ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistant System) is an advanced driver assistance system.
ADAS is an active safety technology that uses a variety of sensors installed on the car to collect environmental data inside and outside the car at the first time, and to identify, detect and track static and dynamic objects, so that the driver can detect possible dangers in the fastest time to attract attention and improve safety.
ADAS uses sensors such as cameras, radar, lasers, and ultrasound that detect light, heat, pressure, or other variables used to monitor the condition of the car, typically located on the vehicle's front and rear bumpers, side mirrors, inside the joystick, or on the windshield.
Early ADAS technology was primarily based on passive alarms, which alerted the driver to an abnormal vehicle or road condition when it detected a potential hazard. Proactive interventions are also common for the latest ADAS technologies.
Automotive advanced driver assistance systems typically include:
Navigation and real-time traffic system TMC;
Electronic police system ISA (Intelligent speed adaptation or intelligence speed advice);
Vehicular communication systems;
Adaptive cruise control;
Lane Departure Warning System (Lane Departure Warning System);
Lane change assistance;
Collisionavoidance system or Precrash system;
Night Vision;
Adaptive light control
Pedestrian protection system
Automatic parking
Traffic sign recognition
Blind spot detection
Driver drowsiness detection
Hill descent control
Electric vehicle warning sounds system
Blind spot detection system
The blind spot of the driver of the car refers to the three-sided rearview mirror, the left, right, and the area that cannot be seen inside, I believe that many drivers have a deep impression of the blind spot, and it is also one of the accidents that often occur in many accidents. The blind spot detection system is the use of radar and sensors to detect the blind spot area behind the vehicle, and when the blind spot area detects that the vehicle is approaching, it will provide a warning to the driver to help the driver minimize the probability of accidents.
Parking assist system
ADAS's parking system benefits many newbies who don't park. Parking assistance system is divided into 2 types, namely active and passive, the former system automatically controls the steering wheel to help the driver complete the parking, of course, the throttle, brake and gear switching or the owner to control it. The latter is composed of image (camera) and audio-visual (ultrasonic) sensing units, providing more information around the body for the owner to grasp and reducing the chance of collision.
Lane Departure Warning System LDW
This system is composed of cameras, sensors and controllers, the principle is used in the side of the car or rearview mirror of the camera, sampling the current driving lane marking line, and then through image processing to obtain the current car in the lane seat, then as long as the car deviates from the lane, the controller will issue an alarm signal, from sensing to issuing an alarm, the process only takes about 0.5 seconds to remind, wake up driving, to avoid accidents.
Collision Prevention System FCW
By the radar installed in the front of the car, to detect the distance and speed of the car and the vehicle in front, the initial warning sound will be issued to remind the driver to pay attention to the distance, if the distance is still continuously closer, the vehicle will first automatically lightly step on the brakes, and gently pull the seat belt 2-3 times, warning the driver, if the system determines that the collision is no way to avoid, after starting the automatic emergency brake (AEB), it will immediately tighten the seat belt to fix the driver at the same time, reducing the injury after the accident.
Road-friendly lighting systems
This system can automatically adjust the lighting range and angle of the lights according to different road conditions, environment, speed and weather conditions, so that the illumination range of the lights can be more profound, and will not be imaged to the sight of other passers-by, in order to provide drivers and oncoming vehicles safer and more comfortable lighting, from the past AFS active steering headlights, to the current combination of sensors of multiple LED intelligent headlights, are in the scope of this system.
Night vision system
Helps drivers automatically identify animals or large foreign bodies at night or in bad weather when they can't see clearly, clearly, and warn the driver of the road ahead to avoid accidents. The way of discrimination is to use infrared rays to perceive the differences in heat, distinguish between people, animals, vehicles and the differences in the environment, and transform them into images after processing, so as to clearly present the objects that were not clearly seen in front of the driving eye to reduce the risk of driving.
Active Distance Control Cruise System, ACC
This is through the distance sensor installed in the front of the vehicle, continuously scan the road in front of the vehicle to know the speed and relative distance of the car in front, the speed will be automatically detected during the drive, when the distance from the car in front of it is getting smaller and smaller, it will adjust its own speed, maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front, reduce the occurrence of collision accidents, that is, the so-called advanced version of the automatic cruise system, many models can already see the traces of this system.
Monitoring of the driver's physiological status
At present, most of the systems are using cameras to detect the driver's face, judge the degree of concentration, whether there is a symbol of dozing, and the system uses the driver's eye opening and closing frequency to identify the safety level, provide appropriate warnings or assist actions, if the driver's facial expression changes are reduced, or even the situation of closing the eyes, the vehicle will warn the owner through the sound and light number to reduce the occurrence of accidents.
Trilogy of systems
Each of the systems mentioned above mainly consists of 3 programs: information collection, analysis, and instruction execution.
