Introduction:
During this process, midwives are often grabbed by the baby's fingers. The moment of warmth seemed to them to be nothing more than the usual grasping reflex—healthy babies clutching everything at hand, fingers, umbilical cords, forceps. Xu Min, head nurse of the delivery room of Dongcheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, said that the feeling of fingers being caught was soft but very powerful. Doctor Zhu Peijing said, "If he (she) grabs you like this, you will suddenly become gentle." ”
When he first started working, Xu Min felt that the picture of production was a bit bloody, and sometimes dreams of giving birth to a child, that kind of "bald birth" (referring to giving birth before being ready). It's either someone else or yourself. Geng Kaiyang of Chaoyang Hospital, a rare male midwife in the delivery room, put great enthusiasm into it. He would press the child's footprints on a card, write a sentence to him or her, and pay the "midwife who once helped you come to the world." Working long hours, he no longer writes for every child. For most people, the story of those hours after birth, along with the knots in the umbilical cord, turns brown and then falls off two weeks later.
Single delivery room of Dongcheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Guo Yujie/Photo
Pain is the deepest impression that many women have on the birth process. It was a physiological rather than pathological pain caused by uterine contractions, which was medically defined as a grade 9 second only to burn pain. In pain, some women cried and screamed, and some whimpered. Zhu Peijing saw a pregnant woman in a general hospital holding a hanging bottle naked, kneeling and begging the doctor to give her a caesarean section, Zhang Qiang, a nurse at the Dongcheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, would be used by the mother as a gripper in pain, and after the other party released, she left a clear handprint on her arm, which would disappear for a long time. But the individuals with fertility pain vary greatly, and someone's contractions are like a dysmenorrhea.
After a pregnant woman in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, jumped off a building in the pain of contractions, in 2019, the mainland implemented a painless delivery pilot in 913 hospitals. This is a mature technology that has been applied abroad for more than 100 years, and the anesthesiologist injects anesthetics from the spine of the mother to reduce the pain of contractions. One doctor described that if the pain index before the delivery analgesic injection was 9, and the pain index after the analgesia was about 4, a tolerable degree - some people will feel completely painless.
The degree of application of labor analgesia is related to the resource status of anesthesiologists in hospitals. According to statistics, as of 2021, the overall application rate of childbirth analgesia in the mainland is only 30%, and the penetration rate of childbirth analgesia in many hospitals in the central and western regions is less than 10%. At the Dongcheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing, the application rate of childbirth analgesia rose from about 40% in 2013 to 70%.
In the case of abundant resources, it is necessary to face outdated ideas. The delivery analgesic injections of women need the signature of themselves and their families, and nurse Zhang Qiang sometimes sees the anesthesiologist running back and forth without getting a signature. She once saw a woman crying in pain all the time, and after evaluation she was eligible for the use of childbirth analgesia, but the husband listened to her mother-in-law's advice and "did not fight". On the phone, the lady was crying and gradually stopped talking. The husband said, "I know you hurt, but my mother said that the painless needle is still not to be hit." ”
The pain of caesarean section is mainly after childbirth. After a cesarean section, the woman experiences severe uterine contractions, which allow the woman's uterus to contract to its normal size and reduce bleeding. The nurse will help the woman press her stomach and check the degree of contractions. When nurse Zhang Qianggang works, she will feel that "the mother is really pretentious, she will push your hand, will pull your hand, and will not let you press." When she gave birth to her own child, she realized that it really hurt, and the pain was so painful that she broke into a cold sweat, and it was better to hold her breath. "I really said don't press it again, because it has a wound on the womb, it always contracts, it always moves."
After the pain is forgotten, what is left is a scar. Most of the scars of vaginal births come from lateral incisions, which are made by midwives to prevent the perineum from being torn to a greater extent during childbirth difficulties. Zhu Peijing said, "In the past, there was a period of time when it was basically necessary to make a lateral cut", and now in order to protect the maternal body, they will not cut sideways until they have to do so and have clear indications. The wound in the lateral incision also becomes intradermal suture.
