The Leader Napoleon led Napoleon
All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work. They grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings.
That year, the animals worked like slaves but they enjoyed it. They were willing to shed blood, sweat, and even sacrifice, because they were deeply aware that everything they did was for the benefit of themselves and their future counterparts, not for the idle, sneaky human race.
Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week. And in August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone.
From early spring to late summer, they worked sixty hours a week. In August, Napoleon announced that work would also be scheduled on Sunday afternoons. The work was entirely voluntary, but no matter which animal was absent from work, his rations were cut in half. Even so, everyone still finds that some work just can't be done.
The harvest was a little less successful than in the previous year, and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed early enough. It was possible to foresee that the coming winter would be a hard one.
The harvest was a little worse than last year, and because the tillage was not completed early, the two fastest plots that were supposed to be sown for potato crops in early summer were not planted. It is foreseeable that winter will be a difficult season.
The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm, and plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses, so that all the materials for building were at hand.
The windmill incident caused unexpected problems. Supposedly, there was a very good limestone mine in the manor, and a large amount of sand and cement was found in a hut, so that all the building materials were ready.
But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size. There seemed no way of doing this except with picks and crowbars, which no animal could use, because no animal could stand on his hind legs. Only after weeks of vain effort did the right idea occur to somebody-namely, to utilize the force of gravity.
The problem was that the animals didn't know how to break the stone to the right specifications at first. There seems to be no other way but to use a pickaxe and a crowbar. However, the animals could not stand on their hind legs, and therefore could not use pickaxes and crowbars. After a few weeks of futile efforts, the animals came up with a good idea, which was to use the effects of gravity.
Huge boulders, far too big to be used as they were, were lying all over the bed of the quarry. The animals lashed ropes round these, and then all together, cows, horses, sheep, any animal that could lay hold of the rope. Even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments.
Look at the huge boulders, although most of them cannot be used directly, but the whole quarry is everywhere. So the animals tied the stones with ropes, and then the cattle, horses, sheep, and all the animals that could grasp the ropes were joined together. Even pigs sometimes help out at critical moments.
They dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top of the quarry, where they were toppled over the edge, to shatter to pieces below. Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple. The horses carried it off in cart-loads, the sheep dragged single blocks, even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their share.
Dragging the stones together, slowly, slowly, down the slope to the top of the mine. When you get there, you pile the stones off the side and break them into pieces at the bottom. In this way, the delivery is relatively simple. Horses were transported in fully laden wagons, sheep were towed one by one, and even Muriel and Benjamin put on an old two-wheeled car and contributed their strength.
By late summer a sufficient store of stone had accumulated, and then the building began, under the superintendence of the pigs. But it was a slow, laborious process. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry, and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break.
Thus, by the end of summer, enough spare stones had accumulated, and then, under the supervision of the pigs, the work broke ground. However, the entire quarrying process was slow and arduous at that time. Dragging a boulder to the top of the mine often requires exhaustion for a whole day, and sometimes the stone is pushed off the cliff without breaking.
Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all the rest of the animals put together. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill, it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop.
Without Bauxer, without his strength, which was almost matched by all the other animals, I am afraid that nothing could have been done. Whenever the animals found that the boulder had begun to slide, and they themselves were being dragged down the hill and crying in despair, it was always thanks to Bauxer who pulled on the rope that it stabilized.
To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch, his breath coming fast, the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground, and his great sides matted with sweat, filled everyone with admiration. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself, but Boxer would never listen to her.
Watching him with the tip of his hooves clinging to the ground and climbing the slope with great difficulty inch by inch; watching him breathe heavily, his huge body soaked in sweat, the animals were full of admiration and admiration. Claver often told him to be careful not to overwork, but he never paid attention to it.
His two slogans, "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right," seemed to him a sufficient answer to all problems. He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour. And in his spare moments, of which there were not many nowadays, he would go alone to the quarry, collect a load of broken stone, and drag it down to the site of the windmill unassisted.
For him, the mantras "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon will always be right" were enough to answer all the difficult questions. He had consulted with the little rooster and had changed the original half an hour early to three quarters of an hour in advance. At the same time, although he has not had much spare time recently, he still has to go to the quarry alone in his free time, and without any help, load a cart of gravel and drag it into the foundation of the windmill.
The animals were not badly off throughout that summer, in spite of the hardness of their work. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day, at least they did not have less. The advantage of only having to feed themselves, and not having to support five extravagant human beings as well, This was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it.
This summer, despite the hard work of the animals, their situation was not too bad. Although they didn't get more feed than they did in Jones's days, at least not less than they did then. The superiority of the animals, other than eating for themselves, is not necessary to go and feed on the five extravagant and lascivious people, and this superiority is so obvious that it is enough to render many deficiencies insignificant.
