According to the survey of allergy epidemiology of the China Maternal and Child Health Center, 12.3% of children aged 0-2 years were diagnosed with allergic diseases, and 40.9% of children were self-reported by parents with allergy symptoms. Babies have a high incidence of allergies, but there are still many parents who do not have a clear understanding of baby allergies. Wu Jieling, chief physician of the Department of Pediatric Protection of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital and vice chairman of the Professional Committee for the Development of High-risk Children's Health Management of the China Maternal and Child Health Association, mentioned in an exclusive interview with Nandu reporter that in addition to common environmental factors, genetic factors are also one of the causes of baby allergies, and parents should pay attention to their children's rashes, coughs, nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms, and seek medical treatment in time to avoid causing greater harm.
The baby should pay attention to these allergy symptoms
According to Wu Jieling, the main allergen of children in spring is pollen, in addition, from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, allergy is a manifestation of heavy humidity in the body, and spring is rainy and wet, at this time it is easy to appear specific dermatitis and other allergy symptoms. Spring cold is easy to irritate people with sensitive respiratory tracts, resulting in rhinitis, runny nose, allergic cough and other symptoms. In addition to directly causing allergies, environmental factors may also indirectly induce allergies, "many children are not simple food allergies, but a mixture of factors, environmental allergies and food allergies exist at the same time." In addition, some people are usually not allergic, but they may have allergies after a bad rest or illness. Wu Jieling said.
For common children's food allergies, Wu Jieling mentioned that the main factors that cause children's food allergies are: "First of all, genetic factors, most children with allergies, their parents and even grandparents, are allergic. As long as one parent is prone to allergies, the child's risk of allergies has reached 50%; if both parents have it, the child's risk of allergic diseases may reach more than 75%. The second is environmental factors, compared to twenty or thirty years ago, the amount of PM2.5 in the air is now higher, which will also increase the risk of allergies in children. Whether the child is born by caesarean section or a vaginal birth also has an impact, and a vaginal birth is conducive to the formation of the child's intestinal probiotic flora. In addition, many parents are now too refined for their children's diet, and they cannot touch dirty things, and too little contact with the outside world will also lead to their inability to tolerate and are more likely to have allergies. ”
Allergies may affect your child's healthy development
Many parents believe that children's allergies are mainly manifested as skin inflammation, Wu Jieling reminded parents to pay attention to the fact that there are sputum sounds, easy nasal congestion may also be a precursor to allergies: "Some children may be about 3 to 4 months, the throat is always sputum, easy to nasal congestion at night, this may be the early manifestation of allergic rhinitis, but many parents will ignore, and even blame the sputum when the child was born without sucking clean." If you go to the respiratory specialist to see, feel that the general anti-cold treatment has no effect, parents should consider whether the child is allergic rhinitis, it is recommended to go to the ear, nose and throat department consultation. "Although parents should pay attention to children's allergies, they don't have to worry too much," some parents think that their children have rashes, coughs and the like, they think it is allergies, and also ask for blood tests. In fact, children in half a year or even within one year of age, if the degree of allergy is relatively mild, blood draw can only play a role in auxiliary examination, a considerable number of children on the sensitivity of the test reagent is relatively low, for example, some breastfeeding children, may be the mother to eat an egg, the child after eating milk suddenly lips are red, this is the symptom of allergy, but at this time to go to the blood test is not able to find out the egg allergy. Allergen testing is one of the ways to help confirm the diagnosis, and allergies can be diagnosed if symptoms appear. Wu Jieling said.
