There is a sentence in the Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu's "Horse Sayings": "Thousands of horses are often there, but Bole is not often there", which is about talented people who cherish talents and do not meet. The same applies to this sentence in the literary world: "Treasures are often there, but treasure readers are not often there", not every treasure will have Bole to match it.
There are many precious cultural relics on the mainland or are stored in major museums; or buried in the ground; or scattered in all corners of the folk; or lost overseas; and some due to people's weak awareness of cultural relics protection, they are mistaken for ordinary utensils or even destroyed, becoming a major tragedy in archaeological history.
The national treasure cloud pattern copper ban was repaired before it was repaired
Today I want to talk about the three most depressed national treasures in the history of mainland cultural relics, which were used to pickle vegetables, bake cakes, and ring the bell at class, which is regrettable and painful, but in the end they were all discovered and re-collected and protected!
Da Yu Hai - is used to pickle vegetables
In front of the Chengguang Hall of Beihai Tuancheng in Beijing, there is a stone pavilion with blue glazed tiles called the Jade Urn Pavilion, and on the stone seat of the Han white jade in the pavilion is placed a large wine urn of the Yuan Dynasty, which can be called the largest heirloom jade in the mainland - the Great Jade Sea of Dushan Mountain.
"Dushan Dayuhai", also known as "Great Jade Urn" and "Wine Sea", is 0.7 meters high, 1.35 to 1.82 meters in diameter, 4.93 meters in circumference and weighs about 3500 kilograms. The word "Dushan" in the Great Jade Sea of Dushan is a fake "Dushan". Dushan, in the northwest of Nanyang, Henan, is a traditional Chinese jade producer. Dushan jade, along with Hetian jade in Xinjiang, Xiuyu in Liaoning and turquoise in Hubei, is known as the "Four Famous Jades of China".
The "Great Jade Sea of Dushan Mountain" is said to have been made by Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265), to reward the three armies. It is carved from a huge jade with a black and white seal, surrounded by rough seas, in which dragons, pigs, horses, deer, rhinos, snails and other gods play in the middle of the waves. The whole is slightly oval in shape, hollowed out inside, and can store more than 30 stones of wine, which is about equivalent to 3,600 bottles of one pound of liquor.
After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, most of the palaces in the Yuan Capital were demolished, and the Guanghan Hall where the Great Jade Sea was placed was fortunately preserved. On the day before the Dragon Boat Festival in the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1579), the Guanghan Hall caught fire and then collapsed, and the "Great Jade Sea of Dushan Mountain" was urgently transported to the royal superintendent. The Imperial Guard is a place dedicated to making court utensils to play, which was changed to a Taoist temple during the Qing Dynasty and named Zhenwu Temple. Unknown to the Taoists, it was used as a pickle jar for more than 100 years.
It was not until the 50th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1711 AD) when the Zhenwu Temple was rebuilt that the Taoist monks discovered that the stone bowl was actually made of jade, so they took out the vegetables, washed them, stored water in them, and put them into the mountain stones and placed them in front of Guanyin Master to show the meaning of Putuo in the South China Sea.
During the Qianlong period, the scholars of the Hanlin Academy who lived in this area came to the temple to play, and when they saw this extraordinary jade bowl, they thought that it was not a folk artifact. They rummaged through the materials, repeatedly examined it, and were pleasantly surprised to find that this was the Great Jade Sea in front of the Guanghan Hall of the Yuan Dynasty, which had been lost for hundreds of years. Therefore, he reported to the Qianlong Emperor, who was familiar with historical relics, overjoyed, and in the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), he ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to allocate 100,000 taels of silver to buy back the jade bowl. However, he did not move back to the base at the same time, but carved another Han white jade base and replaced it with a jade bowl, which was placed together in front of the Chengguang Hall of Beihai Tuancheng.
"Dushan Great Jade Sea" is the earliest existing large-scale jade, and among the hundreds of thousands of jades handed down from the mainland to the present, it is the only jade from the Mongolian period that can be recognized (Kublai Khan only set the name of the country as Yuan in 1271 AD), and it has been circulated in an orderly manner in history (there are historical accounts in the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties), and it deserves to be "the first jade of the town"!
Plate of Nails – used to bake bread
Made in the Western Zhou Dynasty about 2,800 years ago, the Xijia Plate is a national treasure. According to legend, the "Xijia Pan" was unearthed during the Southern Song Dynasty and hidden in the Inner Province of Shaoxing, but later flowed out of the Inner Province due to war and gradually became unknown. By the time the Yuan Dynasty came to the Yuan Dynasty, the great calligrapher and connoisseur Xian Yushu found this plate in the home of his subordinate Li Shun's father, but it had been broken by his family and used as a pancake cooker. Later, after several generations of collection and transmission, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the people entered the hands of the great collector Chen Jieqi, and then the whereabouts of the "Xijia Plate" were unknown.