And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labor. Such jobs as weeding, for instance, could be done with a thoroughness impossible to human beings. And again, since no animal now stole, it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land, which saved a lot of labor on the upkeep of hedges and gates.
In addition, the way animals work is, in many cases, efficient and labor-saving. Animals, for example, can do a perfect job of hoeing grass, but for humans, this is far from possible. Moreover, today's animals do not steal, and they do not have to use fences to separate pastures from fields, thus saving a lot of labor to maintain hedges and fences.
Nevertheless, as the summer wore on, various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt. There was need of paraffin oil, nails, string, dog biscuits, and iron for the horses' shoes, none of which could be produced on the farm.
Having said that, after the summer, all sorts of unexpected deficiencies were exposed. The manor needed kerosene, nails, ropes, dog food biscuits, iron palms nailed to horseshoes, etc., but the manor did not produce these things.
Later there would also be need for seeds and artificial manures, besides various tools and, finally, the machinery for the windmill. How these were to be procured, no one was able to imagine.
Later, seeds and artificial fertilizers were needed, as well as various tools and machines for windmills. However, how to get these things, animals can not imagine.
One Sunday morning, when the animals assembled to receive their orders, Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighboring farms: not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary. The needs of the windmill must override everything else, he said.
One Sunday morning, as the animals gathered for the mission, Napoleon announced that he had decided on a new policy. It is said that animal farms will have to make some deals with neighboring manors in the future, which is certainly not for any commercial purpose, but only for the purpose of obtaining some much-needed supplies. He said that what is needed for the windmill must be at all costs.
He was therefore making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year's wheat crop. And later on, if more money were needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill.
So he was preparing to sell a pile of hay and part of the wheat harvest of the year. In the future, if more money is needed, it will have to be replenished by selling eggs, because eggs are always sold in Wellington. Napoleon also said that the chickens should be pleased to see that this sacrifice was their special contribution to the construction of the windmill.
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any dealings with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make use of money--had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that first triumphant Meeting after Jones was expelled?
Once again, the animals felt an indescribable awkwardness. Never deal with people, never engage in transactions, never use money, these first vows were not established at the first great meeting after Jones was expelled?
All the animals remembered passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly, but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs.
The circumstances of these vows are still fresh in their minds; or at least they think they remember them. The four piglets, who had protested when Napoleon announced the abolition of the Great Council, spoke timidly, but soon ceased to squeak again under the terrible roar of the dogs.
Then, as usual, the sheep broke into "Four legs good, two legs bad!" and the momentary awkwardness was smoothed over. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements.
Then, as usual, the sheep cried out, "Four legs are good, two legs are bad!" "The embarrassing situation for a while was smoothly dealt with. Finally, Napoleon raised his front hooves, calmed the atmosphere, and announced that he had made all the arrangements.
There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings, which would clearly be most undesirable. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. A Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.
No animal has to get involved in dealing with people, which is obviously the most hated thing. And he deliberately put all the burden on his shoulders. A lawyer named Mr. Winplul, who lives in Wellington, has agreed to act as an intermediary for Animal Farm and the outside community and will visit every Monday morning to accept the assignment.
Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of 'Beasts of England' the animals were dismissed. Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest.
Finally, Napoleon shouted as usual: "Long live Animal Farm!" That's the end of the whole speech. Then, after singing "The Beast of England", the animals scattered. Later, Squilla made a circle around the manor to reassure the animals.
He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. A few animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades？ Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?"
He assured them that the oath against trading and the use of money had never been passed, and that there had never even been a proposal. This is pure conjecture, tracing back to its roots, and most likely a lie spread by Snowbo. Some of the animals were still suspicious of this, and Squilla asked them slyly, "Are you sure that this is not something you dreamed about?" Comrades! Do you have any records of this oath? Where is it written? ”
And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing, the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken. Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of business, but sharp enough to have realized earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having.
Naturally, none of this kind of thing is seen in words, so the animals believe that they are mistaken. As agreed, Wimbledon would come to the manor once a week. Wimpel was a lawyer, with a long beard, short stature, and a treacherous look. He ran a small business, but he was shrewd enough to see that Animal Farm would need an agent and that the commission would be substantial.
The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread, and avoided him as much as possible. Nevertheless, the sight of Napoleon, on all fours, delivering orders to Whymper, who stood on two legs, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new arrangement.
The animals watched him come and go, a little afraid, avoiding it. However, in the eyes of these four-legged animals, the scene of Napoleon giving orders to Wimpel, who was standing on two legs, inspired their pride, which also made them feel that the new agreement was smooth to some extent.
Their relations with the human race were now not quite the same as they had been before. The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed, they hated it more than ever. Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later, and, above all, that the windmill would be a failure.
