"Sun Tzu's Art of War and Conspiracy" says: The upper soldiers cut down the plot, the second cut the traffic, the second cut the soldiers, and the next attacked the city. It can be seen that strategy is important for military operations.
In the War of Liberation, there were not many cities as peacefully liberated as Peiping, and because the Kuomintang diehard reactionaries had to "stick to" even cities that they knew could not be defended, the liberation of many cities was fought by PLA fighters in blood and exchanged their lives for them.
The Battle of Shanghai was a city offensive carried out by the main force of the Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army against the heavily defended Shanghai City of the Kuomintang Army during the Liberation War.
On May 8, 1949, the 31st Army of the 10th Corps of the Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army received orders from its superiors, and the troops were transferred to the command of the 9th Corps, and immediately rushed to Pudong to participate in the Shanghai Campaign.
After the liberation of Nanjing, Chairman Mao pointed out that "it is advisable to chase the poor and the poor with courage, and not to become a famous and hegemonic scholar." Therefore, at that time, the military situation was urgent, and Zhou Zhijian, commander of the 31st Army, ordered the whole army to leave on the same day.
On 14 May, the 31st Army reached Fengxian and Nanhui at the southern tip of the Pudong area to prepare for an attack.
Our army launched the Shanghai Campaign on May 12, so the 31st Army immediately studied the enemy situation and the terrain of Pudong after reaching the position, and then the military department decided to take the town of Zhoupu directly with the 91st Division, and directly attack the town of Gaoqiao at the northern end after winning the battle; The 93rd Division took Xinlu directly along the Nanhui and Chuansha Highways, and after winning the battle, continued to attack north through Gaoxing, Jinjiaqiao, and Donggou Town, clearing the perimeter for the capture of Gaoqiao; The 92nd Division was a reserve.
The Nationalist defenders of Chuansha and Gaoqiao in Pudong were the 37th Army, the 51st Army, and the 12th Army.
Zhou Zhijian
In accordance with the deployment of the military department, the units of the 31st Army immediately moved.
The Battle of Jinjiaqiao was the first battle after the 279th Regiment of the 93rd Division of the 31st Army entered Pudong, jinjiaqiao in addition to the fortifications of the position, the west and south of Jinjiaqiao town have a wide river as a natural barrier, the river side has been built by the enemy eight steel bone cement bunkers.
These fortifications at Jinjiaqiao were all carefully designed and planned by Tang Enbo, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Garrison, in order to adhere to Chiang Kai-shek's intentions, in order to firmly adhere to the unity of Shanghai, and were modeled on the fortifications of the positions built by Yan Xishan in Taiyuan. At that time, Tang Enbo was also in Shanghai like Yan Xishan in Taiyuan at that time, and he boasted that the fortifications he had built in Shanghai were "steel positions" that could not be breached and destroyed, and that Shanghai should become "stalingrad second".
In order to firmly defend Shanghai and gather the hearts and minds of the army, Chiang Kai-shek also ordered Tang Enbo to open a "combat training class for senior personnel," the content of which was political, military, and spiritual speeches. Based on this, Xiao Chui Mingyue speculated that Chiang Kai-shek may have also opened a "bragging training class", otherwise why did Chiang Kai-shek, Tang Enbo, Yan Xishan, and the like blow up the cowhide like the same?
The People's Liberation Army has not been frightened since the red army period, it has been gradually tempered and grown up in the rain of guns and bullets, and no matter how much the Kuomintang army brags, it is only lip service.
Sure enough, Taiyuan did not hold, and the Shanghai defense system designed according to the Taiyuan fortifications could not block the attack of the People's Liberation Army, and at 20 o'clock on the night of the 18th, after the general offensive to Jinjiaqiao Town began, the heroic PLA fighters broke through the enemy position in Jinjiaqiao Town in an hour and a half.
At 3:00 a.m. on the 19th, the 279th Regiment took control of the area north of Jinjiaqiao Town, and the remnants of the enemy were compressed inside Jinjiaqiao Station.