Liang Hong underwent a cesarean section, leaving a dark vertical incision scar on his stomach, and now, obstetricians will be surprised to see this scar when they do surgery. The longitudinal incision is more pronounced and darker in color than the scar of the transverse incision, and for aesthetic purposes, the vertical incision has almost disappeared, and the position of the transverse incision is constantly moving downward. The position of the cross-cutting in the industry is 3 cm above the pubic bone. Liu Jiangang, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Hangzhou Shulan Hospital, has developed a more invisible incision in recent years, moving down to almost equal to the pubic bone, and in order for the scar to be hidden under the bikini in the future, he needs to carefully avoid the bladder.
3
Obstetrics is a woman's world. The "2021 China Health Statistics Yearbook" shows that in 2020, 14.9% of the health technicians in the national maternal and child health hospitals will be men and 85.1% of women. Childbearing for these women is not only work, but often life.
Some media did a survey on Mother's Day, and among more than 700 people, more than 40% of them chose "if you choose again, you won't be a mother". Head nurse Liang Hong said, "Why do you regret it?" I don't regret it. She felt that if the policy allowed, she might have more than one child. Nurse Zhang Qiang has a three-and-a-half-year-old daughter, and she does not regret giving birth to her, but is determined not to want a second one. Xu Min, the head nurse in the delivery room, is a Dinkist. In her more than 30-year career, she has helped countless babies come into the world and witnessed countless moments of motherhood, but did not strongly want to experience the past. "Maybe you're more self-aware."
A stroller for newborns in the ward of Dongcheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Guo Yujie/Photo
Liang Hong felt that the identity of her mother brought her endless happiness. She had a daughter in her fifth year of work. Now that she sees pregnant women breastfeeding in the ward, she always recalls the warmth of breastfeeding her child 29 years ago, "You have her, she has you." ”
Twenty-nine years later, their relationship is as close as ever. Daughters often slept with her, they took selfies face to face, chased stars together, went to 3 cities to see Mao's hard-won concerts, and waved to the stage with glow sticks. She and her husband worked black and white shifts, and they relayed the baby. She often rides a bicycle with a child seat to take her daughter to a kindergarten near the hospital, picks her up after school, and comes home together after work. Once the screws of the seat came loose, and her daughter fell backwards with a plush hat and cotton cloak, and she still thinks about it and is afraid.
Xu Min is 4 years younger than Liang Hong, and the two have known each other for 30 years. In the past, Liang Hong's daughter often pestered Aunt Xu Min to paint for her. Liang Hong saw that Xu Min always had kitten scratches on her hands, and she liked cats and had several. Xu Min learned about the concept of Dink at a young age. When she fell in love with her current husband, she expressed this idea, and the other party did not object.
Around the age of 50, both of them still have the look and posture of a young man. Xu Min spoke quickly and vividly, and her midwife clinic had photo albums of children born in the delivery room. She recently watched the hit drama "Dear Little Child", which depicts chickens flying and dogs jumping before and after childbirth, which she thinks is quite real. When she was young, she felt that she always had to work the night shift, it was not good to take the child, there was no condition for finding a nanny at home, and the desire to have a child was not strong, "the consumption will pass.".
She felt that the ultimate way of social care was in a nursing home, and she did not think about who would help her to retire. However, she heard that "children are treated differently in nursing homes with children and no children", and only then did she "have a little regret". She does not feel that the child should be born for whom, and when she is born, she must be fully responsible. "If I had children, I should try my best to do those things, but you can't do it, the expectations may be too high, and I can't meet it, and finally choose to give up." 」
After having children, Liang Hong and Zhang Qiang's feelings about work changed. Liang Hong knows the difficulty of getting up and walking around when going to the toilet after giving birth, "at that time, I hope that someone can help me." As the head nurse, she often told everyone that it is not easy to treat the mother as a family member, but to treat the mother as her friend. Colleagues said that nurse Zhang Qiang's personality has changed, he used to be grinning, not a "very feminine person", and now he has become more understanding and gentle.
Recently, Zhang Qiang's daughter suffered from bronchitis, she had to take her daughter to see a doctor, feed medicine, and always hold and measure her temperature at night. "It's good to have kids, but it's hard to have kids."
