China's land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, while India is only 2.98 million square kilometers, according to the reason, our arable land area should be completely destroyed india, but in fact, most of the western part of China belongs to the steep terrain or serious desertification of no man's land, while India, located in the South Asian subcontinent, is dominated by plains and fertile fields.
According to the latest statistics in 2021, China's arable land area is about 1.9 billion mu, which is equivalent to 1.21 million square kilometers, which is 100 million mu less than in 2016, while India's arable land area in recent years is about 1.59 million square kilometers, about 300,000 square kilometers more arable land than China.
And India is located in the tropics, perennial by the influence of tropical monsoons, warm and humid environment is very conducive to the growth of crops, in most parts of China can only grow one or two crops of rice a year, but in most of the plains of India can be planted three seasons of rice per year, this is the advantage of nature.
India and China are both world's most populous countries, and in terms of total population is infinitely close, it is reasonable to say that Heaven gave India such good conditions for agricultural development, which also gave India the potential to support itself, but around 1949, China's grain production and India were far apart, and it was almost twice the gap, although there were occasional twists and turns in the middle, but overall, as of now, the gap between China and India in grain production is relatively constant.
According to the data given by the National Bureau of Statistics, China's total grain output in 2020 is 669 million tons, ranking first in the world, while India only has 362 million tons (of course, with this data can also rank in the top three in the world).
Grain has involved national security since ancient times, naturally no country will ignore this problem, I believe the Indian authorities will not, but India obviously has the advantages of a wide area of arable land and outstanding natural conditions, why is it that grain production has not been able to catch up with China, is India's "flood power" not fully released, or is there something else that is difficult to say?
The real reason why India's efforts do not work after producing grain
I see many friends on the Internet saying that India's grain production can not keep up with national demand because its industrial base is too weak, as the saying goes, industry feeds agriculture, in order to increase food production, it is indispensable to the use of fertilizers, pesticides and some high-tech, but these are just the most scarce things in India.
Coating of corn seeds before sowing can effectively control underground pests and some diseases
Industry affects agriculture is certainly also an important reason, such as corn seeds wrapped in red powder, its disease resistance, insect resistance is certainly stronger than corn seeds without red powder, which is an important embodiment of industrial improvement of agriculture, but at the beginning of the founding of New China, we were also facing a poor and white domestic reality, but at this time has opened up almost twice the gap in grain production with India, indicating that industry is not the most fundamental reason for the healthy development of Indian agriculture.
In addition, some people pointed out that India's post-agricultural mana failure may be related to its land system, although India has also undergone several land reforms before and after, but the results are very small, like the phenomenon of sharecroppers and some farmers who do not have their own land at all, which invisibly affects the enthusiasm of farmers' production, and it seems reasonable to say that grain production cannot be improved.
However, in 1949, China's third land reform was not yet completed, but by then China's grain production had reached 113 million tons, while India's was only 0.63 billion tons, which just shows that land ownership issues and industrial development can indeed affect agricultural production, and sometimes even play a decisive role, but it is not a decisive factor in opening up the gap between China and India in grain production.
Since 1949, China and India have begun to follow different agricultural development paths, and the Central Document No. 1 issued by China is almost always a policy plan to solve the existing problems of the three rural areas, and India has also experienced a green revolution in agriculture.
In short, both countries have invested a lot of energy in agricultural development, but with the passage of time, the gap between India and China in this regard has not changed, and it has maintained a constant value of almost twice, indicating that the most important factor affecting this aspect is not the human factor, but a certain force majeure factor, that is, nature.
The reason I analyze next may break through many people's existing understanding, that is, on the issue of drought in India, it is true that Heaven has opened a window for Indian agriculture, but at the same time it has closed a door for it.
Our impression of India, located in the four continents of South Asia, is a typical tropical monsoon climate, abundant rainfall should be the basic operation, but do not ignore another common sense, no matter how abundant precipitation India can not escape high evaporation, another important feature of the tropical monsoon climate is the high temperature.
Here it is necessary to popularize the tropical monsoon climate, the country or region dominated by the tropical monsoon climate, there are actually only two seasons a year, the dry season and the rainy season, the rainfall is mainly concentrated in June to September, the average annual precipitation is generally greater than 1500mm, and the northern part of India has an insurmountable graben - the Himalayas, blocking the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean, so that the rain almost all fell on the Indian mainland, so that the Flooding of the Indian rainy season has become a habitual thing. This is also a kind of destruction of agriculture.
Let's look at the second point, the tropical monsoon climate is often accompanied by high temperatures, the average annual temperature is about 20 degrees, the coldest month can often reach more than 15 degrees, the temperature of high evaporation is naturally raised, the rainy season is turbulent and urgent rain out of part of the infiltration into the underground, most of them with the river eventually flow to the ocean, to the non-rainy season, especially to the spring sowing season after the evaporation of autumn and winter, limited water resources and high temperature environment can directly suppress the germination rate and excavation rate of crops.
Of course, India is not a drought every year, but this situation is not uncommon, the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean has become the door of life and death to control India's precipitation, if the southwest monsoon comes a little later or the power is weaker than in previous years, there will generally be a large-scale or even nationwide drought, which makes India bitter, once this happens, the Indian people can only pump groundwater as a source of domestic water.
In 2019, for example, in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, there was a severe drought, and four large reservoirs in its capital Chennai tended to dry up completely, and a large number of residents' living water source was either groundwater or transported by the local government from hundreds of kilometers away by water trucks
Why are there so few public toilets in India and hygiene always criticized? The local government's reluctance to invest may also be one thing, but the main reason is that there is no water, water resources are too precious, domestic water is still barely strong, some people may say that India has a famous Ganges River, relying on the Ganges River for irrigation is not OK?
But if you open the map of India, you can see that the Ganges is entrenched in northern India, and the central and southern parts cannot enjoy the benefits of the Ganges at all, unlike China, where there is a Yellow River in the north and a Yangtze River in the south, in which the dense tributaries form an intricate water conservancy network.
India's Minister of Agriculture RadamoHan Singh has said that the reason for India's failure to produce grain cannot be attributed entirely to agricultural technology, and the impact of drought on India's agricultural production is even no less than that of agricultural technology.
India's annual planting time is about June, and must wait until the arrival of the monsoon as scheduled, if the monsoon is delayed, then its sowing time must also be delayed by the same range, otherwise it will face the consequences of reducing production, or even the consequences of the harvest, if the rain brought by the southwest monsoon that year is far less abundant than in previous years, there will be a large-scale reduction in production.
Therefore, Indian agriculture has completely become an industry that relies on the southwest monsoon to eat, in order to alleviate this symptom, the Indian government's first thought is to vigorously repair water conservancy projects and rely on water conservancy projects to store water resources.
However, water conservancy projects can often only change the uneven distribution of water resources in local areas, but when there is a drought situation on a large scale or even nationwide, the role that water conservancy projects can play is really limited, and the construction of water conservancy projects also requires a strong industrial base, and if it is not good, it may break the embankment in advance in the rainy season, causing secondary injuries, technology and strong financial support, which are not the most abundant in India, so the impact on agriculture is also the most profound.