Malnutrition is the most common nutritional problem in patients with malignant tumors, which reduces radiotherapy sensitivity, increases radiotherapy adverse reactions, and prolongs hospital stays; It is also a risk factor for tumor recurrence and low survival rate.
Tumor patients as a special group of immunocompromised, in the new crown epidemic and the Spring Festival, it is crucial to do a good job of home protection and strengthen nutrition, so how to eat well, please see below.
Eat a reasonable diet and exercise appropriately. Maintain a suitable, relatively stable weight. Food options should be diverse. Eat more protein-rich foods appropriately. Eat more vegetables, fruits, and other plant foods. Eat plenty of foods rich in minerals and vitamins. Limit refined sugar intake.
When the dietary intake of tumor patients during the anti-tumor treatment and rehabilitation period is insufficient, and the target needs cannot be met after dietary guidance, they need to seek professional guidance from the hospital and give enteral nutrition agents or intravenous infusion of parenteral nutrition preparations.
- The food was varied
Eat more foods including cereals, fruits and vegetables, fish, poultry, eggs and milk, and soybeans and potatoes:
- Adults: cereal 200 ~ 400 g / d, thickness and thin collocation, soft and rotten, there is difficulty swallowing or chewing difficulties of tumor patients can be crushed with soybean milk machine, made into rice paste or boiled into porridge, conducive to digestion and absorption;
- Increase the intake of vitamin-rich vegetables and fruits, choose more dark vegetables, fruit juice can not replace fruits;
- Eat more fish and poultry eggs in moderation, reduce the intake of red meat and processed meat in animal foods, limit animal foods that are grilled, pickled and fried, and eliminate the consumption of wild animals.
- Control intake
Reduce oil and salt, limit refined sugar and control wine. Choose a variety of vegetable oils as edible oils, oil 25 to 40 g / d, salt 6 g / d (general population), maintain adequate drinking water, advocate drinking boiled water and tea, do not drink or drink less sugary drinks.
- Eat and move in balance and maintain a suitable and relatively stable weight
Protein intake can enhance muscle protein anabolism, appropriately eat more fish, poultry, eggs, reduce red meat intake. For patients with gastrointestinal injuries caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is recommended to make soft and fine foods
The general intake is 1.0 g/(kg.d), and can be increased to 1.2 to 2 g/(kg.d), when physical activity decreases and is in a state of systemic inflammation. The energy intake of cancer patients is the same as that of healthy people, starting from 25 to 35 kcal / (kg.d), and if there is already a nutritional risk, energy should be supplemented to prevent weight loss.
Fat energy supply should account for 20% to 35% of the total daily energy intake, increasing monounsaturated fat intake.
Carbohydrates should be derived from cereals, vegetables, fruits, beans, etc., which is conducive to reducing the risk of tumor recurrence and reducing weight for overweight and obese patients. The recommended vegetable intake is 300 g to 500 g, and various colors of vegetables and leafy vegetables are recommended. Fruit intake 200 g to 300 g.
Common dietary misconceptions in cancer patients
- Myth 1: Drinking more soup can supplement nutrition.
The nutrition in the actual soup is only 5% to 10% of the raw materials, protein, inorganic salts and other nutrients in the soup residue, a large amount of soup will affect the intake of other foods, resulting in a single diet, which will lead to malnutrition in the long run.
- Myth 2: You can't eat "hair objects".
Patients are afraid of tumor recurrence and avoid mouthing, "hair" refers to food containing hormones, allogeneic proteins, histamine and other substances, easy to cause or aggravate gastrointestinal, respiratory, allergic diseases of food, but has nothing to do with tumor recurrence, so should eat high-quality protein, which has a positive effect on maintaining the nutritional status of tumor patients.
- Myth 3: Don't eat and starve tumor cells.
Although tumor cells lysate abnormally rapidly in the case of nutritional deficiencies, the less nutritionally poorly served patients were more intolerant of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the worse clinical outcomes.
Curator: GoEun, Mei Zhe
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Caption and the picture in the text image: Station Cool Helo PLUS