Fighters usually refer to the combat posture that is beneficial to oneself and unfavorable to the enemy within a certain period of time, as well as the understanding, grasping, and utilization of this situation.
Many military masters from ancient times to the present day have attached great importance to the capture and grasp of fighters. The ancient continental warrior book "Liutao" pointed out: "The art of military victory is to spy on the enemy's opportunities and take advantage of them quickly, and to strike at them again." Chairman Mao also pointed out in "On Protracted War": "For example, if you attack an enemy in a certain movement, you fight early, expose yourself, and give the enemy preventive conditions; if you fight late, the enemy has concentrated and stopped, and has become a hard bone." It's a matter of timing. ”
In the practice of long-term war, Chairman Mao attached great importance to the issue of warplanes and mastered various methods of using them, such as patiently waiting for the plane, creating the fighter plane, capturing the fighter plane, and snatching the fighter plane, and specifically guided his fighters to use the fighter to defeat the enemy.
General Yang Chengwu was deeply guided by Chairman Mao's military ideology, and in the final battle to conquer Taiyuan City in 1949, he entrusted the task of capturing Wohu Mountain to the 199th Division of the 67th Army, asking it to "move with the camera.", and Li Shuiqing, commander of the 199th Division, also lived up to Yang Chengwu's expectations and seized the favorable fighter, with the support of Yang Chengwu -- Xiao Chui Mingyue reminded the readers of this word, supporting this word, which also showed that when "grasping the fighter plane", Yang Chengwu also "caught" the fighter, and the 199th Division captured Wohu Mountain in one fell swoop.
The Battle of Taiyuan was after the victory at the Battle of Pingjin, when only two isolated cities in Northern China remained in the cities occupied by the Kuomintang army, Taiyuan and Datong.
In February 1949, the 20th Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army received orders from the Central Military Commission to march westward with the 19th Corps and the 1st Division of the Siye Artillery, and together with the 18th Corps and other units, they would attack Taiyuan and annihilate the Yan Xishan Clique. In early March, the 20th Corps marched through the area south of Datong and reached Taiyuan City at the end of the month.
The 20th Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was one of the three corps directly commanded by the Central Military Commission in the later stages of the Liberation War. In January 1949, it was restructured from the 3rd Corps of the North China Military Region and was directly under the command of the Central Military Commission. Yang Chengwu, commander of the 20th Corps, Li Jingquan (later Li Tianhuan), political commissar, Tang Yanjie, deputy commander and chief of staff, and Li Tianhuan, deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department. It administers the 66th, 67th and 68th Armies, and the 66th Army has jurisdiction over the 196th, 197th and 198th Divisions, with commander Xiao Xinhuai and political commissar Wang Zifeng. The 67th Army administers the 199th and 200th Divisions, with commander Han Wei and political commissar Kuang Fuzhao. The 68th Army administered the 202nd, 203rd, and 204th Divisions, with commander Wen Niansheng (later Xu Decao) and political commissar Xiang Zhonghua (later Qi Yuanwo).
Yang Chengwu
Taiyuan was the "old lair" of the Kuomintang Yan Xishan clique, and from the autumn of 1945, Yan Xishan spared no effort to implement his bunker plan. Yan Xishan shouted, "One day the earth turns, our fortifications will be strengthened for one day!" There are more than 5,000 large bunkers in the main defense area alone. Key points such as the Niutuo Village, XiaoYaotou, Naoma and Shantou in the east of the city, Crouching Tiger Mountain in the northeast of the city, and the Twin Pagoda Temple in the southeast of the city have built permanent fortifications with the blockhouse group as the backbone, which has become the main barrier of Taiyuan.
An American journalist once described it this way: "Anyone who arrives in Taiyuan will be surprised by the countless bunkers, the high, the low, the square, the round, the triangular, and even the hidden underground, forming an incredible dense network of fire."
Before the battle began, Peng Dehuai asked Yang Chengwu and Li Tianhuan to study the siege plan.
It should be noted that the Taiyuan Campaign was initially commanded by Xu Xiangqian, commander and political commissar of the 1st Corps (later renamed the 18th Corps) of the North China Military Region, but later because he was seriously ill and unable to reach the front, he asked Peng Dehuai, who had been entrusted by Chairman Mao to come to the Taiyuan front, to stay and command, and was approved by the Central Military Commission.
When studying the siege plan, Yang Chengwu believed that it was best to divide and encircle the enemy's 4 divisions north of the city and annihilate them on the spot, so that the enemy could not retreat, so that the casualties caused by parallel advance and fort-by-fort scrambling could be reduced, and the difficulties of subsequent sieges could be avoided.
Peng Dehuai fully agreed with the plan studied and determined by the 20 Corps.
