"The three Gu frequently annoy the world's plans, and the two dynasties open the hearts of the old ministers."
Throughout the ancient and modern times, if we talk about the world's wise men and counselors, Zhuge Kongming's great name is out, I am afraid that anyone will have to avoid his sharp edge.
As an outstanding politician, writer and military figure in the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang's life has deduced too many legendary stories. From Liu Beisan's invitation to Goku Maolu out of the mountains, to the great victory over Cao Cao at the Battle of Chibi, to the capture of Meng, every allusion to Zhuge Liang's body has become a topic of discussion for posterity.
However, those who know history also know that Zhuge Liang did not help Liu Chan unify the Three Kingdoms in the end. Instead, he died of illness in the military camp of the Central Plains of the Northern Expedition with the grand ambition of "reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to the old capital".
Portrait of Zhuge Liang
Chairman Mao also gave his own views on why Zhuge Liang did not unify the three kingdoms after a thousand years. Chairman Mao believes that there are three defects that led to Zhuge Liang's ultimate failure, so what are these three defects?
He went out of the mountains with ambition, and died before he could get out of the school
Zhuge Liang was born in the noble family of Langya, which can be regarded as the official eunuch family of the times. Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang's childhood was not happy, and with the death of his mother and father, the young Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge Xuan could only live with their uncle Zhuge Xuan.
After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang began a life of seclusion in Longzhong. Zhuge Liang, who is hidden in the mountains, often compares himself with the famous scholars Guan Zhong and Le Yi in the Spring and Autumn And Warring States periods, and many people laugh at Zhuge Liang for not measuring his own strength.
However, xu shu and Cui Zhouping, who were good friends, were convinced of Zhuge Liang's talents and believed that his outstanding abilities were even worse than Guan Zhong and Le Yi.
Before Xu Shu left for Xuzhou to visit his mother, he specifically told Liu Bei: "There is a worldly wizard in Wollongong, and if you can get his full help, then the world is just around the corner." ”
Xu Shu's words made Liu Bei's heart move, so the next day he took Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to visit Zhuge Liang together. It is just unfortunate to say that when Liu Guanzhang and the three of them visited in the first two times, Zhuge Liang was out of the house because of the incident. It was not until the third time that Liu Bei saw Zhuge Liang, and in the face of Liu Bei's sincere invitation, Zhuge Liang finally agreed to go out of the mountain and enter the curtain to help him build a career.
With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei can be said to be like a tiger. Zhuge Liang also did not live up to Liu Bei's expectations, and successively solved many troubles and troubles for Liu Bei.
Thirteen years after Jian'an, The Cao Army broke liu jun, and Zhuge Liang came to Jiangdong alone. In the face of Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang was not humble, first analyzing the current situation for him, and then informing Sun Liu of the benefits of the coalition army, and finally successfully persuaded Sun Quan to cooperate with Liu Bei and unanimously oppose the Cao army. After this, there was also the world-famous Battle of Chibi, where the Cao army was defeated and fled without defeating Sun Liu's combined forces, and the momentum of the Three Kingdoms gradually took shape.
In the nineteenth year of Jian'an, under the leadership of Zhuge Liang, Yizhou was successfully captured. Later, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in defeating the Cao army and seized Hanzhong, a place where soldiers must fight. Since then, the Shu army has been full of strength.
Liu Bei stills
After Liu Bei ascended to the throne, he did not forget Zhuge Liang's hard work and merit, and made him a chancellor. After being made chancellor, Zhuge Liang began to vigorously govern Shudi, formulate effective laws, and actively strengthen the deployment of war preparedness. For Liu Bei, who was fighting on the front line, he stabilized the rear, and the town held Chengdu.
Unfortunately, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, and Jingzhou fell into the hands of the enemy, which caused Zhuge Liang to deal a heavy blow to the strategic goal of "crossing Jing and benefiting" formulated in the "Longzhong Countermeasures".
