Cantonese blessings swept through the mirror of Lucane

You know the Cantonese language

Cantonese is one of the seven major dialects of China, with ya dialects originating from the northern Central Plains and Chu languages originating from the Chu state, and is a language that retains more ancient Chinese components. Qing Dynasty scholar Chen Li believed that the tone of the Guangzhou dialect was in line with the Sui and Tang rhyme book "Qie Yun", and the master of traditional Chinese studies, Mr. Nan Huaijin, believed that Cantonese was the "Chinese" of the Tang and Song dynasties. The standard cantonese pronunciation is Cantonese in Cantonese.

Every New Year, when people meet with friends and family, they are accustomed to exchanging blessings. "Cantonese", New Year greetings, in addition to the very popular "Happy New Year!" In addition to Wishing you prosperity", there are many distinctive statements, such as:

The other party is a businessman, and he said, "I wish you a prosperous business!" Always earn! The plate is full of bowls! ”

The other party was a fledgling young man, and he said: "I wish you a bright future!" Fishing all the tricks! ”

The other party is a manager, and he said: "I wish you a step up!" Be in one's element! Sweep over the cane! ”

The other party is an old man, so he said, "I wish you good health!" Full of children and grandchildren! Many happy returns! Laugh to 40,000 mouthfuls every day! ”

The other party is a lady, and she said, "I wish you a beautiful mirror!" Never nest skin! The food pole is fat! ”

Many Cantonese blessing words, outsiders often do not understand, and even confused. Even when you see words, some words and phrases need to be explained to understand.

For example, "fishing for all the fish" means "every line of work has a chance"; "sweeping over the cane" literally means "straighter than sugar cane", which actually means "career success, flying yellow Tengda"; "laughing to forty thousand mouths" means "laughing very happily"; "never nesting skin" literally means "never wrinkles", which actually means "always beautiful".

It is not difficult to understand the intonation characteristics, word characteristics, grammar characteristics and idiomatic language of Cantonese, and want to "understand Guangzhou".

1 Cantonese has "nine voices and six tones"

The Cantonese "nine tones and six tones" refers to nine sounds and six tones. The nine sounds are yin ping, yin shang, yin go, yang ping, yang go, yang go, yin in, middle in, and yang in. Because the yin and yin into the tonal values are equal, the yin and the middle in the tonal values are equal, and the yang and the yang in the ton are equal, so there are actually only six basic tonal values.

Tone is an extremely important element in Chinese, and Cantonese has many and complex tones. The flat grammar of ancient poetry is determined by different tones, and the more tones there are, the more you can appreciate and appreciate the musical beauty of ancient poetry.

2 There is a full set of in-sound words

In ancient Chinese, there are four sounds: ping, up, go, and in, of which the ancient inset characters are all preserved in Cantonese.

We usually speak, and the lack of sound will not affect the communication between each other. The ancients wrote poems and lyrics, paying great attention to the law of flatness, especially rhyming words, which was very exquisite. Whether the ancients wrote poems rhymed with flat or low rhymes was often determined by the feelings or emotions to be expressed. If you want to express depression, anger and other emotions, you will use special rhymes, such as Cao Zhi's "Seven Steps Poem", Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue", Liu Yong's "Raining Bells" and so on.

3 There are many elegant and ancient words

When Guangzhou people speak, they often inadvertently say some quaint "literary language", such as:

"Have to drink tea idly" (have time to drink tea), "when to sit idle" (when to have time to sit), "when to sit down", "when to be idle" are all ancient languages, Su Dongpo has the famous sentence "when is the bright moon", "idle" also appears in his "Sick Tour Zuta Courtyard": "Because of illness, idleness is not evil, and peace of mind is even more medicine." ”

"How many guests were received today" (how many guests were received today), "how many guests were received" is an ancient saying that can be traced back to Li Yu's "Yu Meiren" "How much sorrow can ask the king".

In addition, there are "all causes" (because), "don't talk about it" (not to mention first), "next day" (afternoon), "also" (also), "walk" (run), "eat" (eat), "drink" (drink), "畀" (give), "wear" (wear), etc., which are common words in ancient times.

4 Monosyllabic words

In the ancient Chinese period, monosyllabic words were almost absolutely dominant in number, and in Cantonese, monosyllabic words still occupy a considerable weight. For example: table (table), stool (chair), shirt (clothes), pants (pants), skirt (skirt), shoes (shoes), socks (socks), eyes (eyes), ears (ears), nose (nose), tail (tail), female (daughter), boy (son), etc., most of these monosyllabic words are nouns. Verbs also have many monosyllabic words, such as walking called "line", standing called "enterprise", and seeing things called "eye". In contrast to two-syllable words, monosyllabic words are concise and conform to the principles of oral communication.

