On the morning of the 16th (Note: October 1948), on the southeast path of the Gujia shack more than 20 miles southeast of Jinzhou City, four middle-aged men and women dressed in black came.
One of them was tall, wearing a rotten felt hat, a tattered cotton jacket and a very disproportionate pair of small cotton pants, draped in a torn sack over his shoulders, and nibbling on a turnip in his hand.
This is the beginning of the newsletter "Fan Hanjie's Capture", which was reprinted in the People's Daily on October 27, 1948.
The "tall man" in the text is Fan Hanjie, deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Suppression General" and director of the Jinzhou Command Post
Fan Hanjie had long known that there would be such a "robbery."
In July 1948, Fan Hanjie was appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Suppression Command" and director of the Jinzhou Command Post, and was ordered by Chiang Kai-shek to sit in Jinzhou.
At this time, the ratio of the strength of the kuomintang and the communists has changed from 3.14:1 at the outbreak of the civil war to 1.3:1, our army has besieged Changchun City, and Lin Biao has already followed Chairman Mao's instructions and is already eyeing Jinzhou.
In the face of such a war situation, Fan Hanjie still came to Jinzhou, did he know that there were tigers in the mountains and favored the tiger mountains?
Of course not, on the contrary, Fan Hanjie was very afraid of Lin Biao's "tiger".
He didn't want to come to the northeast, let alone go to Jinzhou, he knew very well in his heart that even Chen Cheng, Wei Lihuang and others could not clean up the mess in the northeast, and he thought that he did not have this ability.
What to do? I don't want to take up a position in Jinzhou, I always have to find a reason.
Fan Hanjie then offered his resignation to Chiang Kai-shek on the grounds that his family had yet to be resettled in Guangzhou.
Chiang Kai-shek was also very generous, giving him a month's leave and returning to Guangzhou to resettle his family.
However, he was not allowed to resign.
Fan Hanjie arranged the family, delayed for 1 month, or had to come to Jinzhou with a hard scalp. He was ordered to open up the traffic between Shenyang and Jinzhou and stick to Jinzhou.
It is a blessing not a curse, and it is a curse that cannot be avoided.
This proverb evolved from lao tzu's fifty-eight chapters: misfortune depends on blessings, and blessings depend on misfortunes. This means that there is no way out of misfortune, and there is no certain law for the coming of blessing and misfortune.
Why did Chiang Kai-shek rely so heavily on Fan Hanjie? It turns out that the two have a deep relationship.
In 1918, Fan Hanjie was transferred to the Military Commissar of the General Headquarters of the Fujian-Guangdong Army, while Chiang Kai-shek was serving as a colonel's staff officer at the headquarters. The two worked together and the two became friends ever since.
Later, Fan Hanjie was valued by Chiang Kai-shek and constantly promoted, thanks to the deep friendship formed between the two during this period of work together.
From this, we can also see how important it is to make good relationships between colleagues at work.
Because, one day, it will benefit from a colleague.
In the winter of 1926, after the Northern Expeditionary Army defeated the Beiyang warlord Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang. Wang Jingwei of the Wuhan government opposed Chiang Kai-shek.
In the spring of the following year, Chen Mingshu, commander of the 11th Army, was forced to leave the army, and successively led Jiang Guangnai, deputy commander of the same army, and Fan Hanjie, acting commander of the 10th Division, to Nanchang to join Chiang Kai-shek.
On April 12, 1927, the Kuomintang New Right led by Chiang Kai-shek launched an armed coup against the Kuomintang Left and the Communist Party in Shanghai, which was the famous "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in history.
After the coup, Chiang Kai-shek sent Fan Hanjie to Zhejiang to serve as the commander of the Zhejiang Eastern Garrison Division, which was the first student of the Huangpu Central Division commander, which showed the importance Chiang Kai-shek attached to him.
According to Lao Tzu's thought, misfortune and happiness depend on each other, and misfortune and happiness arise from each other and transform each other.