What are the health hazards of allergies to infants and young children? Wu Jieling believes that, first of all, mild respiratory allergies are not solved in time, and it is easy to develop more seriously. "Children's allergies often recur specific dermatitis, sometimes light and heavy, if parents ignore it at this time, it may lead to more serious allergic symptoms in children in the future, such as mutant cough, allergic rhinitis, etc.," Wu Jieling said, "respiratory allergies usually become more obvious with age." If the child has allergic rhinitis, often sucking the nose in, it is likely to cause otitis media, and even lead to hearing loss; if the child has asthma, it will lead to a decline in his lung function, resulting in a weaker constitution. Chinese medicine also mentioned that lung qi deficiency can lead to spleen deficiency, that is, affect the child's digestion. ”
Second, food allergies may not manifest themselves on the skin, but can cause inflammation of some digestive tracts. Wu Jieling pointed out: "On the one hand, the allergic symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract are manifested as edema of the gastrointestinal tract, which affects the speed of peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, on the other hand, the absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract will also decline. ”
What should I do if I have a milk allergy? Hydrolyzed formula helps to improve
Many children have diarrhea as soon as they drink milk, which is a common "lactose intolerance". Wu Jieling pointed out that lactose intolerance is due to lactase deficiency, but she also pointed out that congenital lactase deficiency is relatively rare, most lactose intolerance is due to gastrointestinal dysfunction, and a considerable number of children are allergic. "If your child has repeated lactose intolerances, you need to ask a doctor to determine whether it is caused by allergies or due to imperfect gastrointestinal development." Wu Jieling said. Some parents will directly buy lactase for their children to take, but Wu Jieling pointed out that this method is not suitable for children with allergies, "may improve symptoms in a short period of time, but if there is no clear diagnosis of lactase, the child will continue to eat allergenic food, may delay treatment." ”
And how should children who are genetically at high risk of allergies be treated? Wu Jieling suggested that if it is a baby who is already drinking formula, it is best to use partially hydrolyzed formula, the small molecules in this milk powder are more easily absorbed, it is not easy to stimulate intestinal allergies, and it can also normally induce the intestine to resist allergies and produce immune tolerance. If it is a newborn child, Wu Jieling recommends breastfeeding throughout the whole process, "It may be that the child will have a small rash at the beginning, but if you can insist on breastfeeding until 6 months, the child usually has fewer allergies later, and even if it appears, the degree will be significantly reduced." After 6 months of breast milk is insufficient, a moderately hydrolyzed formula can be added to help the child transition to normal fresh milk and prevent allergies. ”
If a child with a diagnosed allergy is diagnosed, treatment should be treated with deep hydrolysis or amino acid formula. Wu Jieling pointed out that allergies are a chronic disease, it is generally recommended to eat hydrolyzed formula powder for about three months, and then add ordinary formula powder spoon by spoon to see if the child adapts, whether it will diarrhea, height and weight can grow faster and so on. "Generally speaking, more than 90% of children can drink ordinary fresh milk after the age of 3, and some children will still have lactose intolerance after drinking, and some children are still completely unable to drink." How long to drink hydrolyzed formula depends on the child's personal situation, and we usually make an assessment every three months and then give follow-up recommendations. Wu Jieling said. In addition, milk protein allergy does not require special desensitization treatment, Wu Jieling pointed out that in the process of children's development and growth, daily contact with dairy products is actually a desensitization process.
"Some parents are concerned, will this special formula of milk powder be insufficient nutrition compared to ordinary milk powder? In fact, the nutritional composition of each kind of milk powder is similar, and some children do not grow and develop well after eating, in fact, because of their weak absorption capacity. Wu Jieling pointed out.
These misunderstandings of allergies, parents should pay attention!
Wu Jieling stressed that many parents have many misunderstandings about the symptoms of allergies to their babies and need to be corrected in time. "The first is to pay attention to specific dermatitis, some parents think that it is good to apply a little plaster cream, but I suggest that if the child repeatedly has two or more rashes, it is still important to go to the dermatologist to determine whether it is allergies, and whether it is environmental factors or allergies caused by food." Wu Jieling said.
Second, parents should also pay attention to the problem of heredity. Wu Jieling said: "If parents are allergic, it is recommended to breastfeed until 6 months. When your child has a problem, it is also necessary to consult a pediatric or gastroenterologist in time. Especially if the mother has an allergic constitution, in the process of feeding the child, it may also be because of the mother's dietary problems, such as eating things containing milk, fish, eggs, resulting in the child's allergies, this situation should be specially informed to the doctor, and then discuss a reasonable nutritional program, including how to add complementary foods, as well as breastfeeding should avoid which allergenic substances and so on. ”
If there are children who are prone to allergies at home, what are the precautions for parents? Wu Jieling pointed out: "If the allergy symptoms are mainly rashes, we must pay attention to the moisturizing of the skin. Some children have digestive and respiratory symptoms due to food allergies, so they should pay attention to diet. If respiratory allergy symptoms are caused by the environment, such as cold air, dry air, etc., then pay attention to indoor temperature, humidity, cleanliness, etc. The causes of allergies vary, and the points of attention are not exactly the same. ”
Written by: Nandu reporter Zeng Wenqiong
Intern: Xiao Tongdan
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