Speaking of the 92nd Division, at 21:30 on May 20, Wang Yaming's 275th Regiment of the 92nd Division set out from Chen Jiaqiao and attacked the established target. The 5th Company of the 2nd Battalion was responsible for the direction of the Zeiss Temple.
When the sky was about to dawn, the enemy of Zeiss temple retreated under the strong attack of the 5th Company, and Wang Tingfa, the commander of the 5th Company with rich combat experience, judged that the enemy carried out a brutal aerial artillery strike on the position according to the "air burst wounds" of the casualties on the position (Fubuki Mingyue originally thought that "air burst wounds" was a military term, and the result was that the explanation of this entry was not found, according to the literal interpretation is "damage caused by air explosions", if there are other explanations, please leave a message in the comment area of this article), judging that the enemy carried out a cruel aerial artillery attack on the position, so he ordered the fighters to seize the door panel. Organize the soldiers to strengthen the trench fortifications with the three bunkers left by the enemy as the core. In the process of arrangement, there was a sudden "whining" sound in the air, and black-pressed shells fell like hail from the direction of Gaoqiao on the north side and the Huangpu River on the west side.
Wang Tingfa ordered the warriors to quickly enter the bunker to take shelter. Throughout the day, countless sharp shrapnel flew over the Zeiss temple position, slicing everything that could be cut on the surface of the earth.
Tombaugh
The fighting was unusually fierce.
The enemy continued to launch counterattacks under the cover of artillery fire, and at noon, all 3 platoons holding the front were exhausted, and the deputy instructor of the 5th Company was killed.
At 10 o'clock, the 4th and 6th companies were ordered to attack the right side of the Zeiss Temple for reinforcements. In less than 1 hour, 4 consecutive shots were burned out. Finally, the 8th Company rushed over and took over the Zeiss Temple position of the 5th Company. At this time, there were only 11 people left in the 5th Company. By the evening, only 39 of the more than 150 officers and men of the 8 Company remained.
On the 22nd, after heavy artillery bombardment, the enemy concentrated the strength of another 5 regiments to take turns to attack the defense line of the 275th regiment. By the afternoon, the reserves of the 275th Regiment had all entered the battlefield. The 1st Battalion position was breached by enemy tanks!
The sky is bombed by planes, the ground is crushed by tanks, and planes and tanks are the enemy's advantage. And our army relies on courage and the spirit of fighting for the people and not being afraid of death.
When the reserves were all on the battlefield, the regimental commander Wang Yaming was also anxious, handed over the headquarters to the chief of staff, and took a carbine gun and the soldiers of the guard squad to support the 1st Battalion position.
In this way, the enemy and us were constantly reinforcing and constantly competing for positions, but the enemy's combat effectiveness finally could not withstand the forward position of our heroic People's Liberation Army and the 275th Regiment south of Takahashi, and was finally saved after the sacrifice of our army's huge commanders and fighters.
The battle was fierce, the casualties were heavy, and the commander looked at it and was anxious in his heart.
For several days, like Commander Zhou Zhijian, Gao Rui, commander of the 91st Division, had to go to the forward position every day to observe the battle situation. At 10 a.m. on the 22nd, the most complicated battle situation outside Takahashi, on the road to the front line, Gao Rui and Zhou Zhijian met.
Gao Rui and Zhou Zhijian were old superiors and subordinates, and in the 5th Division, Zhou Zhijian was the division commander and Gao Rui was the chief of staff, so when they sat down in an abandoned trench to talk about the battle situation, Gao Rui had something to say, undisguised, and according to his observations in the past few days, he said to Zhou Zhijian urgently and angrily: The battle cannot be fought like this. On one side is the blockade of the river, on the other side are tanks. The troops are not adapted and have no experience, so they will suffer heavy losses in this way!—— in fact, they have already suffered a lot of losses.
When Zhou Zhijian asked him what he thought, Gurry said his plan:
Concentrate your forces, break through the center, and directly hit Takahashi!