For Fan Hanjie, it was a blessing to be relied on by Chiang Kai-shek at that time, and it was a "disaster" to be relied on by Chiang Kai-shek in Jinzhou at this time.
Fan Hanjie
It's a curse that can't be avoided.
September 12, 1948,
Our Northeast Field Army launched the Liaoshen Campaign
, quickly surrounded Jinzhou.
On October 14, the Northeast Field Army launched a general offensive against Jinzhou, and after 31 hours of fierce fighting, all 100,000 Kuomintang troops commanded by Fan Hanjie were annihilated and Jinzhou was conquered.
After the People's Liberation Army launched a general offensive against Jinzhou, Fan Hanjie saw that the general situation had gone, so he consulted with Lu Junquan, commander of the 6th Corps, and decided to abandon the city and break through, and went to Tashan to meet with the Waiting Mirror Rudong Advancing Corps.
At dusk on the 14th, Fan Hanjie hurriedly took his wife and more than a dozen retinues, including Lu Junquan and Li Ruhe (chief of staff of the Jinzhou Command Post), and fled from the pit road north of the headquarters of the 6th Corps to the east gate of Jinzhou City.
Shortly after leaving the city, Fan Hanjie was separated from Lu Junquan, Li Ruhe, and others.
Next, the scene described at the beginning of this article appears.
Fan Hanjie and the others fled for their lives in a hurry, and when they walked across the road from Xihaikou to Jinzhou, they were intercepted by the people's liberation army's latent sentries.
After being captured, Fan Hanjie was very unconvinced
"Your communist army is very irregular in fighting, likes to be sneaky, and if you open up your position and fight a war in a dignified manner, we will not necessarily lose."
Fan Hanjie said this based on his military experience.
Fan Hanjie believes that he has two brushes.
In 1925, the National Revolutionary Army was established, and Fan Hanjie served as the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 29th Regiment of the 7th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, and participated in the 1st and 2nd Crusades against Chen Jiongming.
In July 1926, the National Revolutionary Army revived the Northern Expedition, and Fan Hanjie served as the colonel of the 29th Regiment of the 10th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, leading the troops to participate in the Battle of Tingsi Bridge and the Battle of De'an Mahuiling in Jiangxi.
On August 13, 1937, the Songhu War of Resistance broke out. In September, Hu Zongnan and Fan Hanjie led the 1st Army to Shanghai to participate in the war against Japan, which lasted more than 2 months.
In November of the same year, after the defeat of the Songhu War of Resistance, Fan Hanjie led his troops to retreat to Guide, Kaifeng, Xinyang and other areas in Henan to continue to participate in the War of Resistance.
In September 1938, Fan Hanjie was transferred from the director of the Education Department of the Central Military Academy to the commander of the 27th Army, and led his troops to garrison the defense of the Eastern Shaanxi River.
In 1939, he crossed the Yellow River in the north and entered the Taihang Mountains in southern Shanxi, where he cooperated with Pang Bingxun's 40th Army, Sun Dianying's New 5th Army, and Zhu De's 18th Group Army, and fought against the Japanese 20th Division and the 36th Division in the Zhongtiao Mountain and Taihang Mountain areas.
In the two years of 1939 and 1940, hundreds of large and small battles were fought, especially in the Battles of Changzhi and Gaoping in May 1940, when the Japanese army was severely attacked by Fan Hanjie's troops and suffered heavy casualties.
When the Japanese army was pessimistic and desperate, it went so far as to assume that fan Hanjie met in Tokyo under the name of a big zo, and airdropped a letter to persuade a high-ranking official to surrender.
Fan Hanjie smiled when he saw the letter, and continued to command the troops to attack continuously, and the Japanese army repeatedly lost.
Fan Hanjie's 27th Army was temporarily mighty and too powerful, and its national integrity of great righteousness and awe was admired by the world.