A . The first is information collection: different systems need to use different types of automotive sensors, including millimeter-wave radar, ultrasonic radar, infrared radar, lidar, CCD CMOS image sensors and wheel speed sensors, etc., to collect the working state of the vehicle and its parameter changes, and to turn the changing mechanical movement into electronic parameters (voltage, resistance and current). For example, lane departure warning systems use CMOS image sensors, night vision systems use infrared sensors, adaptive fixed speed control usually use radar, and parking assistance systems use ultrasound.
The ADAS system needs to be assisted by different types of vehicle sensors, including millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar, infrared radar, lidar, CCD CMOS image sensor and wheel speed sensor, so that the car can grasp the external vehicle conditions before it can carry out subsequent warning or reaction actions.
B. Secondly, information analysis and instruction issuance: the electronic control unit (ECU) will analyze and process the information collected by the sensor, and then issue action instructions to the controlled actuator.
C. Finally, the execution action: including throttle, brake, light, sound and other systems belong to the scope of the actuator, will be based on the signal output of the ECU, to perform a variety of reaction actions, so that the car safely on the road.
At present, the main function of the ADAS system is not to completely control the car, but to provide the driver with the working conditions of the vehicle, analyze the relevant information such as changes in the environment outside the car, and warn of possible dangerous situations in advance, so that the driver can take countermeasures in advance to avoid traffic accidents. As for the purpose of becoming the basis of driverless smart car technology, of course, it is also the direction that the ADAS system is actively pursuing, but this needs to be further achieved after continuously accumulating experience and blind spots, and adding more active detection systems and even Internet of Things functions, after all, the automotive technology required for automatic driving is higher and more complex.
The main ADAS systems are:
APA (Automatic Parking System);
ACC (Automatic Cruise System);
AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking);
LDW (Lane Departure Warning System);
LKA (Lane Keeping System);
FCW (Forward Collision Warning);
PCW (Pedestrian Collision Warning);
TSR (Traffic Sign Recognition);
HBA (High Beam Assist System), etc
ADAS system can have such a highly intelligent response, in addition to the development of sensors are increasingly complete, the processor's reaction speed growth and the continuous establishment of the analysis database is also a contributor, otherwise a large amount of collected information can not be effectively analyzed and reacted, or can not achieve the purpose of dodging danger.
Attached: Introduction of seven key ADAS suppliers
continent
Vendor Profile
The Continental ADAS business is part of the Chassis & Safety Division. In 2015, the division accounted for 21% of total sales in mainland China, with revenues of 8.4 billion euros, an increase of 12%, mainly due to the rapid growth of the global ADAS market.
In China, Continental Chassis & Safety Division has 7 production bases and 5 R&D bases, and will build a new ADAS sensor production base in Shanghai in the future, which is expected to be put into operation in 2018, mainly producing radar products.
ADAS main products
Mainland ADAS products cover sensors, control strategies and actuators, can provide a complete set of ADAS system services, is an ADAS system supplier.
In terms of sensors, The mainland has the ability to supply cameras, millimeter-wave radar, and lidar. The camera system can realize IHC, LDW, LKA, TSR, FCW, SVC and other functions; millimeter wave radar system can realize ACC, AEB, FCW, BSM and other functions; lidar system can mainly realize BEA and other functions.
The mainland has strong strength in cameras and millimeter wave radar products. The detection distance of the camera during the day and night is 40 meters and 80 meters, respectively; the detection distance of long-range millimeter-wave radar can reach 200 meters; and the infrared lidar of the mainland, mainly as a low-cost solution for AEB functions, supports small cars.
The main customer situation of smart cars
Mainland China has the highest market share in the global ADAS market, and OEMs such as Toyota, Ford, and General Motors are all customers of the mainland. Domestic independent brands also have a number of ADAS products that use the mainland, such as GAC, Dongfeng and so on.
Bosch
Bosch Chassis Control Systems is part of the Automotive & Intelligent Mobility Division, which focuses on active safety, passive safety, driver assistance (i.e. ADAS) and boosters. In 2015, bosch automotive and intelligent transportation division revenue reached 41.7 billion euros, accounting for 59% of Bosch's overall revenue, an increase of 12% compared to 2014.
Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Suzhou, Bosch Chassis Control Systems China is also the location for marketing, engineering and production; it has two test sites in Mongolia Yakeshi and Donghai, Jiangsu; and a second plant in Chengdu, Sichuan.
Bosch is a supplier of ADAS systems with the ability to supply sensors, processors and actuators, and can provide a complete range of ADAS system services.
In terms of sensors, Bosch has long-range millimeter-wave radar, medium-range millimeter-wave radar, cameras, night vision and other products. It can realize almost all ADAS functions such as ACC, FCW, AEB, LDW, LKS, TSR, PDS, NVA, etc. As we all know, Bosch is leading in long-range millimeter wave radar, with a detection distance of up to 250 meters, and the product has reached the third generation. In addition, Bosch has also launched medium-range millimeter wave radar products based on 77GHz, which is also a leading product in the market.