Subsequently, the General Front Committee decided:
First of all, with the tactic of interspersed division, the main enemy force on the outskirts of Taiyuan City was annihilated outside the city; After that, he concentrated his forces to attack the city from all sides and completely annihilate the enemy. In view of the fact that Crouching Tiger Mountain was the strongest position in the enemy's peripheral defense, the 20th Corps was used to encircle and compress Crouching Tiger Mountain, and to attack the city at the same time, or after conquering Taiyuan City, crouching Tiger Mountain was captured.
In order to achieve the goal of annihilating the four divisions north of the enemy city, Yang Chengwu decided to adopt the tactic of pincer splitting.
At dusk on April 19, Yang Chengwu led the 20 corps to start the operation, launched a general attack at dawn the next day, and after a day and night of fierce fighting, annihilated the enemy's 47th Division, 71st Division, 39th Division, and 68th Division (some of the remnants of the enemy's 68th Division ran to Crouching Tiger Mountain), and compressed the encirclement to the area around Crouching Tiger Mountain.
CompressIng Crouching Tiger Mountain first, compressing it to a certain extent, then monitoring and isolating it, and then making it lose its support after taiyuan is conquered, and then pulling it out is Yang Chengwu's predetermined plan. Yang Chengwu analyzed it like this: Attacking the mountains first will bring about great casualties, and if it is not possible to form a fort-by-fort and mountain-by-mountain scramble, it will take a lot of manpower and time. With Taiyuan Jiancheng as the support, it is a strong point; After the liberation of Taiyuan, it was helpless and became a lonely point, which was much easier to fight.
According to Wohushan, the headquarters of the 19th Army, the Iron Blood Division, the remnants of the 277th Division, the 68th Division, and the Diaohushan Fortress Headquarters were guarded by about 5,000 people, distributed in more than 160 reinforced concrete bunkers, with more than 170 mountain guns and pursuit guns, more than 160 light and heavy machine guns, and the commander-in-chief was Cao Guozhong, commander of the 19th Army of Yanbu.
Yan Xishan
Yang Chengwu entrusted the task of encircling and monitoring the capture of Crouching Tiger Mountain to the 199th Division of the 67th Army and asked them to move with their cameras.
Fumiki Mingyue reminds the reader to pay attention to the four words "camera and move", which means "observe the timing and act immediately when you see the appropriate opportunity".
On the night of 21 April, the 67th Army reported that Li Shuiqing, commander of the 199th Division, had ordered an attack on Crouching Tiger Mountain. After receiving the report, Yang Chengwu was quite surprised and immediately called Li Shuiqing's phone, and Li Shuiqing reported on the phone that they had completed the encirclement of Crouching Tiger Mountain and wanted to seize the opportunity to occupy one or two small hills as a bridgehead to attack Crouching Tiger Mountain. During the battle, they captured the enemy's division commander and deputy division commander and lost part of the enemy's division headquarters, which was equivalent to opening a breakthrough in the capture of Crouching Tiger Fort.
Li Shuiqing also reported in detail on his specific plans to take Crouching Tiger Mountain.
After listening to the report, Yang Chengwu said: "You have fought well and the fighters have caught them well!" When he heard Li Shuiqing express his promise to take Crouching Tiger Mountain tomorrow morning, Yang Chengwu boldly said, "Good! I have asked the 200th Division to fight with you."
Perhaps some readers at this time do not quite understand what Yang Chengwu said about "good grasping of fighters" and what kind of "fighters" were caught, and that the 200th Division was under the jurisdiction of the 67th Army, so why did Yang Chengwu say, "I call the 200th Division to cooperate with you in combat"? Isn't this a cross-level command?
At 18:00 on April 21, the regiments of the 199th Division of the 67th Army used night raids to bravely penetrate deep into the depths by using communication trenches, dividing and encircling the enemy's various pillboxes, and combining fire suppression, blasting operations, and political offensives to seize the defenders' positions one by one. The 596th Regiment secretly penetrated deep into the defenders' deep positions, occupied several pillboxes and captured 1 enemy division commander alive.
The battle went exceptionally well! Based on the specific conditions of the battlefield at that time, including the information provided by the enemy division commander who was captured alive, the 199th Division judged that the defending enemy was generally paralyzed and careless, and did not think that the PLA might attack in an all-round way tonight, so it made up its mind that it could not stop the attack, could not give the enemy a chance to breathe, attacked continuously with one blow, and took advantage of the situation to seize Crouching Tiger Mountain -- this is why the 199th Division captured the "fighter planes" that were "beneficial to itself." Therefore, Yang Chengwu praised them for "grasping the fighters well."
