Twenty-four solar terms| heat
【Definition】: When the sun reaches 150° ecliptic longitude, it is a heat stroke
【Festival】: Between August 22 and August 24 of the Gregorian calendar
【This year】: 11:16, August 23, 2022
01
Heated climate
Place (chǔ), stop, meaning retreat. Summer, also known as "summer out", is located in late August. Under normal circumstances, it has been or is close to the volt, the temperature will show a downward trend day by day, the situation of the heat will be greatly alleviated, and the folk also have the saying that "the heat does not come". However, this summer has been "hot enough to fly", can the temperature fall "as planned"? Looking forward to a wave of cooling down~
For the northern region, the summer season will show a large temperature difference between day and night, less precipitation, and low air humidity; Precipitation in the southern region will also decrease, but because the energy in the atmosphere is still relatively large, there will be strong convective weather from time to time. Since the autumn harvest is about to enter, it is very important to have a moderate amount of precipitation, which will directly affect the yield of crops and whether the grains such as rice ears are full.
In the last issue, "Li Qiu" reminded everyone to pay attention to the typhoon in August. However, due to the strong subtropical high pressure this summer, the Water Vapor in the Pacific Ocean has not had a chance to gather and disappear. However, after the heat, the vice-high may retreat, and it is not ruled out that the typhoon will take advantage of the void.
time limit
Medium test!
The arrival of the summer means that the twenty-four solar terms of this year have passed most of the time, and Xiaobu has prepared a "midterm examination paper".
How well do you know about solar terms & related astronomy, and are you ready?
The paper consists of 10 questions, each with 10 points and a maximum score of 100 points. 20 points for additional questions. After doing the small partner remember to tell the score message to Xiaobu Oh!
1. The twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar are 24 equal points in the Earth's orbit. Then Li Chun refers to the time when the sun reaches _____. (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Yellow longitude 315°
B
Yellow longitude 270°
C
Yellow longitude 180°
D
Yellow longitude 0°
Click the blank space to see the prompt
2. The so-called "Samsung high light, the New Year is coming!" At the time of the Chinese New Year, you will see three stars hanging high in the southern sky at night. Which three stars does "Samsung" refer to? (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Lucky star, Lu star, birthday star
B
Attendance 1, Attendance 2, Attendance 3
C
River drum one, river drum two, river drum three
D
Both A and B are right
Click the blank space to see the prompt
3. At the spring, summer, autumn, and winter solstices, you will see four different groups of stars appearing due south (Canglong, Xuanwu, White Tiger, and Suzaku), collectively known as the "Four Elephants". Please ask the Chinese constellation system can be summarized as "three walls and four elephants _____ (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
twenty-four
B
twenty-eight
C
thirty-six
D
Seventy-two
Click the blank space to see the prompt
4. Which of the following options is not included in the "Three Meteor Showers in the Northern Hemisphere"? (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Perseid meteor shower
B
Quadrant meteor shower
C
Gemini meteor shower
D
Leo meteor shower
Click the blank space to see the prompt
5. In the picture below, the Seven Residences of the Canglong Dragon hang high in the Southern Heavens, may I ask which sentence in the "Zhou Yi" Qiangua describes this celestial phenomenon? (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Flying dragons in the sky
B
The dragon has remorse
C
rudderless ship
D
See dragons in the fields
6. The vernal equinox is of great significance in astronomy. Is the following statement about the vernal equinox correct? (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
The vernal equinox is at the yellow-red intersection
B
is the coordinate origin of the equatorial and ecliptic coordinate systems
C
Located at 0° ecliptic longitude
D
All of the above is true
Click the blank space to see the prompt
7. One spring night you accidentally got lost outdoors and your phone ran out of battery. Look up and see the Big Dipper "blinking" at you. You immediately have a sense of direction, because the direction pointed by the "bucket handle" is the ____ side. (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
east
B
west
C
south
D
north
Click the blank space to see the prompt
8. The "three walls" in the ancient Chinese constellation system, namely ziweiyuan, Taiweiyuan and Tianshiyuan. May I ask ziweiyuan to represent ____ (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
garden
B
bazaar
C
Palace
D
government
Click the blank space to see the prompt
9. In the summer night sky, you will find three stars that are very bright, almost on the top of the brain gate, please ask these three stars together to form _______________ (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Spring Triangle
B
Summer Triangle
C
Autumn Triangle
D
Winter Triangle
10. Which of the following star officials is called the "parking lot in the sky"? (10 minutes)
(Click on the option to see the answer)
A
Tianjin
B
Rendao
C
Chefu
D
Heavenly abyss
✦
Additional Questions (20 points)
✦
The center of the Milky Way galaxy is located next to the stars officially numbered 2 Anda centauri 2 and Sagittarius 3. The name of this star in the Chinese constellation system is ____________
(Friends who know the answer, the message area is waiting for you Oh ~)
02
In the summer starry sky
In the summer night, remember to look up and "eat melon"!
As autumn approaches, the sky is also given the characteristics of the season. For example, around 22:00 p.m. during the summer festival, two interesting star officials appear on the east side of the cowherd star (River Drum II) in the south.
In the west, it is the figurative constellation of Delfinum, while in the east it is divided into two, one called hù melon and one called defeated melon. Originally, it refers to a gourd, and here it refers to fruit. A rotten melon is a corrupt melon.
Each of the two melons has 5 stars, most of which are fourth-magnitude stars, and most of which are fifth-magnitude stars. Is it because fresh melons look brighter?
It is conceivable that these two star officials also have a special meaning. In ancient times, when divination was particular, it was likely that this year's harvest was predicted by observing the rise and fall of these two star officials.
