One of the vicissitudes of the sea, the infinity of the universe, the sun only one?
How do scientists know the sun will exit the universe?
The Sun is currently a middle-aged star.
The Sun is currently a middle-aged star. (Image source: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory)
According to The Beatles singer-songwriter George Harrison, everything will be a thing of the past, from mathematical and astronomical models that have gone through decades, including the sun.
So, will the sun burn out when it will burn out?
While the eventual death of our medium-sized solar mass is in the trillions of years to come, the Sun's "life" is its "main axis" at its current stage of activity — hydro-nuclear fusion that provides enough pressure for its radiated energy to prevent the star from collapsing in its own mass — and it will all end in about 5 billion years.
"The sun is less than 5 billion years old," said Paula Testa, an astrophysicist at the Center for Astrophysics, a university observatory built in collaboration with the Smithsonian's Astrophysical Observatory and Harvard University. "It's a middle-aged star, and its life is about 10 billion years or so."
After the Sun burns most of the hydrogen in its core, it will transition to the next stage of the red giant. In the future of about 5 billion years, the Sun will stop generating heat on Earth through nuclear fusion, and its core will become unstable and shrink. At the same time, the sun's exterior still contains hydrogen, which expands and emits a red glow as it cools, according to NASA. This expansion will gradually engulf the Sun's neighboring planets, Mercury, and Venus, accelerating the Sun's solar wind until they suppress Earth's magnetic field and strip away the Earth's magnetic field atmosphere.
This is almost certainly bad news for life on our planet — assuming that life survives a projected 10 percent increase in solar brightness According to a study published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2014, Earth's oceans could survive for another 1 billion to 1.5 billion years. In the first few million years of expansion, according to a study published in the Monthly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2008, it is likely that the sun will also consume rocky remnants on Earth.
The Sun will then begin to fuse the helium left behind by hydrogen fusion into carbon and oxygen, eventually collapsing into the core, leaving behind a gorgeous planetary nebula — a glowing nebula shell of hot plasma that shrinks in its outer layer into an incredibly dense, hotter, Earth-sized carcass of a star known as a white dwarf. This nebula can only last about ten thousand years, Testa says, and that's only a fraction of a second in cosmic time. From there, the sun's wreckage will take trillions of years to cool and eventually become a non-launching object.
In order to reach the timeline of the Sun and all stars of relative mass, scientists need to know how it radiates energy, which is difficult considering before nuclear fusion of the Sun's mass reaches the standard.
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"A lot of science is relatively cutting-edge, and like last century, understanding how stars work presupposes understanding nuclear reactions and nuclear fusion," Testa said, designing heating mechanisms and processes for X-ray emission in the outer layers of the solar atmosphere, such as solar flares. "Before the 1930s, one of the main ideas about how stars worked was that the energy of the hat came only from gravitational energy."
Once astronomers and astrophysicists have a better understanding of nuclear fusion, plus emission data observed from several stars. They were able to come up with a more complete model."
By gathering a lot of different information from different stars, astronomers and astrophysicists can build a model of how stars evolve," Testa told Science Live Channel. This gives us a fairly accurate predictable age of the sun. ”
This age — about 4.6 billion to 4.7 billion years old — is also confirmed by radiometric dating of the oldest meteorites, which consist of the same solar nebula, a vortex of gas and dust that gave rise to the sun and planetary bodies in the solar system.
Thanks to these tools, scientists have a clear understanding of when the sun's light eventually goes out and disappears.
Related knowledge
The Sun ( also known as the Sun ) is a star at the center of the Solar System , and it is almost an ideal sphere where thermal plasma and magnetic fields intertwine. It is approximately 1,392,000 (1.392×106) km in diameter, equivalent to 109.3 times the diameter of The Earth; it has a mass of about 2×1030 kg (333,000 times that of the Earth), or about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. In terms of chemical composition, about three-quarters of the sun's mass is hydrogen (~73%), and the rest is almost all helium (~25%), including oxygen, carbon, neon, iron, and other heavy elements with less than 2% mass.[16]
BY: John Arnst
FY:Jane
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