2022 The Year of the Tiger is coming soon, and Xiaobian wants to introduce you to the cultural relics with "tiger".
Before introducing the cultural relics, let's first show you the evolution of the word "tiger".
The tiger characters in the oracle bones and gold texts are very graphic, specifically highlighting the large open tiger's mouth and sharp tiger claws.
Starting from the small seal, the glyph of the tiger character began to show the prototype of today's tiger character.
Although it was once very similar to a horse, if we look at the evolution of "horse", we will find that the biggest feature of the word "horse" is the horse's mane and four hooves.
In the naming of cultural relics, there are several types of cultural relics that are directly named after "tiger", including: tiger charms, tigers and tiger hats, and tiger head shoes.
Tiger Rune
The Tiger Charm flourished during the Warring States, Qin, and Han Dynasties, and was a relic of ancient emperors granting vassals the right to fight and mobilize troops. Cast in bronze in the shape of a tiger, with an inscription on its back, it is divided into two halves, the right half remains in the center, and the left half is issued to local officials or generals of the army.
If Wang Ruo sent officials to the army garrison to mobilize the army, he needed to bring a right charm and a left and right charm to test the combination before he could mobilize the army. The tiger charm is more short, and it can be held in the hand with one palm, and it is not easy to be found.
Du Hufu was cast during the reign of King Huiwen of Qin (356-311 BC). In 1975, it was excavated from the village of North Shenjiaqiao in the southern suburbs of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Length 9.5cm, height 4.4cm, thickness 0.7cm .
The Du Hu Charm unearthed in Beishen Village, a suburb of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, has an inscription of 40 characters made of wrong gold on the back. The inscription reads: "The Rune of the Armor, right in the Jun, left in Du (Du is a place name, Du County of the ancient Qin State). Whoever is armoured and employs more than fifty soldiers will dare to do it, and the things that burn will not be done, although they will not be able to do it. ”
It means that when there are more than 50 soldiers, they must show the tiger charm granted by the king to verify that they can be sent. However, when encountering a beacon alarm, you do not need to verify the tiger symbol, and you can immediately send troops.
Warring States An GuoHou Bronze Tiger Symbol Collection of Liaoning Provincial Museum
toilet
Tiger zi, its use has two theories, one is said to be a drowning vessel (commonly known as a night pot); the other is a water vessel. Most of the tigers made of celadon are common burial items in the tombs of the Wei, Jin, and Southern Dynasties.
Tang Celadon Tiger Zi Collection of Quanzhou City Museum
Xiaobian just went to Quanzhou last week to play, saw the Quanzhou City Museum collection of this Tang Zhenguan celadon tiger, is very cute, because it is a Ming ware, so the shape of the instrument is small, it does not look like a tiger, but like a small goldfish.
The picture above is a tiger that appeared in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with a mouth like an open tiger's head, a lifting beam on its back, a long body, and short four legs under it.
From the appearance of tigers, tiger-shaped artifacts began to enter the homes of ordinary people.
Six Dynasties Blue-glazed porcelain tigers collected by the Nanjing Museum
Recently, the ruins of the ancient city of Zhang'an in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, have just ended, and the archaeological team handed over more than 300 excavated cultural relics to the Jiaojiang Museum, one of which is this celadon tiger.
Celadon tiger zi the site of the ancient city of Zhang'an in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, was excavated
Most of the general tigers are made of porcelain, but in order to highlight the unique identity and status of the owner, there is also a type of tiger made of bronze.
It's just that this bronze is much heavier than porcelain, I don't know if people who get up at night will shake their hands?
Northern Yan The tomb of Feng Sufu in Beipiao City, Liaoning Province was excavated from the collection of the Liaoning Provincial Museum
Tiger hat, tiger head shoes
In the northern region, newly born children wear tiger hats and tiger shoes, hoping that children will grow up to be tiger heads, and this tradition is still preserved to this day.
Our museum also has preserved cute tiger hats and tiger shoes from hundreds of years ago.
Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum New Year Cultural Series Exhibition "Tiger Blessing Shenzhou" exhibition
Qing Tiger head shoes Yellow satin nails gold thread tiger head shoes Collection of the Palace Museum
Mussel plastic dragon tiger diagram
Among the tiger-related artificial remains found in archaeological excavations, the most famous is the clam sculpture dragon and tiger pattern at the Site of Xishuipo in Puyang County, Henan Province.
The Site of Xishuipo belongs to the Neolithic Period. In the second phase of cultural remains at this site, which dates from 6500 to 6300 years ago, three groups of mussel sculptures related to dragons and tigers were found.
For example, the owner of Tomb No. 45 is a prime-age male, and on the east and west sides of the tomb owner, there is a dragon and a tiger with mussel shells such as clams, spear mussels and wedge mussels. Among them, the tiger pattern is located on the left side of the human skeleton, the head is facing north, the back is facing east, the body is 1.39 meters long, the tiger head is slightly low, the eyes are round and open, the mouth is open, the teeth are exposed, the limbs are walking, and the tail is drooping.