The autumn harvest season is approaching, and the tools for scooping rice are ready
In addition, in the northeast direction of the melon, near the "wing tip" position of the western constellation Cygnus, there are three contiguous star officials, which is also quite interesting. One of them is a pestle, and the other is a jiù (臼), which is a pair of tools used for chōng rice, which is very graphic.
According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor killed Xuan You, he made pestles and mortars, and taught his people how to peel millet, which was described in the Yi Zhixia as: "Broken wood is a pestle, and digging the ground is a mortar." "It can be seen that pestles and mortars are not only very ancient tools, but also play a very important role in the development of human society. Even so, it is not surprising that pestles and mortars appear in the sky, and that they appear in the starry sky during the harvest season.
Ancient Divine Beast - Snake
In the north of the two star officials of the pestle and the chefu, there is also a relatively unpopular but very important star official, the snake. It consists of 22 stars and occupies a large area of the sky, which is almost unique among ancient Chinese star officials; Moreover, its connection is still winding and twisting — after all, it is a snake. We can't help but feel that the imagination of the ancients is really rich, and when necessary, the connection can actually be "bent" and "crossed". But what is this mysterious snake that is sacred?
(Click on the image for a larger view)
The snake, also known as the Tengsnake, is a flying snake in the legend, and it is found in many ancient Chinese documents. Legend has it that when Nuwa pinched the mud, she pinched a snake and was wearing a flying wing, which some people regarded as the "pet" of Nuwa Niangniang, but this is not recorded in the relevant ancient books.
The word snake first came from the "Xunzi Persuasion": "The snake flies without feet, and the squirrel is poor with five skills", which means that although the snake has no feet, it is better than the squirrel to ride the clouds and drive the fog, and some people say that this is Xunzi borrowing things to refer to people.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Guo Pu, when commenting on the "mantis" in "Erya Shiyu", explained that "dragons can swim in the clouds and fog". This has also led many people to interpret the snake as a dragon (but the dragon has legs), perhaps Guo Pu used rhetorical techniques for the sake of "popular science", comparing it to a dragon, which caused a certain misunderstanding.
Whether it is a dragon or a snake, winged or wingless, the snake is always a "divine beast", a "spiritual creature", it has been given a lot of symbols, in the Yao Shun period was worshipped as a god, the image of the snake has also become an important totem to preserve.
As for why it appears in a more prominent position next to the ZiweiYuan in the sky, perhaps we can see some clues from Zhang Heng's "Si Xuan Fu" recorded in the "Book of Later Han and the Biography of Zhang Heng". There is a sentence in it: "Xuanwu shrinks in the shell, and the snake snakes and self-correcting." "Xuanwu, originally Xuan Di, refers to the Divine Turtle. The turtle and the serpent walk together. Cao Cao, who was almost contemporary with Zhang Heng, also left the famous poem "Turtle Although Shou", the first two sentences are: "Although the divine turtle is long, it is still timely." The snake rides the fog and eventually becomes ashes. It can also be seen that both the turtle and the snake are considered to be animals with "aura" and are closely related. After the Han Dynasty, the divine turtle and the snake merged to become the new Xuanwu.
Looking at the heavens, the location of the snake is the dangerous and room residences of the twenty-eight houses, which are the fifth and sixth of the seven houses of the northern Xuanwu. Therefore, it is speculated that the snake should be a very ancient star official, at that time, it and the turtle had not yet merged, so it existed independently with the northern sky. After the Tang and Song dynasties, Xuanwu was interpreted as "turtle-backed snake body", so later generations also regarded the snake as a clone of Xuanwu.
03
Dealing with the heat of the day
On the night of the summer, the asteroid Vesta 4 came to the opposition position. As one of the largest asteroids in the current solar system, Vesta has a brightness of about +5.9 magnitude when it is opposition to the sun, which can theoretically be seen with the naked eye! Of course, in order to do this, you not only need to choose a very dark environment, but also have a very good eye, and you must also have a considerable familiarity with the starry sky. Fortunately, it is not far from Saturn, and there are a few 5th and 6th magnitude stars on the side for reference, which may help you.
Location of Vesta on the evening of August 23, 2022
(Source: Water Brother/Stellarium simulation)
In addition, at the end of August and the beginning of September, shortly after sunset, Saturn was already shining in the southeast sky. Therefore, it is most appropriate to see Saturn after the summer this year.
Unlike jupiter and Saturn, which are outer planets, Mercury and Venus are observed at a great distance to the east or west. The so-called large distance refers to the maximum distance angle between the planets in the earth and the sun. Although the distance angle of Mercury's eastern distance reached 27 degrees, because Mercury is located south of the Sun and the horizon altitude is low, the observation conditions are not very good. At 18:30, Mercury was only 12 or 13 degrees above the ground and would soon fall into the southwest horizon. Let's do what we can.
Mercury East Grand Distance on August 28, 2022
(Source: Water Brother/Stellarium simulation)
04
Netizens contribute
Are you also passionate about photographing the starry sky overhead? Want more people to see your masterpiece? Contribute to Xiaobu, each issue of the twenty-four solar terms column, we will select the best to show you the focus on Oh! Let's see @Song Hanqing/HANSUNG's submitted works↓
Filming times: August 3 and August 4 evenings
Filming location: Fengxian, Shanghai
Figure 1: Milky Way at sea level
Figure 2: The Milky Way overhead
Figure 3: Meteors
【Request】
If you also took a picture of the starry sky, welcome to send an article to [email protected]. Please indicate the shooting time + location + content + signature. The size of a single image is within 10M.