After Liu Bei's death from a serious illness, the southern central region was in turmoil. Zhuge Liang personally led an army to march south, captured the main criminal Meng Yu in seven columns, and completely conquered the hearts of the people in south China.
With the continuous increase of strength, Zhuge Liang felt that the Shu state already had the strength of the Northern Expedition, so he decided to attack the Central Plains on a large scale. However, Zhuge Liang did not calculate that when he went to the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, he would encounter Sima Yi, a fierce enemy in life. After five Northern Expeditions, Zhuge Liang finally became ill due to overwork and finally died in the military camp.
Chairman Mao incarnated as a "little fan" and skillfully used clever tricks to eliminate bandits
Although Zhuge Liang has a history of nearly 1,800 years since his death, in the past 1,800 years, his legend has been circulating in the rivers and lakes. Zhuge Liang's resourcefulness and profound knowledge have successfully conquered a large number of fans. Among them, Chairman Mao, the great leader who led China to victory, was one of Zhuge Liang's "little fans."
Zhuge Liang Stills
Of course, Zhuge Liang can be deeply sought after by posterity is not without reason, in the vast river of history, although countless courtiers and military generals were born, but only two people can really enter the Wen and Wu Temples at the same time. One was Du Pre during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the other was Zhuge Liang.
It should be known that the person who can enter one temple is already a figure who can stand tall for thousands of years, and it is conceivable that Zhuge Liang, who can enter two temples at the same time, has a status in the eyes of future generations.
Chairman Mao has said many times that he wants to learn from Zhuge Liang's spirit: bow down and do your best, and then die. Chairman Mao even learned from Zhuge Liang's "agitation ability" in order to ignite the enthusiasm of the Red Army and motivate them to fight bravely.
Cheng Lianzhen
Of course, Chairman Mao studied Zhuge Liang far more than that. In 1953, the People's Liberation Army captured Cheng Lianzhen, a female bandit who had been suffering from a headache for a long time. It was only in the face of the question of how to deal with Cheng Lianzhen that the crowd was in difficulty, and at a loss, they could only report it to Chairman Mao for decision.
Chairman Mao decided to release Cheng Lianzhen after a little consideration, and many people expressed difficulty in understanding Chairman Mao's move, and asked why it was not to let the tiger return to the mountain in this way.
Chairman Mao explained to this: "How Zhuge Liang treats Meng Yue, we will treat Cheng Lianzhen, and I believe that Cheng Lianzhen is a good comrade." ”
Cheng Lianzhen third from the right
Cheng Lianzhen, who was already ready to be punished, did not expect to be released so easily, and Cheng Lianzhen, who was deeply righteous, has since become a loyal supporter of the Communist Party. Cheng Lianzhen then began to lobby and persuade other bandits to surrender, which can be said to have made a major contribution to the plagiarism of the People's Liberation Army.
Chairman Mao briefly talked about the reasons for the failure, and the three mistakes were doomed to defeat
For the idol Zhuge Liang, Chairman Mao also had some hatred for iron not steel. In Chairman Mao's view, the reason why Zhuge Liang did not fulfill his grand ambition to unify the three kingdoms was nothing more than committing three serious mistakes.
Chairman Mao also raised these three mistakes at the meeting many times, and said that he would resolutely put an end to similar mistakes on the road of revolution in the future. So what exactly are the three mistakes that Chairman Mao said Zhuge Liang made?
Chairman Mao believed that the first mistake Zhuge Liang made was to not understand people clearly and to make mistakes in employing people. In a conversation with his close associate Li Yinqiao, Chairman Mao said, "Even if he is as clever as Zhuge Liang, he also uses the wrong horse and second master Guan." ”
The allusion of "Zhuge Liang slashing horses with tears" must be known to those who are familiar with history, and Zhuge Liang sent Ma Mo as a forward in the first war of the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. You must know that if this war is won, it will be very beneficial to the next attack. It can be seen from this that Ma Mo must also be a person that Zhuge Liang is very close to or trusted.