After the war, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De personally led several people to the headquarters of the 27th Army to offer condolences and presented a pennant with the inscription "Taihang Barrier".
In the spring of 1941, the crazy Japanese army drew the Kwantung Army into the customs and joined the Jinnan Sweep, and Fan Hanjie was ordered to lead the 27th Army to advance in the direction of Changzhi, attack the Japanese flank, cover the main action, and fall into the heavy siege of the Japanese army.
At the critical juncture, Fan Hanjie gathered all the troops and all local teams to fight the Japanese army to the end, and finally, covering the first theater army to cross the Yellow River safely, Fan Hanjie led a small number of troops to break out of the siege.
Fan Hanjie was not afraid of danger when the enemy was outnumbered, and his command was determined, and he was rewarded by the supreme authorities for his fearless spirit of turning the tide of the fallen;
In this battle, even the fierce enemy is deeply feared,
Known as the "Bold General" by the Japanese army
。
Battle of Jinzhou
After the victory of the War of Resistance. Fan Hanjie continued to serve as deputy commander and chief of staff in Hu Zongnan's First Theater of Operations.
In September 1946, Fan Hanjie was appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the army and director of the Zhengzhou Command Post, actively following Chiang Kai-shek in the reactionary civil war.
In June 1947, Fan Hanjie concurrently served as the commander of the 1st Corps, commanding 6 integrated divisions and 20 brigades with a total of 150,000 people to launch the "September Offensive" to the Jiaodong Liberated Area, and later the East China Field Army's Eastern Front Corps under the leadership of Xu Shiyou carried out the Jiaodong Defense War, annihilating more than 60,000 Fan Hanjie's corps in four months, and the Kuomintang army suffered a heavy blow.
Fan Hanjie was therefore relieved of his position as commander of the 1st Corps and returned to Nanjing as deputy commander-in-chief of the army.
Fan Hanjie Jiaodong's defeat did not accept the lesson.
Jinzhou was captured or disobeyed.
In particular, the Battle of Jinzhou may have made Fan Hanjie think of the Battle of Changzhi with the Japanese Army, both of which seemed to him to be "enemies and enemies", and the Japanese weapons were superior to the weapons of the People's Liberation Army.
Therefore, Fan Hanjie was not convinced by the defeat of Jinzhou.
Fan Hanjie's incomprehension was limited to his thinking at the time.
He did not understand that in these two wars, the target of the two wars was the Japanese army on one side and the communist army on the other.
The Japanese army is a war of aggression, and the Chinese people to fight with the enemy and fight to the end.
The Communist army seeks liberation and happiness for the people, and even many Kuomintang officers and men do not want civil war and are unwilling to give their lives for the Kuomintang reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek.
The victory or defeat of the war is ultimately determined by the will of the people, and the inevitable defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's army is a historical necessity.
Fan Hanjie didn't understand all this at the time, so he didn't accept it.
After Fan Hanjie was captured, there was another disobedience, he said: You (the PLA) captured our generals, like to use the word "capture alive", too ugly, like catching animals.
Picking words shows that Fan Hanjie is indeed learned.
And that's the truth.
On October 29, 1896, Fan Hanjie was born in Zili Village, Sanhe Town, Dapu County, Guangdong Province, to a family of scholars.
His father, Fan Zhihuai, was the head of the Zili Public School, which was organized with the townspeople.
At an early age, Fan Hanjie studied at Zili Public School.
In 1913, Fan Hanjie graduated with honors from the Guangdong Army Surveying School and became the head of the Triangulation Section of the Guangdong Army Survey bureau.
After 1923. Fan Hanjie served as a lieutenant colonel staff officer, chief of the operations section, and commander of the 6th Route Army.
In the spring of 1924, Sun Yat-sen opened the Whampoa Military Academy, with Chiang Kai-shek as its principal.
Fan Hanjie was determined to follow Sun Yat-sen in the revolution, so he resigned from his commander and was admitted to the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy in June of that year.