Bosch's global ADAS market share is second only to the mainland, and long-range millimeter wave radar is Bosch's main area of strength. OEMs such as Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, and Honda are all Bosch customers. There are also many domestic independent brands that use Bosch's ADAS products, such as Geely and Changan.
Otoliv
Autoliv ADAS business is part of the Active Safety Division. In 2015, Autoliv's Active Security Division generated revenues of $610 million, representing 7 percent of overall revenue, up 25 percent from 2014.
Autoliv has a total of 13 wholly-owned or joint venture companies in China, and the Headquarters of China and R&D Headquarters are located in Jiading, Shanghai.
Autoliv's ADAS-related products involve sensors, processors and some actuators, and are a world-renowned supplier of steering wheels, seat belts and airbags. As an ADAS system supplier, Autoliv can provide a complete range of ADAS system service solutions.
Autoliv can also provide both vision and radar ADAS sensors. It can realize AEB, ACC, IHC, LDW, TSR, PDS, NVA and other ADAS functions. Autoliv's best job is undoubtedly night vision systems, which are far ahead of the market share in this field; in terms of radar, Autoliv has built its own R&D and design capabilities through the acquisition of MACOM.
Autoliv's main OEM customers are BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Audi, Honda and other enterprises, of which BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo night vision systems use Autoliv products. Autoliv is also a number of domestic independent brand ADAS system suppliers, such as Geely, Great Wall and so on.
Delphi
Manufacturer Introduction
Delphi ADAS is part of the Electronics & Security Systems Division. In 2015, Delphi Electronics & Security's operating income reached $2.77 billion, accounting for 18% of overall revenue.
Delphi has more than 20 production bases in China, two technology research and development centers, in Beijing and Shanghai.
Delphi is also an ADAS system supplier, with the ability to supply sensors, control strategies and actuators, and can provide customers with a complete range of ADAS system services.
In terms of ADAS sensors, Delphi's products cover cameras, millimeter wave radars and ultrasonic radars, which can realize AEB, FCW, ACC, LDW, PDS, NVA and other ADAS functions. In addition, in 2015, Delphi invested in Quanergy to lay out low-cost mass production lidar products.
Delphi's main OEM customers are Ford, Volvo, Mazda and other enterprises. Among the domestic independent brands, OEMs such as Changan and Geely are also ADAS system customers of Delphi.
ZF & Trina
After ZF acquired the TRW Automotive Group in 2015, it established the Active and Passive Safety Division, to which the ADAS-related business unit is part of it. In 2015, the division generated revenues of EUR 8.94 billion, representing 31 percent of ZF's overall business.
ZF has established two regional headquarters, 32 production enterprises and 3 after-sales service and trading companies in China, headquartered in Shanghai. In addition, ZF TRW will launch its latest camera sensor S-Cam3 in China as early as 2017, produced by the TRW body electronics factory in Anting, Shanghai.
ZF TRW has the ability to supply sensors, processors and actuators, and is also an ADAS system supplier, offering a complete range of ADAS system services.
ZF TRW's main OEM customers are Citroën, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan and other companies. There are relatively few domestic independent brand ADAS customers.
Denso
Denso's ADAS business is part of the Information and Security Division. In fiscal 2016, the division's operating income reached 689 billion yen, accounting for 15% of DENSO's overall business, an increase of 10% compared to fiscal 2015. So far, DENSO has established 27 wholly-owned or joint venture companies in China.
Denso is an ADAS system supplier, from sensors, processors to actuators, has its own products, can provide customers with a complete set of ADAS system services.
Denso's ADAS sensors include millimeter-wave radar, lidar, and cameras that can perform almost all ADAS functions. The detection distance of its 77GHz millimeter wave radar products can reach ±18 °, 205 meters; and Denso's camera products have the characteristics of small size and low temperature resistance.
Denso's main OEM customers are concentrated in Japanese companies, and Toyota, Honda, Mazda, and Suzuki are Denso's main customers. There are relatively few domestic independent brand ADAS customers.
Valeo
The Vallée ADAS business is part of the Comfort and Safety Systems Division. In 2015, the division's operating income reached EUR 270 million, accounting for 18 percent of DENSO's overall business, representing a growth rate of 16 percent compared to fiscal year 2015.
Valeo offers a complete range of ADAS system services for ADAS sensors, algorithms and actuators. The sensor covers a variety of products such as infrared cameras, millimeter wave radar, and cameras, and can realize a variety of ADAS functions such as AP, SVC, ACC, and AEB.
Valeo's main OEM customers are Nissan, Ford, and General Motors. Its ultrasonic radar and surround view camera market share is high. There are relatively few domestic independent brand ADAS customers.
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