When her daughter was not in kindergarten, Zhang Qiang could not make up for sleep after the night shift, and only when her daughter slept, she could sleep for 3 hours. Even with her mother's help during the day, she still had a lot to worry about when she came home: her daughter's clothes were dirty, her shoes were covered in mud, her school bag had to be packed, and it was time to learn to draw. In the past three and a half years, she has not gone shopping or eating with her colleagues. In the first year of the child's birth, she had to take the title, put the child to sleep at 9 o'clock every night, read until 11 o'clock at night, and then use the time to study back and forth on the subway every day, which is only this time.
The fertility rate is reduced, she can understand, "Raising a child now is really not as simple as when we were children." The pressure on education is too great, and she is always thinking about what kind of thinking she wants to develop at this stage, and "painstakingly" communicates with her. Colleagues talked to her about how to guide children to share their lives when they went home, "I want to say that my mother was born with two small babies in the hospital today, one is what it is, and what the other is like." What about you, what happened in kindergarten? ”
Zhang Qiang wants to make his "teammates" more powerful. Although her husband can take on all the tasks of "washing, studying, and sleeping with her children" during her night shift, more anxiety remains with her. "A lot of women are also looking at their teammates and really can't use it, and then they give up, slowly getting used to it, it's our own life." She also saw too many fathers-to-be at work, and when the child was born soon, she didn't know what to prepare when she came home.
4
Even after fully appreciating the happiness of being a mother, Liang Hong gladly accepted when her daughter said that she would not have children in the future. She said that the choice was her own.
The changes in society's concept of fertility washed over obstetrics and gynecology like a tide. Popular science blogger "Six Floors" was once an obstetrician and gynecologist in a third-class hospital in Beijing, often discussing women and fertility topics on social media. How to create a better fertility environment for women? He felt that the first thing was to give them the right to choose not to have children. He remembers that in the diagnosis of adenomyosis, in the past, doctors would say, "This is very important and will affect your future fertility." But gradually some girls said, "I don't have a birth plan." Slowly, just like AI language learning, the doctor's language became, "If you have a fertility plan later, then..." Previously, when a girl came to the gynecology department for medical treatment, she would be persuaded by the doctor to treat it as soon as possible with the statement that "this problem may affect fertility", but now, the doctor's words have become "This will lead to dysmenorrhea and anemia, and it is necessary to treat it early."
He's also in his 30s, and his parents will post articles urging him and his wife to have children, mostly about the optimal age to have children. But he has his own understanding of the "optimal age for childbearing.". "A 25-year-old young man who has just graduated from college, has no house, has an unstable job, and is in a bad financial situation, and a 35-year-old, stable career, and psychological maturity, who is at the optimal age for childbearing?" "What kind of child can be raised is a combination of factors, not the so-called physiological optimal reproductive age."
He once released a popular science video to talk about the harm caused by childbirth to women's bodies, hoping that everyone will fully understand before making a choice. There is a saying that "fertility is more harmful than beneficial to women in the short and long term," whether it is short-term or long-term." To this end, a middle-aged mother specially registered a Weibo account to accuse him. She said her daughter was reluctant to have children and forwarded the video to her as an argument for infertility. The anxious mother felt that "six floors" "teach bad young people".
But "six floors" are not Dinkists, nor do they advocate for young people not to have children. He just felt like he was like a lot of people and wasn't prepared. He thought that when he first worked, once in the office, the director looked at him and sighed, if his children were left behind, he would be so old. But at that time, to choose between a career and a child, she chose a career.
The "six-story" themselves live in a traditional family. The father did small business, did not often come home, and the responsibilities for housework and childcare fell on the mother. He plans to wait until he can devote half of his time to his family before choosing to procreate. Because since they are all family members, they must participate in family affairs equally, "I am a human being, and my wife is also a human being, why should I have a reason to do less?" "I'm not happy with less involvement." But now he feels that he has to spend five or six hours a day on popular science work, and his wife has a lot of things she wants to do, and it is not time to raise children.