Fan Hanjie was not a commander as a student, which was no network at that time, and if there was, it must be an "internet celebrity".
Cai Tingkai
At that time, there was a shortage of topographic instructors in the Whampoa Military Academy, and Fan Hanjie was proficient in surveying, so he was soon hired by the military academy as an instructor.
In this way, Fan Hanjie is both a student and an instructor.
If this thing happens now, it will definitely be a "hot topic" again.
Not only that, Fan Hanjie is also respected by students as "big brother" because of his age.
And these backgrounds of his also left a deep impression on Zhou Enlai, then director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy.
In 1928, Fan Hanjie was sent to Japan to investigate the military, and then went to Germany to study.
After returning to China, he served as the director of the education department of the Kuomintang Central Military Academy and engaged in military education.
And now, all of this has become a thing of the past.
For Fan Hanjie, it is really "the more knowledge, the more reactionary".
Picking words is also a reactionary manifestation of it.
No matter how to pick the words, Fan Hanjie was indeed "captured alive" by the People's Liberation Army.
In the end, Fan Hanjie did not have knowledge, but our army believes that his knowledge is not enough, and it still lacks an important subject -- the lack of ideological education that stands by the side of the people.
In January 1956, Fan Hanjie was transferred to the Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center in Beijing for ideological education.
After Fan Hanjie and others were concentrated in Gongdelin, many Kuomintang rebel generals and democrats such as Zhang Zhizhong, Cheng Qian, Fu Zuoyi, Chen Mingshu, Wei Lihuang, Shao Lizi, and others visited them one after another, and Zhang Zhizhong also conveyed to them Chairman Mao's announcement of the lenient policy of "not killing, not trying, not sentencing, releasing them in batches, and arranging employment."
Fan Hanjie thought that he was expected to be reborn, and he couldn't help but be very excited, and cut off all the long beards that had been accumulated for a long time in the past. In addition to learning books such as dialectical materialism and the history of social development, he also entrusted people to buy books such as higher algebra and calculus to study seriously.
Fan Hanjie is a joker who often says to people:
Those of us who have been captured and the generals who have been defeated are released back to the Kuomintang, unable to lift their heads, and it is better to live than to die.
Under the dictatorship of the Communist Party, if you are not killed, there is also the hope of rebirth, and you can return to the field after you tell the old, which can also be said to be the place of death and rebirth.
Fan Hanjie suffered from severe tuberculosis, and the special drugs penicillin and streptomycin for the treatment of this disease could not be produced in China at that time. In order to treat Fan Hanjie's illness, the relevant departments specially sent people to Hong Kong to buy medicines for him, which made Fan Hanjie very moved, and at the same time made him further realize that the Communist Party's policy of reforming and lenient these war criminals was sincere.
Later, when he was assigned to Qincheng Farm with other war criminals, he participated in the planting of fruit trees and grapes for more than a year.
In 1959, the Supreme People's Court granted amnesty to the first batch of war criminals who had truly changed evil into good in accordance with the amnesty decree of the President of the People's Republic of China.
Later, Fan Hanjie learned that he was originally included in the first batch of people to be released, but he was put down because of the opposition of the democrat Cai Tingkai, on the grounds that fan Hanjie had betrayed the "Fujian Incident" of the 19th Route Army.
Zhou Enlai
Reason.
In November 1933, Li Jishen, Cai Tingkai, Chen Mingshu, and others were dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's failure to resist Japan, so they led the 19th Route Army to launch the Fujian Incident" and telegraphed the Communists against Chiang Kai-shek, and Fan Hanjie was then deputy chief of staff and chief of staff of the 19th Route Army.
In January 1934, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized heavy troops to besiege the 19th Route Army, and expelled all officers from the Whampoa Military Academy of the 19th Route Army and wanted them.
