#中国历史上四大古都, who is the easiest to defend and difficult to attack #
The four ancient capitals of China are Chang'an, Luoyang, Beijing and Nanjing. Among them, it is necessary to talk about the dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack, when the first to promote Chang'an, that is, today's Xi'an.
Let's start with the other three ancient capitals.
Nanjing City is the famous "tiger and dragon disk" of the imperial victory place. But his terrain was not conducive to defense. The Purple Mountain on the outskirts of him is too close to the city, so there is a saying that "the Purple Mountain is set up with cannons, running and bombarding into the Purple City". If it is impossible to defend the periphery of the Purple Mountain, the city defense of Nanjing City is useless. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the city of Nanjing was also abandoned by the Nationalist army after the Battle of Songhu, because there was no danger to defend. It can be seen that Nanjing is by no means a place that is easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Beijing is the center of northern China, backed by the Great Wall, and is still somewhat shielded against the attacks of the northern nomads. But once the Great Wall line is lost, the situation in Beijing will be precarious. During the Ming Dynasty, known as the "Heavenly Son Guarding the Gate of the Country", both the Mongols and the Later Jin Dynasty besieged the city of Beijing many times. The minister at that time could do almost nothing but ask for help and delay. That is to say, the famous minister Yu Qian fought a beautiful defense battle, but it was only a flash in the pan. And if the attack comes from the south, the city of Beijing is even more undefended. Li Zicheng at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Anglo-French coalition army and the Eight-Nation Alliance in the last years of the Qing Dynasty all once demanded from Beijing. Moreover, it must be mentioned that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Beijing was the place where the first shots of the all-out War of Resistance were fired, and it was also the first place to fall. It can be seen that Beijing is not a place that is easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Geographically speaking, Luoyang has geographical advantages to rely on. It is backed by the Taihang Mountains, surrounded by mountains on all sides, and has the Yellow River and Luoshui Arch Guard, which are also dangerous to the city, and the situation is stable, which is rare in the whole country. Moreover, Luoyang has excellent traffic in all directions and is a good place to rule the country in a prosperous world. But the problem is that Luoyang is located in the Central Plains, which has been the land of four wars since ancient times. Once a war starts, the soldiers will fight for Luoyang! Therefore, there are more wars in Luoyang. If it is sparse, it will still cause the overall collapse of the defense. It should still be said that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although Luoyang persisted until the eve of victory, it was finally captured by the Japanese army in 1944. Although Luoyang is also easy to defend and difficult to attack, it is difficult to say a "most" word.
Here's finally chang'an. The location of Chang'an is today's Xi'an. It is almost surrounded by mountains on all sides, and it is surrounded by Wuguan, Sanguan, Xiaoguan and Tongguan, which can be described as a dangerous place, and it is definitely not something that ordinary people can touch! Especially Tongguan, it is known as a natural danger, unless it is outwitted, the strong attack basically cannot be taken down. Therefore, when people evaluate Chang'an, they often use words such as "the mountains and rivers are stable, and the advance can be attacked and retreated" to describe it.
The only weak point in Chang'an's defense was in the northwest. Before the rise of the Tubo and Uighurs, Chang'an was faced with small tribes, and basically did not have to worry. Later, after the Tubo and Uighurs became strong, Chang'an was also looted many times. However, these two regimes were short-lived. Chang'an's overall natural defense system remained solid. Moreover, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army planned to attack Xi'an three times, but in the end all of them were unsuccessful. It can be seen that if it is easy to defend and difficult to attack, Chang'an is indeed the best of the ancient capital.
Of course, the above is only the words of a despicable family. Dear readers, which ancient capital is the easiest to defend and difficult to attack in your hearts?
#Beijing ##西安 #