Archaeologist Yuan Jing believes that such a placement gives special meaning to the two animals, dragon and tiger, which may be a manifestation of a primitive religion and reflect the thinking of ancient ancestors.
The mussel sculpture dragon and tiger pattern at the site of Xishuipo in Puyang County, Henan Province
Man and tiger stone carving
At the site of Shi'an in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, archaeologists found that in the center of a stone strip carved a human face with short hair on its back, slightly upturned hair, big eyes, large nose, and large face, and the human face was symmetrically carved out of two tigers of exactly the same shape, the tiger was hanging its head, the tiger's mouth was wide open, exposing its upper and lower fangs, its limbs were prone, its tail was rolled up, and the tiger's body and tail were carved with patterns.
Man and tiger stone carvings at the Shi'an site in Shaanxi
Bronze merchant tiger cannibalism
Entering the Bronze Age, bronzes associated with tigers are very distinctive. One of the most special is the only two remaining tiger cannibals in the world.
The mouth is round, with a standing deer as the cover button, the two ends of the beam are decorated with the same small tiger head, the tiger's ears are erected, the tiger's eyes are round, the tiger's mouth is wide open, the tiger's front paws hold a person tightly, the person's hands are high on the shoulders of the tiger, there is no fear expression on the face, the legs are half-squatted, the feet are on the tiger's feet, and the tiger's back two feet and the tiger's tail form three fulcrums to support the entire body. The tiger is decorated with dragon patterns, fish patterns and animal face patterns.
Because the human head is located in the mouth of the tiger, this man was once called the "tiger man-eater",
It is a pity that these two artifacts were unearthed during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and lost overseas soon after excavation, and are now in the collection of the Izumiya Museum in Japan and the Chinucci Museum in France.
Western Zhou bronze tiger hammer
Tiger ying is a kind of bronze of the "ying" class. Some studies believe that unlike the bronzes that were generally used as sacrifices, in the Zhou Dynasty, the "Ying" was a practical instrument used to hold water, similar to today's kettle, and there are only seven pieces of "Ying" that exist in the world.
Tiger Ying", one side of the shoulder has a tubular flow, modeled on the tiger, and the other side has a dragon head, the lid is folded, there is a round carved tiger-shaped decoration, and there are small ring buttons on the lid and the hook. The "Tiger Wing" is decorated with a curly shape on the shoulders, a horizontal S-shaped beveled cloud pattern on the upper part of the abdomen, a tile pattern on the lower part of the abdomen, and a gluttonous pattern on the foot roots.
Tiger Ying, a rare Western Zhou bronze that was plundered in the Yuanmingyuan, was officially entered into the National Museum of China on December 11, 2018.
Western Zhou Bronze Tiger Chain National Museum of China Collection
Western Zhou bronze mother and child tiger
Bronze tiger of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed from Rujiazhuang in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. The ears are drummed, and the tiger's feet are arched forward and backward, making a fluttering shape. Heavy ring pattern throughout.
The tiger's mouth is a small tiger, the small tiger's head is upwards, the eyes are prominent, and the mouth is wide open. The big tiger is holding the little tiger, which is really cute.
Western Zhou Bronze Mother and Child Tiger Baoji Bronze Museum Collection
West Thursday Tiger adorned with copper palladium
Excavated in 1985 in Min'an Village, Maohedian Township, Shaodong County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, the Four Tigers ornamental copper pendant.
It was used by kings and nobles in conjunction with chimes and chimes during feasts or sacrifices.
This pendant belongs to the Western Zhou Dynasty bell with a larger body, an oval section, a straight mouth, and a button on the top.
The bird's stripes with protrusions in front and back of the bell body are ridged ridges, with double tigers on each side, the tiger's head down, its limbs slightly curled, and its tail curled up.
Western Zhou Tiger Halberds Collected by the Palace Museum
Shangfu bird double-tailed bronze tiger
1989 Xingan County, Jiangxi Province. Although this tiger looks very good, it does not lose its mighty and courageous wind. The tiger has two tails. On the back of the tiger lies quietly a small bird, raising its neck, leisurely, and the fierce insect under it forms a sharp contrast between movement and stillness, strong and weak, large and small, a little black humor.
Although the bird is small, it is completely unafraid of the majesty of the tiger, like the master of the tiger, quite a philosophical meaning of soft kegang.
Fuhu ear tiger flat foot bronze Ding Jiangxi Provincial Museum collection
Shanghu ornament dagger
Late Shang Dynasty "Fang Guo" bronzes. Width 4.6 cm Excavated in 1959 from Shilou County Peach Blossom.
Dagger, the eating apparatus of the ancients, the spoon of offspring evolved from it.
A tiger with a large head and a long tail, a front of the object, and the tiger's eyes are embedded in turquoise.