Directly attack the enemy center and destroy its living forces.
This attack plan is similar to the situation of our Central Plains Field Army attacking Xiangyang in 1948 (for details, see "Breaking through Xiangyang City, Commander Liu Deng's Instructions: Commander Kangze of the Enemy "Can Only Capture, Not Carry"), at that time, in the battle against the hills outside Xiangyang City, our army was also because of the enemy's strong fortifications and heavy casualties, and Commander Wang Jinshan also adopted the tactic of "attacking the city with skim mountains" and captured Xiangyang City in one fell swoop.
The peripheral battle was so brutal, zhou Zhijian was also very clear, so when Gurry proposed this plan, Zhou Zhijian thought it was feasible, but he did not think of it first.
It's no surprise that there are many such examples in real life, like "Columbus erecting an egg":
When Columbus discovered the New World and returned from the sea in 1492, he became a hero to the Spanish people, and some nobles looked down on him, saying that as long as they went to sea by boat, everyone would go to that land. To prove himself, at a banquet, Columbus asked the nobles present who could put up an egg? As a result, no one did it, and Columbus tapped the end of the egg on the table, breaking a little shell, and the egg stood firmly on the table. Columbus said, "I can think of what you can't think of, and that's where I'm better than you." ”
This is the case in life, and it is even more so in war, in comparison, because war is bloody sacrifice, "one step ahead" is particularly important, who can think of others first can not think of the strategy, who can win.
Gurry
Gurry thought of a new plan first, and Zhou Zhijian reported the plan quickly.
As soon as the two men returned to the military headquarters, Zhou Zhijian immediately reported the plan of "breaking through the central government and directly hitting Takahashi" to song Shilun, commander of the 9th Corps.
I didn't expect that Song Shilun was an acute child, and the war had always been decisive, and he slapped his face as soon as he heard it: the plan was very good, his hands were in favor, and he did it like this.
You're going to hit Takahashi tonight!"
Song Shilun's decision to be so decisive and timely was something that Gurry did not expect, and what Gurry thought in his heart might be that the commander agreed to disagree or not, and even if he agreed, he would have to hold a meeting to study it. Unexpectedly, the commander readily agreed and decided to implement the plan immediately. At this time, Gurry was also anxious, and Gurry was anxious not to carry out the plan he had proposed, but to be anxious that the conditions for implementing the plan were not yet ripe: it was already noon, the enemy's artillery was tightly sealed, and it was impossible to see the terrain and make preparations during the day, nor could he mobilize troops to change the combat deployment.
So, Gurry thinks he can't play tonight!
Song Shilun did not listen to Gurry's explanation, perhaps he thought that these were objective reasons, perhaps he hoped to capture Takahashi as soon as possible, so he could not hold back the acute, and directly issued the order of "fight tonight".
Gurry knew that for people with acute children, they could not "leverage", which could be counterproductive. Gurry also had many ideas, he asked Guo Huaruo, the political commissar of the corps, for help, and finally, the corps finally agreed with Gurry's opinion and delayed the fight on Takahashi.
Play early and fight late, Takahashi must be taken down, then get ready to fight!
On May 23, Song Shilun, commander of the 9th Corps, conveyed the order of the Third Field Army:
Under the unified command of the 30th Army and the 31st Army, Zhou Zhijian, commander of the 31st Army, seized Gaoqiao along the coast and riverbank, and directly inserted it into the sancha port to cut off the enemy's sea retreat.
Song Wheel of Time
Zhou Zhijian was considered to be an "absolutely intelligent" young commander, and once he made up his mind to fight, he asked the staff officers to come up with a specific implementation plan. Song Shilun conveyed the order, and Zhou Zhijian soon had a plan to implement the order.
At 6 p.m. on May 23, Zhou Zhijian issued an order to the 3rd Battalion of the 274th Regiment to immediately advance towards the outskirts of Gaoqiao Town.