The whereabouts of the real artifacts are unknown, so counterfeits appear from time to time. In the 1940s and 1950s, it was rumored that the Nihon Shodo Museum had a collection of koji plates. However, after the identification of many experts, this is a forged armor plate from the Republic of China period. In the 1980s, it was also rumored that the University of Chinese hong Kong also had a xijia plate, and after expert identification, it was found that this so-called xijia plate was indeed the authenticity of the Zhou Dynasty, but the inscription on the plate was a forgery of posterity.
In 2014, the No. 1 Collection Network reported on the Xijia disk
In November 2014, the China (Hubei) Cultural and Art Fair held in Wuhan exhibited a piece of Xijia plate, and the China Cultural Relics Information Consulting Center invited digital experts from the State Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee to conduct the appraisal. After appraisal, whether it is from the shape, ornamentation, shell rust, casting traces, or inscriptions, it can be determined that this is the long-lost and famous Western Zhou heavy instrument Xijia plate, especially this Xijia plate inscription extension is no different from Chen Jieqi's original rubbing.
The plate is 11.7 cm high and 47 cm in diameter. Open shallow abdomen, narrow along the square lip, the inner sole is slightly concave, a pair of appendages are high above the handicap, and a pair of beams on each ear is connected to the disc edge, and the circle foot is mutilated. The abdomen is decorated with a silken pattern, and the ears are decorated with heavy rings inside and outside, which is simple and simple. According to the documents passed down from generation to generation, the owner of the instrument, Yin Jifu, was a military expert, politician and great poet of the time. He was the main compiler of the Book of Poetry, preserving and promoting early Chinese culture, and is considered the "ancestor of poetry".
On the Xijia plate, there are a total of 133 inscriptions, which record the history of King Xuan of Zhou, the penultimate king of the Western Zhou Dynasty of the Central Dynasty, and is the bronze with the largest number of words, the highest grade and the heaviest weight in the known domestic auction market. As Wang Guowei said: "This kind of heavy weapon, its foot feathers and wings are historically superior to Mao Gongzhu ding." ”
Auction site of the Xijia plate
At 9:00 p.m. on July 15, 2017, at the "Southern Song Dynasty Court Old Treasure Western Zhou Heavy Instrument National Treasure Xijia Plate Auction and Chinese Bronze Ware Auction" at the Xiling Spring Auction in Hangzhou, the Western Zhou Bronze Armor Plate started at 120 million yuan, 185 million yuan fell on the hammer, and 212.75 million yuan was sold.
From the Song Dynasty to the present, xijia pan has suffered many misfortunes and appeared from time to time. After hundreds of years of wandering, the lost and recovered armor plate returns to the homeland and then meets the new lord, which is also a kind of consummation!
Nurhaci Cloud Plate – used as a bell ringer
Nurhachi iron cloud plate was cast in the post-Jin Mandate of Heaven period, which has a history of more than 380 years. As a tool for the officers and men of the Eight Banners to guard the border and alarm, as well as an instrument for transmitting information in the Houjin court, the cloud board played an important role in maintaining the stability of his regime.
The entire board of Nurhaci cloud plate is made of pig iron cast at one time, with a total height of 55.5 cm, a thickness of 1.2 cm and a weight of 12.5 kg. The upper and lower parts are cloud-shaped, and the plate body is long strips. There is a round hole in the upper part of the cloud plate, which is used for wearing a lanyard, and one side has fewer casting patterns, only a small amount of floral ornamentation is cast in the lower cloud head; on the other hand, the upper and lower clouds are cast with a curly grass pattern, and there is a raised flower in the cloud head, and the lower center of both sides is a circular percussion bump, decorated with petal patterns around it. The middle side of the board is cast with Chinese characters, the right side is the double hook body "Dajin Tianfeng 癸", the left side is the Kaishu Yang script "Hainian Cast Niuzhuang", and the two lines have the Word "Cheng" in the Yang script of the Kaishu.
All the cloud plates in the Nurhaci period were all made of pig iron, which was very easy to rust and particularly difficult to preserve, so the value of the cloud plates in the Nurhaci period was very high. Unexpectedly, the cloud board that experts have been searching for for many years was finally found in a primary school, and what is even more ridiculous is that the local people do not know the origin and value of this cloud board, so they just use it as a bell for school classes to ring.
Nurhachi Cloud Plate can be described as having endured hardships and vicissitudes, and is now collected in the Palace Museum in Shenyang, which has important historical and scientific value and has been identified as a national first-class cultural relic.
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