Liang Hong knows that the pressure of parenting is greater today than it was more than 20 years ago. The daughter's state was different from when she was younger, and the daughter worked at the bank and often worked overtime until 10 o'clock at night. Zhang Qiang would chat with older mothers and ask them why they chose to give birth at this age. They often say that the work pressure is very high, they have to pay off the mortgage and car loan, and they have to pay a lot of money to raise their children. They believe that if they do not plan in advance, their children will not be able to raise well when they come, and education is also a big problem.
She observed that these people have a strong sense of enterprise and responsibility, and they are afraid that they will not be responsible for their children after giving birth. An obstetrician at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital said that he observed that Shenzhen's "white-collar workers, backbones, elites" want a daughter more because they are both busy and think that girls are less naughty and more energy-saving.
Whether people choose, and when they choose to come to the obstetrics department, the stories in the obstetrics are still happening. A midwife at Chaoyang Hospital had worked in the emergency department, and at midnight, on the way to the hospital for the night shift, he always thought that in such a small space, someone in the rescue room would lose their lives tonight, and there would be new life options in the obstetrics department.
In mid-April, at the Dongcheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, a newborn baby shared a ward with his mother, and in the courtyard outside the corridor, peach blossoms and magnolias fell to the ground. The corridor was quiet, and only the warm, humming sounds of new life could be heard.
The decline in the birth rate has taken a major toll on maternity hospitals. The picture shows the neonatal department of Xinle City Hospital in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, where nurses touch newborns
On March 7, the Dongba Branch of Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine was crowded. There were queues in front of each department, except for the waiting area of the obstetrics and gynecology department, where only two people sat.
Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Dongba Branch was formerly known as Dongba Hospital, Dongba Hospital's obstetrics and gynecology department was once brilliant, the annual delivery volume once reached three or five thousand, this data fell to about 1800 between 2014 and 2016, but last year dived to less than 150, shrinking by 90%.
It is not only the Dongba family that has experienced the obstetric crisis. Beijing Henghe Hospital is a second-class high-end private hospital, but in recent years, the number of obstetrics patients has declined, and the operation cannot continue, and it will be merged by the private obstetrics and gynecology head hospital and United Family.
According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Health Commission, the number of new births in China from 2016 to 2021 has declined year after year, with 18.83 million, 17.65 million, 15.23 million, 14.65 million, 12 million and 10.62 million respectively. In the "Green Paper on Population and Labor" released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in January 2019, it pointed out that the era of negative growth of Chinese is coming. The obstetrics department in the hospital is the first place to feel the change.
Obstetrics used to be "hard to find" forced to have an extra bed in the courtyard
"October 2016 was the peak of our hospital's delivery volume, with about 300 babies delivered, an average of 10 per day. I remember one night, I basically didn't rest, took 7 waiting women, and had 4 caesarean sections." Wang Xia, deputy chief physician of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Dongcheng District, Beijing, recalled.
In 2016, the Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital welcomed a total of 352 baby monkeys from the first day of the first lunar month to the eight 88 days of the first lunar month
At that time, it was ten months after the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy, and the first demand for two children was released in one fell swoop. After the introduction of the policy, many couples have seized the tail of childbirth age to regenerate, Wang Xia said, "many are after 70, close to 40-year-old couples have a second child." According to the statistics of the National Health and Family Planning Commission at that time, in 2016, the number of people born with two children and above accounted for more than 40% of the total birth population in the country.
At that time, the media coverage of obstetrics's "hard to find" was overwhelming. In order to cope with the increase in the number of births, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital converted 7 single rooms into double rooms, and the Beijing Dongcheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital also added beds in the outdoor courtyard. "I heard that other courtyards also have benches, numbered bench one and bench two..." Wang Xia said.
At that time, in order to solve the problem of insufficient resources for maternal and child health services, the National Health and Family Planning Commission proposed to strengthen the construction of maternal and child health care institutions at the provincial, municipal and county levels, increase the number of obstetric beds by 89,000, and strive to increase the number of obstetricians and midwives by 140,000 during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
Private hospitals have thus seen the potential market for women's and children's medical care, the obstetrics and gynecology hospitals that entered the bureau earlier focused on the high-end market, the target audience was foreign and high-income groups in the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and the Putian department that entered the bureau later focused on filling the gap in second-tier cities such as Chengdu and Qingdao.