Later, Cai Tingkai sent Fan Hanjie to Xiamen to find Chiang Dingwen, commander-in-chief of Chiang Kai-shek's 3rd Route Army, to discuss the peaceful reorganization of the 19th Route Army in an attempt to preserve some of the anti-Japanese forces.
Fan Hanjie has not yet completed the task, the chief of the confidential section of the general staff headquarters fled, resulting in the loss of code secrets, Fan Hanjie, who is also the chief of staff, is suspected of collaborating with the enemy and betraying the 19th Route Army.
The "Fujian Incident" has become history, and its merits and deeds, as well as the insider plot in it, have been commented on by historians.
Whether Fan Hanjie betrayed the 19th Route Army is unknown.
However, based on Fan Hanjie's past friendship with Chiang Kai-shek, there are reasons to be suspected.
In any case, whether there is such a bad deed or not, the first list of amnesty war criminals does not have Fan Hanjie's name.
Fan Hanjie felt extremely sad and very aggrieved, and remained silent all day.
Later, Zhou Enlai personally came forward to do work on Cai Tingkai, believing that the reasons for the defeat of the 19th Route Army that year were manifold and that Fan Hanjie could not be blamed entirely.
On November 28, 1960, Fan Hanjie received the second batch of amnesties.
Shortly after his release, Fan Hanjie, accompanied by Li Yili (who served as a staff officer with General Cai Tingkai of the 19th Route Army in 1932), went to Cai Tingkai, then vice chairman of the National Defense Commission, and Jiang Guangnai, minister of textile industry, two former veteran superiors of the 19th Route Army, to "bear the crime of jing please".
Li Yili recalled the meeting and said:
When we arrived at cai and Jiang's homes, Fan Immediately said that in the past, at any time in the 19th Route Army, he failed to fulfill his duties, which led to the failure of the group and blamed his heart.
At that time, Cai and Jiang both said that the central leaders have forgiven you and pardoned you out, we are the old robes, and we should be able to forgive you. I hope that in the future, I will make more meritorious contributions and report to the country.
After unloading the last ideological baggage, Fan Hanjie's mood became particularly relaxed.
In January 1961, two groups of amnesty war criminals were organized into a labor training group and went to the Red Star People's Commune in the southern suburbs of Beijing for labor training, and Fan Hanjie worked in the horticultural team of the People's Commune and showed great enthusiasm.
1 year later. Fan Hanjie returned to Beijing and was cordially received by Premier Zhou Enlai.
When Fan Hanjie and Li Xianzhou pleaded with Zhou Enlai, saying that they had taken the wrong path and failed to live up to the teacher's cultivation, Zhou Enlai smiled and said to them:
I have been separated from Whampoa for decades, but I remember both of you very clearly, because you were both older than my teacher at that time, and you two were tall, so I remember very clearly.
Now that we have returned to the same place and embarked on the road of serving the people again, you must be grateful that the Communist Party has adopted such a lenient policy toward those who have come from the hostile camp, and we should do our best to do more to the benefit of the people in the future.
Fan Hanjie frequently nodded after listening to it.
February 1962. Fan Hanjie was appointed as the Commissioner of Literature and History of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was assigned to work in the military group of the Cultural and Historical Materials Research Committee, responsible for reviewing manuscripts on the Eastern Expedition, the Northern Expedition, and the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In 1964, Fan Hanjie was elected as a member of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He later served as a standing committee member.
From 1962 to 1966, Fan Hanjie reviewed hundreds of thousands of words of manuscripts and wrote tens of thousands of words of personal experience.
Retrieved 26 January 1976. Fan Hanjie died of illness in the Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Medical College, and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a solemn memorial service for him and was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
Disclaimer: Welcome to like, comment, appreciate, welcome to click "follow" to blow the moon. This headline account article is the original of Xiao Chui Mingyue, protected by the "Rights Defender Knight", if there is plagiarism, washing and other infringements on this account article, Xiao Chui Mingyue will protect its rights according to law. The image comes from the internet, if infringement is involved, please contact the author to delete.