Now, their relationship with humanity is truly different. People's envy of Animal Farm has not only not been dissolved by its prosperity, but has been deeply hated. And everyone has the creed that Animal Farm is going to go bankrupt sooner or later, and crucially, that windmill will be a pile of waste.
They would meet in the public-houses and prove to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to fall down, or that if it did stand up, then that it would never work. And yet, against their will, they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs.
They gathered in small hotels and used diagrams to argue with each other that the windmill was doomed to collapse; or that even if it could be built, it would never work. Nevertheless, they were involuntarily impressed by the animals' ability to manage their own estates.
One symptom of this was that they had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper name and ceased to pretend that it was called the Manor Farm. They had also dropped their championship of Jones, who had given up hope of getting his farm back and gone to live in another part of the county.
One sign is that when they called Animal Farm, they no longer deliberately called it Manna Manor, but began to use the proper name animal farm. They gave up their support for Jones, who himself was desperate to hope for his estate and had moved to another place abroad.
Except through Whymper, there was as yet no contact between Animal Farm and the outside world. But there were constant rumors that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood or with Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield. But never, it was noticed, with both simultaneously.
Today, thanks to this Winnpur, Animal Farm is able to come into contact with the outside world. But there was constant gossip that Napoleon was preparing to sign a clear commercial agreement with Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood or Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield. However, it was also mentioned that this agreement will never be signed with two companies at the same time.
It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was not the case.
It was probably at this time that the pig suddenly moved into the main courtyard and lived there. At this moment, the animals seemed to remember that there was a vow made earlier against it. But Squilla taught them to realize that this was not the case.
It was absolutely necessary, he said, that the pigs, who were the brains of the farm, should have a quiet place to work in. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty.
He said that the pig was the head of the estate and should have a quiet workplace, which was absolutely necessary. Moreover, for the dignity of the leader (who, more recently, when he spoke of Napoleon, he had begun to use the honorific title of "leader"),living in a house was more commensurate with living in a pure pigsty.
Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds. Boxer passed it off as usual with "Napoleon is always right!". But Clover, who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds, went to the end of the barn and tried to puzzle out the Seven Commandments which were inscribed there.
Despite this, some animals were deeply disturbed by the hearing that the pigs not only ate in the kitchen, but also occupied the living room as a recreation room. Bauxer did not care, as usual, and said, "Comrade Napoleon is always right." But Claver thought she remembered a commandment against the bed, and she ran to the great barn to try to find the answer from the "Seven Commandments" inscribed there.
Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters, she fetched Muriel. "Muriel," she said, "read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed?" With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out.
It turned out that she herself could not recognize even a single letter. She called in Muril. "Muriel," she said, "if you read me the fourth commandment, does it mean never sleep in a bed or something?" Muriel spelled it out.
"It says, 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,"' she announced finally. Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so.
"It said, 'No animal should be bedridden in a futon,'" she finally read. Claver thought it was too abrupt, she never remembered that the fourth commandment mentioned the futon, but since it was written on the wall, it must have been like this.
And Squealer, who happened to be passing at this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective. "You have heard then, comrades," he said, "that we pigs now sleep in the beds of the farmhouse? And why not? You did not suppose, surely, that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded.
Just then, Squilla passed by with two or three dogs, and he was able to explain the whole problem from a special perspective. "Then, comrades, have you heard that our pigs are now sleeping on the bed in the main courtyard?" Why not? Don't you think, is there really any commandment against the bed? The bed simply refers to a place to sleep. If taken correctly, the straw pile in the shack is a bed.
The rule was against sheets, which are a human invention. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds, and sleep between blankets. And very comfortable beds they are too! But not more comfortable than we need, I can tell you, comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not rob us of our repose, would you, comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?"
This commandment is against the futon, because the futon was invented by humans. We have removed all the bedding from the bed in the main courtyard and slept in a blanket. What a comfortable bed they are! But comrades, I can tell you that all the mental work now depends on us, and that these things are not necessarily much more comfortable than we need. Comrades, you will not let us rest, will you? You don't want us to be too tired and derelict in our duties, do you? Surely none of you want to see Jones come back? ”
The animals reassured him on this point immediately, and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. And when, some days afterwards, it was announced that from now on the pigs would get up an hour later in the mornings than the other animals, no complaint was made about that either.
At this point, the animals immediately reassured him and stopped saying anything about the pigs sleeping on the bed in the main courtyard. And a few days later, when it was announced that the pigs would wake up an hour later than other animals, no one complained.
By the autumn the animals were tired but happy. They had had a hard year, and after the sale of part of the hay and corn, the stores of food for the winter were none too plentiful. But the windmill compensated for everything. It was almost half built now.
Until autumn, the animals were tired, but also happy. They had been struggling for a full year, and after selling some of the hay and corn, there was simply not enough feed to prepare for the winter. However, the windmill compensated for all this, and it was almost half built at this time.
After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather, and the animals toiled harder than ever, thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot.