In order to ensure the victory of the war, Zhuge Liangqian told Ma Mo not to lose the street kiosk, and told him that he must choose a place near the mountains and waters when choosing to camp and camp.
However, the arrogant and conceited Ma Mo did not take Zhuge Liang's words to heart, but chose to camp on a hilltop far from the water source. In the face of the dissuasion of his subordinates, Ma Mo was also unmoved, and still insisted on going his own way.
When the Wei army learned of Ma Mo's stupidity, he immediately cut off his water and grain routes, and then set fire to the mountain. The Shu army, which had long been hungry and thirsty, was even more panicked after facing the raging fire, which eventually led to the defeat of the Shu army by the Wei army, and the street pavilion was lost. This also caused Zhuge Liang to miss the best opportunity for the Northern Expedition and had to retreat to Hanzhong.
In order to appease the hearts of the army, Ma Mo, as the commander, naturally had to bear the main responsibility, so Zhuge Liang ordered that Ma Mo be beheaded.
Guan Yu Stills
If it is said that sending Ma Mo was Zhuge Liang's mistake, then why count Second Master Guan? To know that Guan Yu's ability has always been rumored to be divine, and Guan Yu is still a person who entered the Martial Saint Temple, where did Zhuge Liang start with the wrong Guan Yu?
Chairman Mao thought that Zhuge Liang's sending Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou was a wrong decision, and the importance of Jingzhou to the Shu state at that time was naturally self-evident, and zhuge liang and Liu Bei were also well aware of Jingzhou's stakes, so Zhuge Liang sent the fierce general Guan Yu to garrison Jingzhou.
In fact, Guan Yu was indeed the only candidate besides Liu Bei, but Zhuge Liang took Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun with him to support Liu Bei. Although Guan Yu has great ability, he has a big problem, that is, pride.
The arrogant Guan Yu naturally looked down on Eastern Wu, let alone joined forces with him to resist Wei. From this point of view, Zhuge Liang also used Guan Yu wrongly, and he did not leave Guan Yu a close confidant who could advise him before he left.
Chairman Mao then analyzed the second mistake made by Zhuge Liang: he did not personally supervise the army and left Ma Mo alone with full authority to direct the war.
Since he knew the importance of the Street Pavilion War, why did Zhuge Liang let Ma Mo alone dominate. Zhuge Liang did not command a large army to support when Ma Mo was trapped, and the reason was because he did not have first-hand information.
Matthew stills
Just imagine if Zhuge Liang followed the soldiers forward, Ma Mo would not dare to make the decision to abandon the water to the mountain, so as not to be cut off by the Wei army. Does that mean that the odds of winning the battle in this game are quite large, Zhuge Liang does not have to return to Hanzhong, and the pattern of the Three Kingdoms may really be rewritten.
After this painful lesson, Zhuge Liang would personally supervise and command in every future war, just to avoid making such mistakes again.
Chairman Mao finally pointed out that the third major mistake made by Zhuge Liang was that there were certain problems in the military strategy proposed by Zhuge Liang.
The strategic deployment of the Northern Expedition of Jingzhou and Yizhou, although it was possible to attack the Cao Wei regime in two ways at the same time, sending troops from Jingzhou could even be directly inserted into the hinterland of the Central Plains. However, the premise of dividing the troops into two roads is that you must have enough soldiers and horses, but the strength of the Shu army cannot carry out an effective division of troops. This also led to the embarrassing situation that the Shu army could not attack the enemy army and could not save the city.
Such various reasons also made Zhuge Liang unable to complete the grand vision of unifying the three kingdoms, and finally he could only regret it.
I have to say that Chairman Mao's comments are really to the point, and among the reasons for Zhuge Liang's failure, the proportion of these three mistakes cannot be described as insignificant. On the revolutionary road in the later period, Chairman Mao took the essence of Zhuge Liang and removed his dregs, and finally realized the great wish of the motherland to liberate.