While public and private hospitals are gearing up for a wave of small fertility peaks, reality is like a basin of cold water.
China's birth rate has collapsed, and obstetrics, which was very popular at that time, has changed from crowded to rare to see a few people. The picture shows the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, where medical staff are preparing to do fetal heart rate monitoring for pregnant women
The number of maternity fell off a cliff for several years and fell by one fifth
2019 is the Year of the Pig, and Yu Yabin, director of the Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing, found that the number of births that year did not exceed the 2017 Year of the Rooster. In 2016, Chaoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital's annual delivery volume was close to 5800, and since then it has declined year by year, falling to the early 2000s in 2021.
In Guantao County, Handan City, Hebei Province, 400 kilometers from Beijing, Zhang Jiewen, director and deputy chief physician of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the County People's Hospital, said that the number of births in his department fell from more than 1,500 in 2016 to 789 last year, "In the first two months of this year, we had more than 50 children."
The number of women in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing's Dongcheng District, where Wang Xia works, has also fallen off a cliff, and now there are only 30 to 40 births per month, only one-fifth of the previous years. The reason for this phenomenon, in addition to the lack of willingness to have children, is also related to the population relief policy in Dongcheng District in recent years.
Duan Tao, a professor at shanghai First Maternal and Child Health Hospital, analyzed that the impact of declining fertility rate on obstetrics is significantly greater than that of public second-level hospitals and below. Most district maternal and child health hospitals are secondary hospitals, so they are more affected.
Liu Jiangang explained that in the case of the overall decline in the amount of delivery, pregnant women who could not build files in the top three hospitals and retreated to the second level hospital to file can now go to the top three to have children, so the obstetric outpatient volume of the third level hospital is still relatively large.
The number of women fell off a cliff, falling to only one-fifth of that year in a few years. The picture shows the medical workers of Wenxian Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, nursing newborns
Doctors are helpless: 30% of the salary has evaporated
Duan Tao said that among the public tertiary hospitals, the women's and children's specialized hospitals have been less affected. On the one hand, the reason is that these hospitals have specialized in surgery, which has formed a competitive advantage and competitive barriers, and many people regard specialized tertiary hospitals as the first choice for their own children. On the other hand, the reason is that in the past two years, due to the impact of the epidemic, the epidemic control of general hospitals will be more stringent, and many people will also turn to maternal and child specialist hospitals to give birth.
Liu Yanhui of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention monitored the allocation and utilization of obstetric health resources in Beijing (Haidian District and Chaoyang District), Chengdu, Wuhan and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019 and found that "after 2017, except for the public tertiary level, the utilization rate of obstetric beds and obstetrician workloads in other types of midwifery medical institutions have decreased significantly" from 2014 to 2019.
Zhang Jiewen said that in 2010, her department was too busy, divided into obstetrics and gynecology I, obstetrics and gynecology ii, obstetrics and gynecology three departments, there are nearly 30 obstetrics and gynecology medical staff. Now it has been changed to two departments, and only a dozen medical staff remain.
A decrease in workload means a decrease in revenue. Whether public or private, the salary structure of physicians is composed of basic salary and performance. Wang Xia said that in the past few years of obstetric downturn, her salary has decreased by about 30%.
"It's rare to see a 24- or 5-year-old first-born mother now."
At the same time as the decline in the number of births, the average age of pregnant women is also increasing, and many of the doctors interviewed said that it is rare to see the first mothers who give birth to children at the age of 24 or 5, and most of the first women are about 30 years old.
Yu Yabin said that the increase in the age of pregnancy at the first birth means that the risk of childbirth will increase to a certain extent, and from this point of view, the challenge for obstetricians is getting bigger and bigger. "However, according to the requirements, the maternal mortality rate must be depressed, which is more and more demanding for obstetrics and gynecology medical technology."
In order to meet the needs of pregnant women at different levels, Yu Yabin also plans to build a special needs ward, that is, a VIP ward with hardware facilities comparable to a hotel, a warm environment and comprehensive services.