After the autumn harvest, the weather has been clear and rainless, and the animals have worked harder than ever. They dragged stones all day, toiling back and forth. How meaningful it would be for them to think that in this way they would be able to raise the wall one foot higher in a day!
Boxer would even come out at nights and work for an hour or two on his own by the light of the harvest moon. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill, admiring the strength and perpendicularity of its walls and marveling that they should ever have been able to build anything so imposing.
Bauxer would even come out at night and spend an hour or two in the moonlight of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The animals, on the other hand, were happy to walk around halfway through the work in their spare time, marveling at the strength and verticality of the walls and amazing them at how great they could build such a great project.
Only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill, though, as usual, he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time. November came, with raging south-west winds. Building had to stop because it was now too wet to mix the cement.
Only the old Benjamin had no enthusiasm for the windmill, and he, as usual, had nothing to say except to say that donkeys live long. December arrived, bringing with it a fierce northwesterly wind. It was often rainy, there was no way to work with cement, and the construction had to be interrupted.
Finally there came a night when the gale was so violent that the farm buildings rocked on their foundations and several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. The hens woke up squawking with terror because they had all dreamed simultaneously of hearing a gun go off in the distance.
Then one night, when the wind was blowing so strongly that the entire shack of the manor was shaken from the foundation, and some of the tiles of the roof of the large barn were blown off. The flocks of chickens woke up screaming in fear as they simultaneously heard gunshots in the distance while they were asleep.
In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. They had just noticed this when a cry of despair broke from every animal's throat. A terrible sight had met their eyes. The windmill was in ruins. With one accord they dashed down to the spot.
In the morning, the animals came out of the shack to find that the flagpole had been blown down by the wind, and an elm tree on the edge of the orchard had been uprooted like a radish. At this moment, a cry of despair suddenly erupted from the throats of all the animals. A terrible vision appeared before them: the windmill was destroyed. They rushed to the scene in unison.
Napoleon, who seldom moved out of a walk, raced ahead of them all. Yes, there it lay, the fruit of all their struggles, leveled to its foundations, the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. Unable at first to speak, they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone.
Napoleon, who rarely went out for a walk, took the lead in running in the front. Yes, all the fruits of their struggle lay there, all flattened, and the stones they had so hard to break and pull were scattered in all directions. The animals stared bitterly at the collapsed rubble, unable to speak at once.
Napoleon paced to and fro in silence, occasionally snuffing at the ground. His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side, a sign in him of intense mental activity. Suddenly he halted as though his mind were made up.
Napoleon paced back and forth silently, occasionally sniffing the ground. His tail stiffened and twitched sharply, left and right, which for him was a manifestation of nervous mental activity. Suddenly, he stopped moving, as if he had an idea in mind.
"Comrades," he said quietly, "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. "Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion, this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year.
"Comrades," he said quietly, "do you know whose sins this is?" Do you know the enemy who came last night and destroyed our windmills? Snowball! He suddenly roared in a thunderous voice. This is what Snowboro did! This traitor's intentions are so poisonous that he crawled here in the dark and ruined the fruits of our nearly a year's labor. He tried to use this to thwart our plans and avenge his shameful expulsion.
Comrades, here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. 'Animal Hero, Second Class,' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!" The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action.
Comrades, at this very moment I declare the death penalty imposed on Snowbow. He also awarded the 'Animal Hero of the Second Degree' medal and the half-eared apple to any animal that punished him according to law. Animals that capture him alive will get a whole bunch of ear apples. The animals were indignant when they learned that Snowbo could commit such a crime.
There was a cry of indignation, and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. Almost immediately the footprints of a pig were discovered in the grass at a little distance from the knoll. They could only be traced for a few yards, but appeared to lead to a hole in the hedge.
So, after a roar, they began to imagine how to catch Snowbo when he returned. At about the same time, on the grass not far from the hill bag, pig trotter prints were found. Those hoof prints could only be traced a few steps away, but appeared to be in the direction of the hedge gap.
Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm. "No more delays, comrades!" cried Napoleon when the footprints had been examined. "There is work to be done.
Napoleon sniffed the hoof print carefully and insisted that it belonged to Snowbo. Personally, he thought it was possible that Snowbaw had come from the direction of Foxwood Manor. "Don't hesitate any longer, comrades!" Napoleon said after examining the hoof prints. "There's still work to be done.
This very morning we begin rebuilding the windmill, and we will build all through the winter, rain or shine. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily. Remember, comrades, there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be carried out to the day. Forward, comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"
It is from this morning that we are going to start rebuilding the windmill, and after this winter, we are going to build it. Come rain come shine. We want this vile traitor to know that he cannot so easily sabotage our work. Remember, comrades, that not only will our plans not change in any way, but will be carried out meticulously. Go ahead, comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm! "
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