The 271st Regiment of the 91st Division and the 274th Regiment of the 92nd Division were the two main regiments of the 31st Army, the two "treasures" of Zhou Zhijian, and the 274th Regiment was its favorite.
Ren Jingui, commander of the 3rd Battalion of the 274th Regiment, received the order and led his troops to break through the direction of Gaoqiao Town in the dark of night. Advance all the way to the closest point to the enemy High Bridge bunker group.
Ren Jingui ordered the soldiers to lie down on the ground and dig trenches!
Fighting on the plains and using communication trenches is the best way to avoid blows, reduce casualties, and attack effectively. So, why dig trenches while lying down, isn't it faster to dig while standing? Fast is not false, but this is under the eyes of the enemy, a little careless will be discovered by the enemy, at that time, I am afraid that before digging, the life is gone, therefore, take the posture of lying down to dig, so the target is small, may be difficult, but the enemy is not easy to find.
In fact, at that time, in the war situation, the soldiers had a "rapid energy", plus it was a water town in Jiangnan, the soil was soft, and the excavation speed was also very fast.
The warriors worked under their bodies with shovels and pickaxes. When a pit is dug, the man kneels, the pit is dug deep, the man stands in it, and before dawn, the two companies dig into a "T" shaped horizontal trench of 150 meters and a long trench of four miles in length.
It was really a miracle that the 3rd Battalion of the 274th Regiment completed such a huge project under the eyes of the enemy's heavy soldiers overnight!
War has caused disasters to mankind, and wars have spawned many miracles.
Ren Jingui
At dawn, the Takahashi defenders found that the PLA position fortifications had been added in front of their position fortifications, so they launched an attack on the positions of the 274 regiment and dispatched aircraft and artillery to bomb indiscriminately.
However, due to the fact that the trenches of the 3rd Battalion were too close to the enemy and became a dead end for shelling, the enemy shells all flew over the "T" trenches and exploded in the rice fields behind. The enemy planes circled above this peculiar trench for a long time, and the bombers touched the bombs and stared at the target, not because they were embarrassed to attack, but because our army was too close to the enemy's main position in Takahashi, and the enemy was afraid that the bombs would fall to his side, so he had to give up.
The enemy in takahashi panicked and frequently sent tanks and infantry to counterattack the positions of the 3rd Battalion. Commander Zhou Zhijian ordered that the troops located on both flanks of the 3rd Battalion's position should do whatever it takes to quickly push the position forward and make preparations for a general offensive.
At 18:30 on May 25, our army fired all its artillery and the general offensive began.
Cai Calyx, commander of the 3rd Platoon of the 3rd Battalion of the 274th Regiment, commanded the demolition team to jump out of the trench, open an opening of more than 10 meters wide for the assault troops, and take the lead in attacking the town of Gaoqiao.
The 274th and 271st Regiments, as well as the fraternal forces coming from both flanks, split into three columns and pounced on the enemy oil company and advanced towards the port of Sancha on the east bank of Wusongkou. The 90th Division of the 30th Army had also broken through the enemy's front and advanced into the town. At midnight, the 30th Army captured the headquarters of the enemy's 12th Army in Chengyuan.
The Pudong defenders collapsed in their entirety and fled to Sancha Port, Texaco Wharf, and Wusongkou Riverside.
Just as the war in Pudong was raging, my other units involved in the war also launched a general offensive at the same time.
The 31st Army, with the cooperation of the 30th Army, fought a bloody battle to capture Takahashi.
At 9:00 a.m. on May 27, 1949, the whole of Shanghai was liberated. The total combat time of our army was 15 days, which was one-twelfth of the 6 months that Chiang Kai-shek strictly ordered.
Disclaimer: Welcome to like, comment, welcome to click "Follow" Tokizuki. The articles of this headline account are all original to "Xiaobuki Mingyue" and are protected by "Rights Defender Knight", if there is plagiarism, manuscript washing and other infringements on this account article, Zhenbuki Mingyue will protect its rights according to law. The image comes from the internet, if infringement is involved, please contact the author to delete.