India and Pakistan are the main countries in South Asia, and historically, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh were all part of British India. During the British Indian period, all affairs of the country were decided by the British, and the emperor of India was also held by the British king.
After the end of the Second World War, Britain's national strength was severely damaged, and it was no longer able to maintain colonial rule in India. In 1947, Mountbatten, the last British governor-general of India, proposed the Mountbatten Plan for the partition of India and Pakistan, which divided British India into two countries, India and Pakistan.
Britain is a very good mine-laying country, even if it is forced to allow India's independence, it will create hidden dangers for India and Pakistan, so that it can continue to maintain its influence in South Asia after India's independence. For example, the British Mountbatten Plan required British India to be divided into two countries, India and Pakistan, but the British did not specify the specific scope of India and Pakistan, but handed over the decision to the various Indian states.
British India consisted of a number of native states, which historically operated independently and were not integrated into the British until the arrival of the British. When India and Pakistan were divided, the British stipulated that each native state had the right to join India or Pakistan on its own initiative. As a result of this provision, the Kashmiri state has been hesitant, which has led to a dispute between India and Pakistan in Kashmir.
In addition to territorial disputes, there are also hidden dangers in the distribution of water resources between India and Pakistan. In 1947, when India and Pakistan were divided, the British unreasonably divided the irrigation system in the Indus Valley, resulting in a water dispute between India and Pakistan.
The Indus River is one of the major rivers in South Asia, the main stream is mainly located in Pakistan, and there are five main tributaries. Pakistan is an arid and water-scarce country with scarce precipitation and a large population, and the entire country is mainly dependent on the water resources of the Indus River. However, due to the British's allocation of the upper Indus to India and the lower reaches to Pakistan, the dispute between the two countries arose.
After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, India and Pakistan fought over the Kashmir dispute, and relations were very tense. Since the upper reaches of the Indus River come from Kashmir and india's Punjab and Himachal states, India even claims to prevent Indian water from flowing into Pakistan, so what is the result? How is Pakistan responding?
At that time, India controlled water conservation projects such as Madopur and Ferozpur in the upper reaches of the Indus River, and began to store water for irrigation and desert control, resulting in less and less water flowing downstream, but India was unable to completely cut off water.
India's approach has been met with the displeasure of Pakistan, which has increased its military investment in Kashmir in order to compete for water resources, mainly because the upper indus flows through Kashmir, and only by controlling the kremlinary land to the maximum extent can the upper Indus river be controlled to the greatest extent.
Pakistan's military investment put a lot of pressure on India, and in 1948, India was under pressure to reach an agreement with Pakistan, and India promised to open the floodgates and release water.
But the signing of the agreement did not solve the problem completely, and disputes between the two countries have continued to erupt frequently since then, and India has often threatened to stop the water. India's approach will not help resolve the dispute, and India will not be able to completely cut off the water, but neither country is willing to succumb. Until 1954, the World Bank mediated the India-Pakistan water dispute.
The World Bank proposes that the two countries divide the rivers of the Indus Valley, with three rivers in the western part of the Indus Basin, including the main stream of the Indus River, being assigned to Pakistan and the three rivers in the east to India. India and Pakistan agreed, and India promised not to divert water resources from the upper reaches of the three western rivers from Pakistan. In this way, the two countries signed a treaty in Karachi in 1960 to divide the water resources of the Indus River, and Pakistan received 80% of the water resources of the Indus Valley.