. Emperor II and Zhao Gao were very happy and gave him 100,000 yuan to bury him. The Fourth Biography of Li Shiji, No. 27: "Guizi was anxious to succeed and was afraid of reaping the clan, but wrote: "... Please die and be buried at the foot of Lishan Mountain. There is only mercy and mercy. In the book, Hu Haixizhi asked Zhao Gao to look at it and said, "Is this urgent?" Zhao Gaoyue: "Everyone is worried about death, so why be resourceful?" Hu Hai's book gave him 100,000 yuan for burial expenses. "
At this time, Hu Hai's younger siblings were all killed by him.
Hu Hai not only slaughtered his own brothers and sisters, but also wantonly purged and killed the ministers appointed by the First Emperor. Meng Tian and Meng Yi were forced to commit suicide. The right chancellor Feng Went Ill and the general Feng Jie committed suicide to avoid humiliation. Li Si was sentenced to five sentences, that is, to be brutally executed with five punishments.
Zhao Gao
On the one hand, Zhao Gao instigated the second to kill his brothers and sisters, the former emperor and his ministers, and on the other hand, he was dictatorial and chaotic, and he usurped the throne for a long time. At the end of the second year, the world was in chaos, Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up, and Liu Bang and Xiang Yu took the lead. In 207 BC, Hu Hai was forced by Zhao Gao's confidant Le yan to commit suicide in Wang Yigong. He died at the age of 24 and served as emperor for only three years.
Hu Hai had such a conversation with Le Yan before committing suicide.
Le went forward to count the crimes of the second and said, "The first step (I no longer call Your Majesty ii) is arrogant and unreasonable, wantonly killing innocents; the whole world has betrayed you. Think for yourself! "The Sixth Chronicle of the First Emperor of Qin, before LeYan, is the second number that says: "The first step is arrogance, there is no way to kill, the whole world shares the first step, the first step is to take care of yourself."
The second one said, 'Can you meet Zhao Gao?' Yue: 'No'. ”
The second one said, "I would like to have a county as king." Fu Xu. Yue: "Yes." Fu Xu. Yue: "I would like to be the head of Guizhou (the people) with my wife, stronger than the courtiers."
Le Yan finally said: "I am under the orders of the Prime Minister to kill all the people in the world." Even if I said more, I wouldn't dare to tell the prime minister. With that, he ordered his soldiers to surround him, and II was forced to commit suicide. The Sixth Chronicle of the First Emperor of Qin: "Le Yan said: 'Subjects obey the orders of the Minister, and are willing to do everything for the world.'" Although I had a lot to say, I did not dare to report it. "Tell his soldiers to advance. Junier committed suicide. "
At this point, all 18 princes and 10 princesses of Qin Shi Huang died.
After Qin II was killed, Zhao Gao proclaimed Fu Su's son Bao Bao as emperor. Soon, according to Zhao Gao's suggestion, Zi Bao abolished the emperor's name, called Qin Wang, known in history as Qin Prince Baby, and Zi Bao reigned for only 46 days. "History of The Sixth Chronicle of Qin Shi Huang": "The brother, son, son, and infant of the Second Emperor are also the kings of Qin." Five days after zi bao succeeded to the throne, he learned that Zhao Gao had a secret agreement with Chu Jun, intending to kill the Qin emperor. Zi Bao took the lead in killing Zhao Gao and punishing his three families. More than forty days later, Liu Bang took the lead in attacking Guanzhong, and Zi Bao tied himself up with a rope and surrendered to Liu Bangjun with Yuxi and his soldiers. At the moment when Zi Bao surrendered, the Qin Dynasty officially ended. Leave Liu Ziying to the care of subordinates. Soon, Xiang Yu led the crown prince to Guanzhong. Liu Bang retreated from Xiang Yu's side.
Western Chu Overlord Xiang Yu
After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang City, he immediately killed the Qin princes and qin people, and carried out a massacre throughout the city. The Qin state of hundreds of years and the fourteen years of Qin were all destroyed by Xiang Yu. The "History of Xiang Yu Benji" records: "In the remaining months, the group of courtiers and soldiers arrived, and Ji Xiang took the lead and killed the children, the sons of Qin, and the clan. Tu Xianyang, burned his palace, captured his children, collected his treasure and goods, and the princes separated them. After the destruction of Qin, each place was divided into three parts, named , Zhai Wang, named Sanqin. Xiang Yu was the overlord of Western Chu, and the lord ordered the division of the world's subjects, but Qin was destroyed. ”
？ Qin Zheng became his first emperor since he ascended the throne. He thought a lot about passing on the country to the second and third generations of descendants. He never imagined that the Qin Dynasty would perish in only fourteen years. 28 children and some grandchildren died just three years after his death.
Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty said in the Ode to the Second Emperor of Sorrows: "The Second Emperor was rash, lost his country and lost power. Believe it or not, the ancestral hall is extinct. ”
After Qin's death, no one in Chinese history claimed to be a descendant of Qin Shi Huang.
There is no grandson of an emperor in the world!
Seeing the grand scene of the First Emperor's visit, Xiang Yu, who blurted out that "the other can use it but not use it", did not get what he wanted in the end. In the ensuing Chu-Han struggle for hegemony, he was defeated by Liu Bang's army and committed suicide on the banks of the Wu River. The "History of Xiang Yu Benji" records: "In the next five years, the world will be decided by Han."