Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson talks about the six Chinese characters of the "Ge" department: "靷, ,[革豆], ,[Ge 尃], [Ge 奄]. "In fact, in ancient times, the car as a means of transportation was the same as the modern car, and the names of its various parts also had their own technical terms. The six words in this lesson are all such terms, because due to the development of the times, these terms have gradually withdrawn from the historical stage, so most of these words have become strange words, and the GB word library is no longer included. The details of the six words are as follows:
1. Jing. Read yǐn. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Jing, lead shaft also." From the leather, lead the sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is a belt tied to the axle to guide the car forward. Simply put, "Jing" is the belt that leads the car forward, early people think that the service horse does not have a jing, the jing single refers to the outer reed of the horse, through the clothing horse on the back of the ring tied to the axle, in order to lead the car forward, so it is called "Jing", there is the meaning of "leading" the car forward.
(Horse Stingray Rope)
Later, the Qinling Copper Carriage horse was unearthed, correcting this misunderstanding, and people knew that both the service horse and the horse had a "jing" rope, but the structure was different. The service horses and the horses are all single, because the horses are driving and the horses do not drive, so they pull the car in different ways, but they actually "lead" the car forward, so they all have "jing".
(Illustration of The Costume Horse)
"Zuo Chuan, The Second Year of The Duke of Sorrow": "I will die twice, and I can stop it." Kong Yingda Shuo: "The ancient one who rides four horses, serves the horse and the yoke, and his neck is yoke, and the two horses are beside him. "My two horses are about to break, and I can control them."
靷 is also written as "紖", which refers to the cow nose rope. "Six Books, Animal II": "靷, also made a silk, the Shuowen said: 'Cow lineage also.' Song Kong Pingzhong's "Continuing The Saying of Praise": "Li Mi took a yellow bull, was recommended by Pu, hung the "Book of Han" on the horn, caught the cow with one hand, and turned the "Book of Han" with the other hand." ”
(Horn hanging book, Li Mi morning glory)
The small seal of "靷" is written as follows:
(The small seal of the jing is written)
2、 。 Read guǎn. The explanation given in the "Explanation of The Explanation of Words" is: ", the car is also a tool." From the leather, the official voice. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is a collective term for driving a saddle. It is the collective name for the full set of saddles for driving horses.
The small seal is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal notation)
3. [Leather beans]. Read dòu. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Leather beans], car tools also." From leather, bean sounds. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the instrument of driving. If understood in this way, "[Ge Dou]" and "" are synonymous, but Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Lineage": "Jué (jué) in the tongue also." "i.e. [leather bean] refers to the tongue in the ring of the horse's belly band. Therefore, "[Leather Bean]" is a specific reference.
The small seal of "[Leather Bean]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [Leather Bean] is written)
4、 。 Read yú. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: ", Inner Ring Tatar also." From leather, to sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the leather ring tied on the axle. Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "Those who ring the tartar, the ring is the tassel." Wang Yun's "Interpretation": "Today's big car, the side of the leather ring, the jing are tied to it, the cover is the so-called also." ”
(Qin Bronze Carriage)
5. [Ge Ying]. There are four pronunciations:
(i) bó. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "[Ge Yue], chexia Suoye." From the leather, the sound of the voice. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the car under the rope. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Family": "Taking the leather as the rope, it will eventually be tied to the bottom of public opinion." The "end" here should be the mistake of "network". Wang Yun's "Reading of Sayings and Sentences": "The Interpretation of the Name and the Urgent Article are all bound, and Yan Notes: 'Tied under the car, the tie of the axle makes the public opinion connected, that is, the so-called hook heart is also today.'" '" Hook heart, refers to the hook heart wood under the car connected to the shaft.
(ii) fú. It is pronounced from "Collection rhymes". Car bag. "Ji Yun Yao Yun": "[Ge Ying], the car sac." ”
(c) bù. It is pronounced from Guangyun. panties. "Guangyun Houyun": "[Ge Yi], Jiri. ”
(iv) fù. It is pronounced from "Collection rhymes". Same as "". Leather-clad yokes are leather-wrapped yokes. "Ji Yun Yu Rhyme": ", leather-clad yoke also, or as [Ge Ying]. ”
(Location of the yoke)
The small seal of "[Ge Ying]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [Ge Ying] is written)
6. [Ge Yan]. Read è. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Ge Yan], the car tool also." "Shape sound words, vehicle appliances. "Jade Chapters and Gebu": "[Ge Xiang], the car is also equipped." "It's the appliances covered up on the car." Wang Yun's "Reading the Name of the Saying Text": "Doubt is the different text of the 鞥." As for what kind of vehicle equipment "[Ge Yan]" is, there is no conclusion, it should be a cover on the car, but the specific kind can only be doubted for the time being.
The small seal of "[Ge Yan]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [Ge Xiang] is written)
([Explanation of words] no. 525, some pictures from the Internet)