The so-called nutrient metabolism disorder is a disease caused by insufficient supply or lack of certain nutrients needed by animals, or because of the excessive amount of some nutrients that interfere with the absorption and utilization of other nutrients. In pig production, most of these diseases do not endanger life, but seriously affect the growth and development of pigs and the economic benefits of pig farms.
There are three main causes of nutritional metabolism disorders in pigs: First, poor feed quality. If the nutrient content in the feed is too simple or a certain nutrient component is excessive, or the anti-nutrient substances or anti-nutritional factors in the feed are not fully considered in the diet configuration, such as the trypsin inhibitory factor in legumes, which leads to a decrease in the digestion and absorption and utilization of intestinal proteins; the second is that the digestion and absorption disorders occur. For example, the digestion and absorption rate of certain types of raw materials in the diet is low, or the digestion and absorption disorders of the pig itself.
<h1>Common diseases and prevention measures caused by pig nutritional metabolism disorders</h1>
1. Vitamin deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency occurs mainly in piglets and fattening pigs. Sick pigs present with mental atrophy, loss of appetite, slow growth, coarse coat, short and thick limb bones, and eyelid edema. Piglets often have obvious neurological symptoms, such as head and neck skew, faltering, and ataxia. Adult pigs show unsteadiness and the inability to stand with their limbs split. Sick pigs can be given cod liver oil or intramuscular vitamin A, replaced with a nutritionally balanced feed, and accompanied by a sufficient amount of green feed, such as high-quality hay, carrot and root feed.
Vitamin C deficiency, pigs will have oral mucosa bleeding and ulcers, loose teeth easy to fall out, anemia, dull coat color, weak disease resistance and other symptoms. For pigs deficient in vitamin C, they can be fed 0.5 grams of vitamin C to the feed daily. In severe cases, vitamin C injections of 0.3 to 0.4 grams per day can be given until normal conditions are restored.
Vitamin D deficiency often begins with mild osteoporosis, slow growth, slow erection, and weakness in lower extremity tremors. Metastatic claudication in the later stages can be seen, the bones are enlarged, the tubular bones and spine of the forelimbs are curved, the pain is obvious during movement, and even crawling with the wrist joint, and at the same time, the appetite is lost and the coat is rough. When standing and walking, the heart beats and breathes faster. Sick pigs can be given 4 to 6 mL of oral cod liver oil or cod liver oil pills per 100 kg of body weight.
2. Rickets
Rickets is mainly a bone dystrophic metabolic disease caused by the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus ratio in the feed of piglets during the growth period, which is manifested by growth retardation, digestive disorders, heterophilia, cartilage calcification insufficiency, claudication and bone deformation. Absolute deficiency of calcium or phosphorus in the diet or secondary to other factors, mainly excessive intake of phosphorus or calcium.
For the prevention and treatment of rickets, the main thing is to rationally allocate the proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the diet, and appropriately increase light and exercise. Sick pigs are fed compound feed, supplemented with bone meal, fish meal, calcium phosphate to balance calcium, phosphorus; or injected or oral calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium lactate 2 to 10 g internally, glucose calcium chloride, can also be injected intravenously 10% calcium gluconate (50 ~ l00 mg).
3. Nutritional anemia
Nutritional anemia is a nutritional disorder caused by iron deficiency. The disease has a certain group, due to iron deficiency or large demand and insufficient supply, affecting the production of hemoglobin in pigs, the number of red blood cells is reduced, and iron deficiency anemia occurs. In addition, anemia can also occur due to the lack of cobalt, copper, protein, etc. in the feed. Nutritional anemia is manifested by mental depression, loss of appetite, malnutrition, and inability to reveal the veins of the ear. Symptoms such as pallor of the visible mucosa, inversion of the coat, breathing and rapid heartbeat.
For sick pigs that develop nutritional anemia, trace elements such as iron and copper should be supplemented in time. Oral iron preparations, such as ferrous sulfate, ferric pyrophosphate, iron lactate, reduced iron, etc., are commonly used for ferrous sulfate 2.5g, copper sulfate 1g, cobalt chloride 2.5g, 1 L of regular water, according to 0.25mL/kg body weight, once a day, for 7 to 14 days. When iron salts are administered, the concentration may be too high or the dose is too large to prevent iron poisoning. Iron supplements can also be injected or driped, such as iron and cobalt injections.
Pig nutrition metabolism diseases there are many more, in general, any kind of trace element serious deficiency caused by the disease is a nutritional metabolic disease, therefore, in the management of pigs must pay attention to the allocation of nutrition, but also pay attention to the health of the digestive system of the pig herd. The feed nutrition is balanced, and the digestion and absorption function of the pigs is good, so as to ensure the healthy growth of the pigs.