When the 199th Division reported its battle plan to the 67th Army, the commander of the 67th Army objected, but it seemed that the opposition was invalid, and the "division" was not subject to the "military order" outside, in this case, the 67th Army immediately reported this to Yang Chengwu, meaning that in case the 199th Division did not "grasp" the opportunity, if something went wrong, the military department could not be responsible. In fact, when Yang Chengwu received a call from the 67th Army and then called to inquire about Li Shuiqing's situation, Li Shuiqing's division commander had already led the troops to the Western District of Wohu Mountain, and after listening to Li Shuiqing's detailed report, Yang Chengwu immediately expressed support after judging, affirming that the 199th Division was determined to do a good job and the fighters were well captured, so he personally transferred the 200th Division to cooperate with the division in combat.
As for whether Yang Chengwu's deployment of the 200th Division went through the headquarters of the 67th Army, it is not known, anyway, when Lin Biao fought, there would be a situation in which he directly commanded the division or even the regiment.
Li Shuiqing
Crouching Tiger Mountain's offensive went exceptionally well.
Li Shuiqing really had a way (tactic), and he ordered the attacking troops to be reduced to pieces, from three or five to twenty or thirty people in a small group, completely leaving aside the powerful firepower net in front of the enemy, drilling into the tunnel network, and suddenly appearing in front of the enemy like a "dirt escape".
The next episode seems to have appeared in the Battle of hujia shack in the Liaoshen Campaign:
A combat squad of several people suddenly appeared in the enemy 19th Army command post. This time, Cao Guozhong, commander of the enemy's 19th Army, was not as lucky as Liao Yaoxiang, when the People's Liberation Army attacked Liao Yaoxiang's headquarters, Liao Yaoxiang escaped from the headquarters under the cover of his guard troops, and this Cao Guozhong was blocked in the command post by the soldiers of the PLA squad, and the soldiers held grenades high and faced the enemy commander Cao Guozhong.
Cao Guozhong was confused by this sudden arrival of the Heavenly Soldier Heavenly General, and he really couldn't believe that this was the People's Liberation Army, and the next conversation was very interesting.
Cao Guozhong asked, "What part of you are?"
The warriors replied, "Leave it alone!"
"How many of you?"
"Leave it alone!"
The soldiers held up grenades, the meaning is very clear, Commander Cao, you should not be in charge of you, you should not gossip, you are only in charge of yourself now, quickly decide, in the end surrender or not surrender. If you resist to the end, you will have to hear the explosion of the grenade.
Under the threat of the PLA soldiers, Cao Guozhong laid down his weapons and took out a written surrender letter from the document bag -- it seems that Cao Guozhong had long been prepared to surrender, but he did not expect that the prepared surrender letter was handed over so undignifiedly, perhaps in his mind, it was handed over at the negotiating table.
However, when he was escorted out of the bunker, there were only a few people in the People's Liberation Army, in fact, the People's Liberation Army was good at using bluff tactics, even if it was a person, sometimes shouted at the empty back, one row to the left, two rows to the right, I myself can do it here!
When Cao Guozhong saw a few PLA soldiers, his words were almost like what his friends said when they were dressed as enemies and us when they were fighting, but they also made people understand: "You only have a few people, why do you tell me to surrender?"
The PLA soldiers still said the same thing: "Leave it alone!" ”
At The place of Master Li Shuiqing, Cao Guozhong sighed and said: According to your past practice, it would take a week to fight the outskirts of Taiyuan, and it would take a week to rest outside the taiyuan, and I did not expect that you would insert yourself into it one night, and then you would hit Crouching Tiger Mountain...
Since Cao Guozhong was a descendant of Yan Xishan, he must have fought many battles with the Plaster, so he understood the general operation rules of the PLA, but he obviously had not encountered the tactics of the 199th Division's grasp of the fighter and continuous onslaught.
Li Shuiqing reported to Yang Chengwu the psychological state of annihilating the enemy and the commander of the enemy's Nineteenth Army, and Yang Chengwu laughed, laughing at the enemy's disbelief. Chairman Mao's military thinking, strategy and tactics are always incomprehensible to the enemy.
The enemy at Crouching Tiger Mountain lost command, the battle turned silent, and the 199th Division, with the cooperation of the 200th Division, soon occupied all the positions on the mountain, and the battle of Crouching Tiger Mountain ended in victory. The fortress that Yan Xishan boasted that "the communist army could not be attacked in 1 month" was solved in just over 10 hours under the command of Yang Chengwu. The other corps also ended all the outlying battles in victory, annihilating a total of 12 divisions of the defenders.
The General Front Committee of the Taiyuan Campaign issued a general order commending the 199th Division: "Tactical command can be said to be active, active, mobile, and flexible, and it is an example of grasping the fighters without losing the opportunity." ”
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