Shanghu ornament dagger shaped instrument Shanxi Museum collection
Spring and autumn embedded with a false pattern tiger ear copper pot
This copper pot was unearthed in September 1999 in Huangdui Village, Huxian County. It is 43 centimeters high, 26.3 centimeters in diameter and weighs 8.8 kilograms.
The shape of the instrument is an eight-petal lotus-shaped nozzle, with an outer outer edge of the mouth, a long neck, a bulging abdomen, and a circle foot. The neck has symmetrical tiger-shaped amphora. The tiger's body looks back at the curl, and the mouth contains a ring, making a climbing edge.
The ornamentation of this artifact is very complex, such as the lotus petal on the top of the roof with a staggered pattern on the front, a noose pattern on the periphery, a mismatched animal face pattern on the back, and a geometric ornament on the periphery. The body of the pot is inlaid with a dragon pattern, and the tiger-shaped ears are decorated with small feathers and clouds.
Embedded wrong pattern tiger ear copper pot Shaanxi History Museum collection
Spring and Autumn bronze gilded tiger sheep-eating apparatus seat
The "Bronze Gilded Tiger Eater Base" vividly recreates the moment when the tiger opens its mouth and prepares to bite after swooping down on the lamb.
The tiger's hind legs stomp on the ground, the front legs press the sheep's body, the tiger's mouth is wide open, and the sheep curl up into a ball, showing the majesty of the king of the beast, perfectly showing the situation of the tiger eating the sheep.
The tiger has a square copper insert in the middle of its back, five or six centimeters high and about three centimeters wide, which should be used to hang instruments such as chimes or stone chimes.
Gilded tiger sheep-eating apparatus, Gansu Provincial Museum Collection
Spring and Autumn Bronze Gilded Tiger Sheep-Eating Instrument Seat Collection of Gansu Provincial Museum
Warring States Bronze Bull Tiger Case
The Niuhu Copper Case excavated the Warring States period bronze artifacts in 1972 in the No. 24 tomb pit of the Lijiashan Ancient Tomb Group In Jiangchuan County.
Case, also known as "trick", is a kind of ceremonial vessel in ancient China where meat sacrifices are placed.
The cattle and tiger cases are used to sacrifice cattle and animals, which is the most important sacrifice in ancient sacrifices, and cattle and animals are the first among the "three animals" in the sacrifice.
The tiger has a lofty position in the Dian culture, and often stands at the top of the copper pillar of the Dian people's sacrifice, which is the object of worship.
Warring States Bronze Bull and Tiger Case Yunnan Provincial Museum Collection
Warring States Tiger Deer Cattle Copper Shell Container
Excavated from the tomb of Lijiashan No. 22 in Jiangchuan, the artifact is cylindrical in shape, with a corset waist, a three-legged bottom, a humanoid foot, and a body supporting the head and hands.
There are three groups of patterns such as figures and animals carved at the waist: one group is 6 peacock snakes; one group is 4 people, including morning glory, cattle herders and axe bearers; one group is deer, cattle and rope patterns.
A 16.6 cm diameter ware is covered with a circle carved with a group of animal shapes: a large cow, centered, surrounded by a tiger and three deer, counterclockwise surrounding the big cow.
Warring States Tiger deer cattle copper shell vessel Yunnan Provincial Museum collection
Warring States Dragon Pattern Copper Tiger Puts Up Beam Copper Cup
In 1978, the dragon-patterned bronze tiger lifting beam found in Ankang, Shaanxi Province, was 23.2 cm high and weighed 3.145 kg, with a straight mouth, a ball belly, a round bottom, and a tiger-shaped lifting beam, with a cover, and the cover and the lifting beam were connected by a triple ring.
The design of the three-legged and flowing foot is very distinctive, the instrument foot is in the shape of an animal-faced human, and the upper support is an eagle with wings spread; the flow mouth is bird-shaped, which can be opened and closed.
Dragon pattern copper tiger put Ti Liang copper cup Shaanxi Provincial Museum collection
Warring States wrong gold and silver tiger devouring deer screen seat
The wrong gold and silver tiger devouring deer screen seat was excavated from the tomb of King Zhongshan in Sanji Township, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, which belongs to the Warring States period.
The screen seat is dominated by a tiger, with its limbs creeping on all fours, its eyes wide open, its ears straight up, its mouth biting a weak fawn, and its claws grabbed the neck of the fawn.
The fawn struggled desperately in the tiger's mouth, and the short tail was upturned vigorously. Tiger and deerskin coat stripes are made of gold and silver inlays.
The tiger has a rectangular brass on its neck and hips. The two sides of the bronze are decorated with goat head faces, and the mouth of the sheep is the mouth of the sheep, and the screen is installed in the shape of a curved ruler.
Wrong gold and silver tiger devouring deer screen seat Hebei Provincial Museum collection
Wrong Gold and Silver Tiger Eater Deer Screen Constellation (Partial)