Then in our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson talks about the two Chinese characters of the "Ge" Department: "Target, Wei (ShangxianXiage)". Among these two characters, "韅" is a strange character, and "target" is a sub-common word in modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so the focus of this lesson is "target". The details of the two words are as follows:
1. Target. There are two pronunciations:
(a) bà. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is "target, Yuangeye." From leather, bar sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the leather horse reins. Regarding the specific and accurate meaning of "Yuange", there have been different controversies among generations. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Family" said: "The place where the imperial people are." "It is the part grasped by the person driving the horse, and the clear point is the part grasped by the hand at the end of the reins, not the whole horse reins." Erya Shi ji: "The first is called the revolution." Hao Yixing's "Erya Yishu": "The head is the target." "Han Yi" note: "Tiáo (horse reins) leather is called 辔也, with gold as a small ring, into the entanglement. This is referring to the first hanging, that is, the part where the head of the reins is tied to le's brass ring and droops, which is actually the other end of the reins, which is tied to the leather at mahler's place.
(Parts of different interpretations)
We can ignore the question of this specific precision problem, the so-called "target" is the leather horse reins. "Hanshu Wang's Biography": "Wang Liang holds the target, and Han Mourning attaches to public opinion." "The target here is to take the reins. It is to let Wang Liang take the reins in his hand, and Han Mourning will be attached to the emperor.
Because the meaning of the word "target" is derived from "put", the target has many uses:
(1) Pull the belt to get on the bus. "Guangya Shiji": "The target is Sui. Wang Niansun's "Guangya Evacuation Evidence": "The words of the target will also be put on, and the will be put on the car." "Shuowen": 'Sui, the target in the car is also. It is an ancient car, in order to be convenient to get on the car, a belt will be placed to facilitate the use of hands to get on the car.
(2) The handle of the utensil. Hui Lin's "All The Sutras and Sounds" volume 62 quotes the "Book of Characters": "Target, handle also." The fifty-fifth time in "Dream of the Red Chamber": "Because of the spring exploration, I cried, and three or four little girls came holding washbasin towels, target mirrors and other objects." "The target mirror here is the mirror with the handle.
(Mirror with target)
It is also extended to the handle. The third fold of Qiao Ji's "Marriage between the Two Worlds" of the Yuan Dynasty: "I am a delicate Luoyang flower, almost revealing the target of the wind and the wind." "The target is the proverbial "talker."
(3) The middle of the bow body, where the bow is held when the bow is opened. "Tiangong Kaiwu Jiabing Arc Arrow": "Its skin protection is held like a soft sponge, so the bow target must be used." Wang Wei's "Out of the Plug": "Jade target horn bow zhu Lema, the Han family will give Huo Yao." ”
(Arrow Target)
(4) Use the same as "rake". The first fold of the Yuan anonymity "Liu Qian's Illness Hits the One-Horned Cow": "You are waiting to press the target basket." ”
(ii) bǎ. There are two usages:
(1) The target of the shooting. For example: arrow targets. The first fold of Yuan Wang Shifu's "Gao Yan Li Chun Tang": "Stretch out the ape arm to take the silver mane, and the prophet's arrow in the target has merit." ”
(Arrow Target)
(2) Objects that are bombarded by streams of particles emitted by accelerators, nuclear reactors, radioactive sources, etc. Used to study nuclear reactions, obtain radioactive isotopes or produce X-rays. For example, in an X-ray tube, the high-speed electron stream emitted by the cathode hits the anode target made of tungsten, that is, the X-ray is generated.
The small seal of the "target" is written as shown in the figure:
(Target small seal writing)
2. 韅 (上顯下革). Read xiǎn. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "韅, 鞥也." From the leather, the sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is a leather bellyband attached to the two armpits of the horse.
(Horse belt)
"Ji Yun Milling Rhyme": "韅, Shuowen: '箸腋鞥也.' 'One is behind the back. or from the display. ”
The small seal of "韅" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing of 韅)
([Explanation of words] no. 523, some pictures from the Internet)