Virtual Pole Press: No matter how the instrument type evolves in cultural exchanges and the passage of time and space, what remains unchanged is always the wine gift and wine way of "Hu'er will be exchanged for fine wine, and sell with Er for eternal sorrows".
Cultural inclusion refers to the internalization phenomenon that occurs when different cultures come into contact with each other, and this process includes many stages such as acceptance, synthesis, and creation, through which culture absorbs external factors to enrich itself. Cultural inclusion is different from both cultural confrontation and cultural assimilation, which is a process of systematic absorption, transformation and reconstruction of foreign cultures and heterogeneous cultures, and at the same time it is also a process of revaluation, reflection and transformation of local cultures. The artifacts depicted in his works by the Persian miniature painting Holy Hand Abasi in his works perfectly embody the fusion of Eastern and Western art.
▲ Reza Abbasil, "The Boy with the Wine", early 17th century, watercolor on paper with gold miniature, 17 × 8 cm
National Museum of Krakow, Poland
The young tavern in the picture above, holding a long-necked melon prism bottle in his left hand, and the small cup in his right hand seems to have been filled with jelly and is about to be dedicated to his master. The neck of this bottle is slender and slender, and judging from its strength characteristics of being held with one hand without damage, its material should be metal. In fact, this kind of bottle is quite common in miniature paintings with the theme of serving wine.
▲ Mussafville, Abbasid the Great and the Squire, 17th century
In addition to metal materials, Persians who are good at glass craftsmanship also often use mold blowing to make glass long-necked bottles.
▲ [Iran] Cobalt blue glass straight-necked bottle, late 18th to early 19th century, 35 x 11 cm
Collection of the Brooklyn Museum, New York, USA
This long-necked bottle was introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty and became popular in the Song and Liao dynasties. The gold vase in the picture below is from the early and middle Liao Dynasty, and the highly patterned tangled flowers on the bottle mark its characteristics of the times, while the middle and late Liao Dynasty prefers realistic folded branches.
▲ [Liao] Tangled branch pattern long-necked gold vase
Collection of the Palace Museum
In addition to the gold and silver bottles commonly used by dignitaries and dignitaries, similar styles of porcelain straight-necked bottles will be fired in various kilns across the country. After the Song Dynasty moved south, the Southern Song Dynasty official kilns, Longquan kilns and Jizhou kilns continued this tradition, while such products in the northern kilns became increasingly rare.
▲ [Tang] blue glazed eight-sided bottle, height 22.5 cm, caliber 1.7 cm, foot diameter 7.2 cm
▲ [Late Tang Dynasty] Yue kiln blue glaze straight neck bottle, height 22.4 cm, caliber 2.3 cm, foot diameter 7.3 cm
▲ [Song] Dingyao white glaze carved flower straight neck bottle, height 22 cm, caliber 5.5 cm, foot diameter 6.4 cm
The Northern Song Dynasty pink straight neck bottle in the picture above is very similar to the one in the Persian miniature painting, its shape is flat and folded, the straight neck is long, the bulging abdomen is round, the high circle foot is skimmed, the abdomen is darkly engraved with dragons wearing pattern decorations, the knife work is vigorous, the lines are smooth, and it is called a superior work. In the evolution of later instruments, the style of straight-necked bottles tends to be moderate, and the style treatment of "shoulder cutting" makes the transition between the neck and the bottle body in one go. At the same time, there are fewer and fewer flat mouths and more straight mouths, which weakens the portable function of this bottle and enhances the display function.
▲ [Ming Xuande] Xuande filigree enamel tangled lotus pattern bottle, height 22 cm, caliber 2.9 cm, foot diameter 9 cm
▲ [Qing Kangxi] Alum red color depicting gold cloud dragon pattern straight neck bottle, height 42.2 cm, caliber 4.2 cm, foot diameter 12 cm.
▲ [Qing Kangxi] Blue and white bamboo forest Seven Sages Figure Mallet bottle
In the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the body of the straight-neck bottle also began to be subdivided into oil hammer bottles, cone bottles, bile bottles, and flat round water chestnut bottles according to the position of the center of gravity. Of course, the paper mallet bottle, which was particularly popular in the Song Dynasty, also roughly belongs to this type of variant. The drunkenness is big, and the sun and moon in the pot are long. No matter how the instrument type evolves in cultural exchanges and the passage of time and space, what remains unchanged is always the wine gift and wine way of "Hu'er will exchange for fine wine, and sell with Er for eternal sorrow". The instrument is to hide the ritual, and the instrument is to see the Tao, which is also called.