Source: Jingyitong
Looking at the abnormal indicators on the examination report, people always ask: Do you have any disease? Do you need to take medicine?
Today we will talk about the "standard" of common chronic diseases and medication:
01
High blood pressure
Hazards: Increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases!
Who needs to take the medicine:
All patients diagnosed with hypertension: lifestyle improvements (salt restriction, balanced diet, appropriate exercise, etc.) are recommended and initiation of antihypertensive medication as directed by a physician;
Patients with blood pressure < 160/100 mmHg and no coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, atherosclerotic plaque, nephropathy and diabetes mellitus may intervene solely on lifestyle modification for 3 months, and if not met, they should start antihypertensive drugs immediately.
02
Hyperuricemia
* Normal reference value ranges may vary slightly from hospital equipment to hospital
Hazards: Increased risk of gout, kidney stones, kidney disease and so on!
Hemauric acid >480 μmol/L: if there is gout, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, stroke, coronary heart disease at the same time, it is necessary to start uric acid-lowering drug therapy;
Blood uric acid > 540 μmol/L: regardless of the above comorbidities, it is necessary to start taking uric acid-lowering drugs.
03
Type 2 Diabetes
* In addition to the above indicators, it is also necessary to pay attention to glycosylated hemoglobin
Hazards: Increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney diseases, retinopathy, diabetic foot and so on!
Patients with type 2 diabetes who are initially diagnosed with milder disease can be treated for 3 months simply by improving their lifestyle (weight control, balanced diet, regular exercise, etc.) as appropriate, and if the blood glucose is not up to standard, oral hypoglycemic drugs should be started;
Patients with poor pancreatic islet function, or some patients who have just been diagnosed and some patients with gestational diabetes, can choose insulin injection therapy depending on the condition.
04
Dyslipidemia
* If any of the above items are met, it is an abnormal lipid margin or abnormal level
Hazards: Increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and so on!
Intermediate-risk and low-risk cardiovascular diseases: improve lifestyle (smoking cessation, balanced diet, salt and oil restriction, etc.) for 3 to 6 months, if LDL is not up to standard, they need to take statin therapy;
High-risk cardiovascular disease: immediately start taking statins and other drugs, and LDL < 2.6mmol/L to meet the standard;
Patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease: immediately start taking drugs such as statins, and the LDL < 1.8 mmol/L is considered to be up to standard.
* The so-called cardiovascular disease medium-risk, high-risk people, refers to the number of dyslipidemia combined with smoking, advanced age, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and other factors, the more combined, the higher the degree of risk, need to be judged by a doctor.
05
Fatty liver
*A description of the degree of fatty liver can generally be found in the ultrasound report
Harm: Increased risk of steatohepatitis, fatty liver cirrhosis, and even liver cancer!
Simple fatty liver: basically do not need drugs, mainly rely on weight loss, reasonable diet, alcohol withdrawal, exercise and other lifestyle improvement;
Fatty liver with abnormal liver function: such as elevated transaminases, become steatohepatitis, according to the situation of anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective drug treatment, and actively find out the cause of intervention.
06
Abnormal thyroid function
* Thyroid disease is more complex, and the diagnosis needs to be judged by a doctor
Hazards: Harmful to various bodily functions such as heart, metabolism, and mental state!
Patients with hyperthyroidism: antithyroid drugs should be taken according to the condition for treatment;
Patients with hypothyroidism: oral thyroxine is required for drug replacement therapy depending on the condition
* Thyroid disease is more complex and requires specific judgment and guidance from the doctor.
07
Carotid plaque
* Description of carotid artery plaque or stenosis is generally reported in cervical ultrasound
Hazards: Plaque is too large or unstable to fall off, increasing the risk of cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction!
50% of patients without stenosis or stenosis <: local treatment of plaque is not required at this time, but patients with three higher underlying diseases need to be actively treated for these diseases;
Carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50%: use statin lipid-modulating drugs (even if the blood lipids are not high at this time) and aspirin to stabilize plaque and prevent thrombosis. Surgery is required if necessary.
* It should be judged by the doctor according to the degree of stenosis, the degree of plaque stability, etc
08
Poor blood
Hazards: Anemia will affect the health of multiple systems such as skin and mucous membranes, nerves, breathing, and digestion!
First of all, clarify the cause: do not think of food supplements as soon as you are anemia, and check one step ahead to find the cause of the anemia;
Treatment is based on the cause of anemia, such as iron deficiency requiring iron supplementation, renal anemia using erythropoietin, immunosuppressants for immune-related anemia, and so on. Specifically, a doctor will need to guide you.
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