Finally, there are some things we want to tell you.
1. What are the drugs that can be seen in daily life, and how to distinguish them?
Common drugs include opium, heroin, methamphetamine, ecstasy, K powder, marijuana and so on.
Opium is made by drying the juice of poppy fruit, commonly known as large smoke, generally black or brown, bitter taste;
Heroin is a general term for morphine drugs, commonly known as number, white powder, white noodles, white crystal powder, itself is sour;
Methamphetamine, or "methamphetamine", is a pure white crystal in appearance, so it is called "ice", which is a tasteless or slightly bitter transparent crystal;
Ecstasy, a derivative of methamphetamine, has the dual effect of excitement and hallucinogenicity, after abuse, it can appear for a long time with the phenomenon of violently swinging the head with music, so it is called ecstasy, the appearance is mostly tablets, colorful;
K powder scientific name "ketamine", white crystalline powder, odorless, easily soluble in water, after taking the fast-paced music will be strongly twisted, there are auditory hallucinations, hallucinations, hallucinations and so on. In addition, it is easy for people to have sexual impulses, so it is also called "rape powder" or "rape powder";
Cannabis, an annual herb of the Sanko family, is divided into poisonous cannabis and non-toxic cannabis. Toxic cannabis primarily refers to short, multi-branched Indian cannabis. Cannabis drugs mainly include cannabis smoke, cannabis resin and cannabis oil.
Regardless of the form of drug, the first contact is often relatively hidden. Therefore, please pay attention to: do not accept strangers' drinks, snacks, candy, refuse temptation, always be vigilant about any form of drugs, do not blindly curious or try.
2. How to scientifically detoxify?
According to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of opioid drugs such as opium, morphine and heroin issued by the Ministry of Health[5], there are five main steps to drug rehabilitation:
Step 1: "Alternative Law".
It is to let drug addicts use methadone, buprenorphine hydrochloride and other pharmacologically similar, and less toxic, less dependent drugs to replace the original drug, and gradually reduce until the drug is stopped, generally can help drug addicts smoothly through the withdrawal reaction period within 20 days.
Step 2: Treatment of withdrawal symptoms.
It is mainly symptomatic treatment, and the specific methods are:
(1) Sleep and mood disorders: for insomnia, anxiety, depression and other symptoms, small doses of sedative hypnosis and antidepressants can be used as appropriate under the guidance of a physician, and large doses of benzodiazepines should be avoided to prevent them from becoming dependent;
(2) General weakness, limb joints and muscle pain: symptomatic treatment or use of proprietary Chinese medicines with symptoms of withdrawal.
Step 3: Medication maintenance therapy.
Community-based maintenance therapy should be performed in opioid-dependent individuals who recur after detoxification therapy. Main methods include methadone maintenance therapy and buprenorphine (compound buprenorphine) maintenance therapy. Maintenance pharmacotherapy is not simply the use of alternative medicines, but includes a combination of interventions in patient management, medical interventions, psychological/behavioral interventions, and social support.
Step 4: Drug anti-relapse treatment.
Simply put, it is to prevent relapse and avoid factors related to recurrence: substance trigger, that is, triggered by re-medication to get rewarded; situational trigger, triggered by seeing companions, utensils, places, etc.; stress trigger, that is, triggered by negative or positive emotional changes. Avoiding these can evoke memories of previous opioid use.
Step 5: Psychosocial intervention.
Psychological and social intervention is mainly aimed at psychological and social factors affecting patients with opioid use-related disorders, including interventions in various aspects of individual psychology, behavior, family and social environment, which is an important part of treatment.
3. Please never touch drugs.
In 2019, the mainland cracked a total of 62,000 cases of drug smuggling, trafficking and transportation, arrested 90,000 criminal suspects, and seized 49.1 tons of drugs[4].
Behind these cases are often anonymous anti-drug policemen, according to statistics, the number of anti-drug police sacrifices is 4.9 times that of the average police [4].
In order to avoid retaliation by drug dealers, they have to play mosaics when interviewed, and they can only leave wordless tombstones after sacrifice, and they are the unsung heroes who truly guard us.
Please click on one to watch, the more people know the horrors of drugs, the less of a sacrificial anti-drug policeman.
Reviewer: Han Ying
Chief Physician, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
bibliography
[1] Tallóczy Z, Martinez J, Joset D, et al. Methamphetamine inhibits antigen processing, presentation, and phagocytosis [published correction appears in PLoS Pathog. 2008 Mar;4(3).
[2] Prakash MD, Tangalakis K, Antonipillai J, Stojanovska L, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Methamphetamine: Effects on the brain, gut and immune system. Pharmacol Res. 2017;120:60-67. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.009
[3] Hser YI, Hoffman V, Grella CE, Anglin MD. A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(5):503-508. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.503
[4] 2019 China Drug Situation Report http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-06/28/content_5522443.htm
[5] The Ministry of Health's Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders Related to Opioid Use http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s3573/201712/d97b1676239542eea151227bc993315b.shtml
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