In Yu Yabin's view, in the past few decades, public hospitals have mainly solved the problem of whether pregnant women can be admitted to the hospital to give birth, and now the contradiction has become a question of how to make them comfortable. "This generation of post-90s pregnant women are basically only children, from a young age to sleep in a room, and they grew up under the care of their parents, where can stand 8 people in a room, no privacy." 」
Guantao County People's Hospital also said that it will build a special ward. Professor Wang Shijun, director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, said that the hospital has carried out the overall renovation of the obstetric ward, and the obstetric medical staff and obstetric beds will also be adjusted in time with the changes of pregnant women.
Intimate plastic surgery, postpartum aesthetics... Hospital transformation to survive
Both public and private hospitals have lengthened the service chain. From prenatal care to postpartum rehabilitation, hospitals have tried their best.
In the past year, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dongcheng District of Beijing has started to integrate preconception health care and clinical care. The hospital is responsible for pre-pregnancy and premarital examinations throughout the district. The health center hopes to catch this part of the patient and refer them to the corresponding department in the hospital. Wang Xia said, "In the past, there were many patients, and our work in this area was not so meticulous, but now there are fewer patients, and we hope to provide a more comprehensive one-stop service."
Beijing Xuanwu Hospital and Hebei Guantao County People's Hospital also intend to carry out postpartum rehabilitation clinics to deal with postpartum pelvic laxity and some complications.
The birth rate has fallen, and the doctor's purse has become thinner. The picture shows newborns in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen Municipality, Guangdong Province
The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dongcheng District of Beijing has also established a medical association with Xiehe Hospital, and xiehe obstetricians regularly visit the former hospital for consultation. Some critically ill patients need to be referred to Concordia for surgery, but when the specialists from Concordia Hospital come, the patients do not have to go. Under the model of the medical federation, the Dongcheng District Maternal and Child Health Hospital can also accept some difficult patients.
When public hospitals begin to build special needs wards, they will invisibly encroach on the living space of private hospitals step by step. Private hospitals have always been based on quality service as the selling point, but public hospitals are not inferior to the ward environment, lower prices, coupled with high social credibility and high level of medical team, more pregnant women will be attracted to the past.
Private obstetrics and gynecology hospitals, which are still struggling to survive, either expand their business or directly transform. Some hospitals are vigorously developing private plastic surgery, postpartum medical beauty and other businesses, and some hospitals retain obstetric staff and beds, turning their focus to the development of stomatology business.
"In the future, obstetrics in public hospitals and private hospitals will become more and more similar, with the former beginning to provide services and quality, and the latter beginning to improve childbirth and postpartum technology." Duan Tao analyzed.
A hospital neonatologist posted: the ward is reduced, the medical care is transferred, and the monthly bonus is reduced
As a neonatologist, I really feel the impact of the decline in the birth rate, the number of patients in the department in previous years can reach 100+, and at that time, almost every day had to work overtime, and now the number of patients has dropped to 40+, and the number of patients in a year in 2021 will be up to about 70. The doctors and nurses in the department are very panicked, only 1/5 of the nurses are at work, and the others are either not on leave or transferred to other departments. Originally, when there were many patients, two wards were opened, and now only one remains.
And this direct impact is the income, the monthly bonus is reduced, the year-end bonus is in jeopardy, the scientific research project cannot be carried out, the number of newborn outpatient visits has declined, etc., and now it is particularly nostalgic for the busy time before.
Chatting with her obstetrics classmates, she also said that in the past, the four-story obstetric ward of their department could be full of pregnant women, and now sometimes the first floor is not satisfied, and some obstetric colleagues have transferred to the gynecology department, sighing and sighing.
The society generally believes that there is a shortage of pediatricians, but I think that in recent years, with the opening of pediatric specialties in many universities, the transfer of adult department doctors to pediatrics, and the decline in the number of children's medical treatment during the epidemic, many pediatricians in first- and second-tier cities have been saturated, and some hospitals have experienced insufficient pediatric diseases.
What do you think about the future of obstetrics and pediatrics?
Source: Medical Cat
Disclaimer: The copyright of this article belongs to the original creator and does not represent the position of this WeChat public account. For copyright matters, please contact to delete.