5 Noun suffixes are mostly used as "boy"

Cantonese noun suffixes rarely use "子", but often use "仔". Qu Dajun said in the "Guangdong New Language": Everything in Guangzhou is known as a child. Liangjiazi is known as Yaguanzai, Cultivator is known as Ploughing Boy, Peddler Is known as Peddler Boy, Wanderer is Known as Scattered Boy, Ship Master Stove Man is known as Fire Boy, Rogue Boy is known as Boy.

In addition to these "boys" listed by Qu Dajun, there are also "hand boys" (small hands), "stool boys" (small stools), "birds" (birds), "house boys" (small houses) and so on. Cantonese nouns plus the suffix "zai" do not necessarily mean "small things", and sometimes also indicate intimacy, such as "brother zai" (little brother), "uncle boy" (refers to an uncle who is the same age as himself).

Other suffixes include "Guy", "Gong", "Mother", "Brother", "Female", "Sister", "Jing", "Friend", etc., such as "Tall Guy" (tall man), "Hororo Brother" (child), "Horse Spirit" (naughty ghost), "Dirty Cat" (unhygienic person) and so on.

6 Most of the word order retains the original state of Old Chinese

In ancient Chinese, word order subject-verb inversion, postposition of the definite, postposition of adjectives, and preposition of objects are common phenomena.

Postposition of the definite is to put the definite word after the central word, which is common in Cantonese, such as "human guest" (guest) and so on.

Cantonese postpositions are also common, such as when expressing gratitude to someone, Guangzhou people will say: "Well, you should be sunburned." Among them, "oh should" means "thanks" and "sunshine" means "ten". Another example is "I go first", Cantonese means "I go first", putting the word "first" behind.

There are also object prefixes, such as "give me a book", which is said in Cantonese as "book me".

Juxtaposed structural vocabulary, Cantonese will also appear inverted, such as "neat" to say "neat", "crowded" to say "crowded".

7 Words are often omitted

Cantonese not only has many monosyllabic words, but also often avoids complexity and simplicity in the use of words, and can save and save, such as: "you go to the side" (where you go), "want to eat tonight" (what do you want to eat tonight), "the car is a few positive" (this car is very good), "a few shirts and a few dollars" (how much is this dress), "I have a look" (I have seen it), "point to explain" (why is this), "top hard" (to meet the difficulties), such phrases, as concise as ancient Texts. The same is true of long sentences, which basically omit all words that can be omitted.

8 There are many self-created words and loanwords

Innovative words in Cantonese are used frequently in daily life, and to understand Cantonese, you must first understand the meaning of these words. Such as "boo" (stuff), "make trouble" (scolding), "shout" (crying), "beautiful" (beautiful), "sweep" (appropriate), "pick" (find), "point solution" (why), "yijia" (now), "ba closed" (can't help), "clinging" (closed), "clinging" (improvisation) and so on.

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cantonese has successively absorbed many foreign languages, such as "taxi" (taxi), "shiduo" (small shop), "paying bills" (checkout), "wave" (ball), "huachen" (pattern), etc., and is used very frequently.

9 Folk slang after the break is witty and witty

Cantonese is slang, more after the break, funny and witty.

There are countless slang in Cantonese, such as "one body ant" when encountering trouble, "cannon neck" in a grumpy manner, "there are lines and roads" in orderly work, "counting and counting, road back to the road", and ungrateful called "eating bowl noodles against the bottom of the bowl"...

Cantonese words are worth recalling, such as: "Frying heaps in the late new year - people have me." "Yellow bark tree brother -- cooked and eaten." After the break, the expression method is rich, vivid and humorous, and full of market atmosphere.

10 Be mindful

Many Guangzhou people pay attention to the meaning, and this custom is reflected in the language, and the same is true. For example, the New Year's red envelope is called "PaiLi is"; the vacant house does not say the word "empty", because "empty" and "fierce" are harmonized, so it is called "Yoshiya".

Another example is in the vegetable market, seeing the pig liver called "pig run", it is not good to feel that the word "liver" is not good; when you see loofah, because "silk" and "lose" are harmonious, it is called "winning melon".

Guangzhou people should have chicken and lettuce at New Year's Eve, calling chicken "Daji" and lettuce "making money". There must also be pig hands, which means "to get rich and hand".

Text/Guangzhou Daily, New Flower City Reporter: Zhong Kui

Pictured: People's Vision

Guangzhou Daily New Flower City Editor: Chen Tingting